首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Accurate estimates of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) water requirements are needed for water conservation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the FAO-56 crop coefficients for peanut grown under various levels of water stress in a humid climate. Two experiments were conducted in three automated rainout shelters located at the University of Georgia Griffin Campus in Griffin, Georgia, USA in 2006 and 2007. Irrigation was applied when the modeled soil water content in the effective root zone dropped below a specific threshold of the available water content (AWC). The irrigation treatments corresponded to irrigation thresholds (IT) of 40, 60 and 90% of AWC. The soil water balance was used to compute observed evapotranspiration (ET cm) from measured soil water content at six different soil depths. The length of the four developmental stages was different than the values listed in FAO-56. The 2-year average absolute relative error of K cini was 8, 19 and 6% for 40, 60 and 90% IT, respectively. For the 90% IT, the FAO-56 K cmid and K cend were almost identical to the 2-year averages of the observed K cmid and K cend, respectively. The findings of this study confirmed that the FAO-56 procedure was reasonably accurate for estimating peanut ET under water stress in a humid climate.  相似文献   

2.
Field test of an automatic controller for solid-set sprinkler irrigation   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
The application of new technologies to the control and automation of irrigation processes is becoming very important, and the automatic generation and execution of irrigation schedules is receiving growing attention. In this paper, a prototype automatic irrigation controller for solid-set systems is presented. The device is composed by software and hardware developments. The software was named Ador-Control and it integrates five modules: the first four modules simulate drop trajectories, water distribution, crop growth and yield, and the last module ensures bidirectional communication between software and hardware. Decision variables based on soil, crop, and irrigation performance indexes were used to make real-time irrigation decisions. A randomized experimental design was designed to validate the automatic controller over a corn crop during two seasons. Three treatments were analyzed: T0) manual programmer or advanced farmer; T1) automatic scheduling controlled by indexes based on soil simulated water content and irrigation performance; and T2) advanced automatic scheduling controlled by simulated thresholds of crop and irrigation indexes. Experimental results in 2009 and 2010 indicated that automatic irrigation treatments resulted in similar maize yield but using less water than manual irrigation (10 % between T0 and T1, and 18 % between T0 and T2).  相似文献   

3.
不同水盐胁迫对番茄生长发育和产量的影响研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
【目的】探究番茄植株对不同水盐胁迫情景的响应,为合理制定盐碱化土壤下的灌溉制度提供科学依据。【方法】以粉欧宝番茄品种为研究对象,开展水盐对番茄生长发育影响的盆栽试验。试验采用完全随机布置,设置3个水分水平(W1-充分灌溉、W2-1/2的W1灌水量、W3-干旱复水)和2个盐分水平(S1-无盐和S2-0.3%含盐量),每个处理4个重复,测定了番茄耗水、干物质和产量指标,分析了不同水盐胁迫对番茄植株生长发育与产量的影响。【结果】与充分灌溉W1相比,W2水平的番茄植株耗水、干物质、植株含水率、叶质量、产量、单果质量显著减少。W3水平的植株耗水量和叶茎比显著减少,但单株干质量与鲜干比所受影响不大;单果鲜质量与干质量显著减小,但坐果率提高导致产量有所增加。盐分处理的番茄植株耗水量、单株干质量、鲜干比、叶茎比、果实总产量、单果鲜质量与干质量均小于无盐处理。水分胁迫显著影响叶片生长和单个果实发育,盐分胁迫抑制植株的生长发育及产量形成。【结论】干旱复水与无盐处理组合(W3S1)下番茄植株表现出了较好的生长发育状况和产量水平,可用于最优调亏灌溉制度的制定。  相似文献   

4.
The SALTMED model is one of the few available generic models that can be used to simulate crop growth with an integrated approach that accounts for water, crop, soil, and field management. It is a physically based model using the well-known water and solute transport, evapotranspiration, and water uptake equations. In this paper, the model simulated chickpea growth under different irrigation regimes and a Mediterranean climate. Five different chickpea varieties were studied under irrigation regimes ranging from rainfed to 100 % crop water requirements, in a dry and a wet year. The calibration of the model using one of the chickpea varieties was sufficient for simulating the other varieties, not requiring a specific calibration for each individual chickpea variety. The results of calibration and validation of the SALTMED model showed that the model can simulate very accurately soil moisture content, grain yield, and total dry biomass of different chickpea varieties, in both wet and dry years. This new version of the SALTMED model (v. 3.02.09) has more features and possibilities than the previous versions, providing academics and professionals with a very good tool to manage water, soil, and crops.  相似文献   

5.
A field study was conducted at North Platte, Nebraska in 2007–2009, imposing eight irrigation treatments, ranging from dryland to fully irrigated. Four of the eight treatments allowed for various degrees of water stress only after tasseling and silking. In 2007, corn yield ranged from 8.9 Mg ha?1 with a season total of 41 mm of irrigation water to 11.5 Mg ha?1 for the fully irrigated treatment (264 mm of irrigation water). The treatment with the greatest reduction in irrigation water after tasseling and silking (158 mm) had a mean yield of 10.9 Mg ha?1, only 0.6 Mg ha?1 less than the fully irrigated treatment. In 2009, yields ranged from 12.6 to 13.5 Mg ha?1. There were no significant yield differences between the irrigation treatments for several possible reasons: more in-season precipitation and cooler weather required less irrigation water; much of the irrigation water was applied after the most water-stress sensitive stages of tasseling and silking; and lower atmospheric demand allowed for soil water contents well below 50 % management allowed depletion (MAD) not to cause any yield losses.  相似文献   

6.
干旱处理对土壤水分变化及大豆产量的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
采用框栽方式,研究不同阶段干旱处理对土壤水分、大豆植株干物质积累及产量的影响。结果表明,土壤含水率随干旱历时的增加而递减,长时间干旱后稳定在20%～24%;对于短期干旱处理,灌溉量较大时,土壤含水率会迅速恢复到稳定值32%～34%,但是对于18d以上的干旱历时,较少的灌溉量并不能保证土壤含水率在1～2次灌溉后得到恢复,表明较少的灌溉量对土壤含水率的提升能力有限。各干旱处理结束时期,大豆植株干物质积累均随干旱历时增加呈下降趋势,长期干旱会使全株干物质积累下降13%～30%;苗期和花荚期的短期干旱处理产生激发补偿效应,不会使大豆减产,结荚鼓粒期对水分供应较为敏感,干旱导致大豆减产。  相似文献   

7.
The majority of rice grown in south-east Australia is continuously flooded for much of its growing season, but reduced irrigation water availability brought about by a combination of drought and environmental flow legislation has presented a need to maintain (or even increase) rice production with less irrigation water. Delaying the application of continuous flooding until prior to panicle initiation can increase input water productivity by reducing non-beneficial evaporation losses from free water and the soil. A field experiment was conducted over two growing seasons, 2008/9 and 2009/10, comparing a conventional dry seeded treatment (the control - continuous flooding from the 3 leaf stage) with delayed continuous flooding (10-20 days prior to panicle initiation) with several irrigation scheduling treatments prior to flooding commencement. In the first year, the delayed water treatments were irrigated at intervals of 40, 80 and 160 mm of cumulative reference evapotranspiration (ETo) prior to delayed continuous flooding, thereby imposing differing degrees of crop water stress. In year 2, the 80 and 160 mm treatments were modified by use of a crop factor (Kc) when the plants were small and the 40 mm treatment was replaced with a continuously flooded treatment throughout the crop duration.Decreases in net water input (irrigation + rain − surface drainage) and increases in input water productivity were achieved by reducing the flush irrigation frequency during the pre-flood period. Savings of 150 and 230 mm (10 and 15%) were achieved in Year 1 from the 80 and 160 mm cumulative ETo irrigation frequency treatments, respectively, in comparison to the control. In the second year, net water input savings of 230 and 330 mm (15 and 22%) were achieved with the 80/Kc and 160/Kc mm treatments, respectively. Input water productivity of the 160 mm treatment was 0.06 kg/m3 (8%) higher than the control in Year 1, while in Year 2 a 0.15 kg/m3 (17%) increase in input water productivity above the control was achieved by the 160/Kc mm treatment. Delaying the application of continuous flooding in the second year greatly extended the period of crop growth suggesting the need for earlier sowing (by 7-10 days) to ensure pollen microspore still occurs at the best time to minimise yield loss due to cold damage. Nitrogen fertiliser management is an important issue when delaying continuous flooding, and nitrogen losses appeared to increase with the frequency of irrigation prior to continuous flooding. This was likely due to increased denitrification from alternate wetting and drying of the soil. Further research is required to determine the most appropriate nitrogen management strategies, and to also better define the optimal pre-flood irrigation frequency.  相似文献   

8.
Using AquaCrop to derive deficit irrigation schedules   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
Straightforward guidelines for deficit irrigation (DI) can help in increasing crop water productivity in agriculture. To elaborate such guidelines, crop models assist in assessing the conjunctive effect of different environmental stresses on crop yield. We use the AquaCrop model to simulate crop development for long series of historical climate data. Subsequently we carry out a frequency analysis on the simulated intermediate biomass levels at the start of the critical growth stage, during which irrigation will be applied. From the start of the critical growth stage onwards, we simulate dry weather conditions and derive optimal frequencies (time interval of a fixed net application depth) of irrigation to avoid drought stress during the sensitive growth stages and to guarantee maximum water productivity. By summarizing these results in easy readable charts, they become appropriate for policy, extension and farmer level use. We illustrate the procedure to derive DI schedules with an example of quinoa in Bolivia. If applied to other crops and regions, the presented methodology can be an illustrative decision support tool for sustainable agriculture based on DI.  相似文献   

9.
To ensure sustainable agricultural water use in water shortage regions, practices of deficit irrigation should be adopted. This study investigated the performance of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under limited water supply from 2005 to 2011, a six-season field test on the North China Plain. The test was comprised of four treatments: rain-fed, single irrigation applied at sowing to obtain a good level of soil moisture at the start of crop growth (I1s), single irrigation applied during recovery to jointing (I1r), and full irrigation supplied as three irrigations (control, I3). The results showed that grain yield was significantly correlated with rainfall before heading and with evapotranspiration (ET) after heading (P < 0.01) under rain-fed conditions. The average contribution of soil water stored before sowing to seasonal ET was 90, 103, and 145 mm for rain-fed, I1s, and I1r, respectively, during the six seasons. A smaller root length density (RLD), which restricted utilization of deep soil water by the crop, was one of the reasons for the lower yield with rain-fed and I1s treatments compared with the I1r treatment in dry seasons. The results also showed that the limited irrigation applied from recovery to jointing stage (Treatment I1r) significantly promoted vegetative growth and more efficient soil water use during the reproductive (post-heading) stage, resulting in a 21.6 % yield increase compared with that of the I1s treatment. And although the average yield of the I1r treatment was 14 % lower than that of the full irrigation treatment, seasonal irrigation was reduced by 120–140 mm. With smaller penalties in yield and a larger reduction in applied irrigation, I1r could be considered a feasible irrigation practice that could be used in the NCP for conservation of groundwater resources.  相似文献   

10.
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the performance of the Cropping System Model (CSM)-CERES (Crop-Environment Resource Synthesis)-Rice for simulating growth and yield of rice under irrigated conditions for a semiarid environment in Pakistan and to determine the impact of plant density and irrigation regime on grain yield and economic returns. The crop simulation model was evaluated with experimental data collected in 2000 and 2001 in Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. The experiment utilized a randomized complete block design with three replications and included three plant densities (one seedling hill?1, PD1; two seedlings hill?1, PD2; and three seedlings hill?1, PD3) and five irrigation regimes (625 mm, I1; 775 mm, I2; 925 mm, I3; 1075 mm, I4; and 1225 mm, I5). To determine the most appropriate combination of plant densities and irrigation regimes, four plant densities from one seedling hill?1 to four seedlings hill?1 and 17 irrigation regimes ranging from 0 to 1600 mm, for a total of 68 different scenarios, were simulated for 35 years of historical daily weather data. The evaluation of CSM-CERES-Rice showed that the model was able to accurately simulate growth and yield of rice for irrigated semiarid conditions, with an average error of 11% between simulated and observed grain yield. The results of the biophysical analysis showed that the combination of the two seedlings hill?1 plant density and the 1,300 mm irrigation regime produced the highest yield compared to all other scenarios. Furthermore, the economic analysis through the Mean-Gini Dominance (MGD) also showed the superiority of this treatment compared to the other treatment combinations. The mean monetary return ranged from ?47 to 1,265 $ ha?1 among all 68 scenarios. However, to be able to furnish the demand of rice grain for local consumption and to increase export, there is a need to expand this technology among the rice growers of other rice producing areas in Pakistan through extension workers.  相似文献   

11.
Optimizing irrigation scheduling for winter wheat in the North China Plain   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
In the North China Plain (NCP), more than 70% of irrigation water resources are used for winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). A crucial target of groundwater conservation and sustainable crop production is to develop water-saving agriculture, particularly for winter wheat. The purpose of this study was to optimize irrigation scheduling for high wheat yield and water use efficiency (WUE). Field experiments were conducted for three growing seasons at the Wuqiao Experiment Station of China Agriculture University. Eleven, four and six irrigation treatments, consisting of frequency of irrigation (zero to four times) and timing (at raising, jointing, booting, flowering and milking stage), were employed for 1994/95, 1995/96 and 1996/97 seasons, respectively. Available water content (AWC), rain events, soil water use (SWU), evapotranspiration (ET) and grain yield were recorded, and water use efficiency (WUE) and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) were calculated.The results showed that after a 75-mm pre-sowing irrigation, soil water content and AWC in the root zone of a 2-m soil profile during sowing were 31.1% (or 90.7% of field capacity) and 16.1%, respectively. Rainfall events were variable and showed a limited impact on AWC. The AWC decreased significantly with the growth of wheat. At the jointing stage no water deficits occurred for all treatments, at the flowering stage water deficits were found only in the rain-fed treatment, and at harvest all treatments had moderate to severe soil water deficits. The SWU in the 2-m soil profile was negatively related to the irrigation water volume, i.e. applying 75 mm irrigation reduced SWU by 28.2 mm. Regression analyses showed that relationships between ET and grain yield or WUE could be described by quadratic functions. Grain yield and WUE reached their maximum values of 7423 kg/ha and 1.645 kg/m3 at the ET rate of 509 and 382 mm, respectively. IWUE was negatively correlated with irrigated water volume. From the above results, three irrigation schedules: (1) pre-sowing irrigation only, (2) pre-sowing irrigation + irrigation at jointing or booting stage, and (3) pre-sowing irrigation + irrigations at jointing and flowering stages were identified and recommended for practical winter wheat production in the NCP.  相似文献   

12.
为研究关中冬小麦植株蒸腾和土壤蒸发规律,利用2 a冬小麦小区控水试验实测数据,率定和验证了双作物系数SIMDual_Kc模型在关中地区的适用性.用大型称重式蒸渗仪的实测蒸散量值(或水量平衡法计算值)与模型模拟值进行对比.结果表明:SIMDualKc模型可较准确地模拟关中不同水分条件下冬小麦蒸散量,且模拟精度较高.模型估算的平均绝对误差为0.643 3 mm/d.模型估算的冬小麦初期、中期和后期的基础作物系数分别为0.35,1.30,0.20.另外,模型还可以较准确地估算不同水分供应条件下的土壤水分胁迫系数、土壤蒸发量和植株蒸散量.冬小麦整个生育期,土壤蒸发主要发生在作物生育前期,中期较低,后期略微增大;植株蒸腾主要发生在作物快速生长期和生长中期,整个生育期中呈先增大后减小的趋势.  相似文献   

13.
针对CERES-Maize模型没有覆膜处理模块而无法从机理上实现对覆膜玉米生长发育及产量形成过程进行模拟的问题,依据作物生长发育的有效积温原理,利用膜地增温对有效气积温的补偿效应,量化覆膜地温对气温的补偿值,改进模型气象模块中的气温输入数据,同时将模型中影响腾发量及水量平衡计算的冠层能量消光系数K调整为0.5,构建了适宜于膜下滴灌的改进型CERES-Maize模型,并依据2014和2015年膜下滴灌玉米田间试验数据对改进模型进行验证.结果表明覆膜地积温对气积温的增温补偿系数Cc:播种-出苗期为0.45,出苗~抽雄前期为0.20;随着K降低,地上生物量与籽粒产量的相对误差绝对值ARE降低并趋近于0;改进后的模型能够较好地模拟覆膜玉米开花期天数、成熟期天数、收获期地上生物量和籽粒产量,其模拟值和实测值的ARE分别为0.58%,0.37%,7.65%和16.95%,相对均方根误差RRMSE分别为0.84%,0.51%,8.75%和17.50%.  相似文献   

14.
This study investigated the impact of using treated wastewater and deficit irrigation on yield, water productivity, dry matter and soil moisture availability. The experiment included six treatments of deficit irrigation with treated wastewater during the 2010 and 2011 seasons and two deficit irrigation treatments combined with 3 organic amendment levels during the 2012 season. The experimental and SALTMED modelling results indicated that regulated deficit irrigation when applied during vegetative growth stage could stimulate root development, increase water and nutrient uptake and subsequently increase the yield. The organic amendment has slightly improved yield under full irrigation but had relatively small effect under stress conditions. The SALTMED model results supported and matched the experimental results and showed similar differences among the different treatments. The model proved its ability to predict soil moisture availability, yield, water productivity and total dry matter for three growing seasons under several deficit irrigation strategies using treated wastewater. The high values of the coefficient of determination R 2 reflected a very good agreement between the model and observed values. The SALTMED model results generally confirm the model’s ability to predict sweet corn growth and productivity under deficit irrigation strategies in the semi-arid region.  相似文献   

15.
A four-year trial was set up to test the feasibility of growing oleic sunflower in a very strongly saline wasteland with drip irrigation in the Ningxia plain of Northwest China. The soil salinity expressed as electrical conductivity of the saturation paste extract (EC e ) was around 28 dS/m, and soil nutrient was deficient in the upper 120 cm depth. The experiment included five soil matric potential (SMP) treatments, with the SMP at 20-cm depth immediately under the emitters maintained to be higher than ?5, ?10, ?15, ?20 and ?25 kPa after sunflower establishment. Drip irrigation consistently created a favourable soil moisture and low-salinity region in the root zone when the SMP was maintained higher than ?25 kPa. The sunflower dry seed yield decreased by 3.8 % for each unit increase in seasonal average soil salinity in the root zone. Plant vegetative growth, yield characteristics, irrigation frequency and irrigation amount all increased with the increase in SMP from ?25 to ?5 kPa, and the highest irrigation water use efficiency was available when the SMP was between ?10 and ?15 kPa (the amount of applied water was around 750 mm). Leaching of salts by drip irrigation gradually turned the very strongly saline soil into a moderately saline soil. This research suggests that drip irrigation can be successfully used in oleic sunflower cultivation in this highly saline soil and a SMP threshold between ?10 and ?15 kPa is suggested for irrigation scheduling.  相似文献   

16.
In southwestern Ontario, rain-fed crop production frequently fails to achieve its yield potential because of growing-season droughts and/or uneven rainfall distribution. The objective of this study was to determine if the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) v4.5 model could adequately simulate corn and soybean yields, near-surface soil water contents, and cumulative nitrate-N losses associated with regular free tile drainage (TD) and controlled tile drainage with optional subsurface irrigation (CDS). The simulations were compared to observations collected between 2000 and 2004 from both TD and CDS field experiments on a Perth clay loam soil at the Essex Region Conservation Authority demonstration farm, Holiday Beach, Ontario, Canada. There was good model-data agreement for crop yields, near-surface (0-30 cm) soil water content and cumulative annual tile nitrate-N loss in both the calibration and validation years. For both TD and CDS, the CENTURY soil C/N model in DSSAT simulated water content and cumulative tile nitrate-N loss with normalized root mean square error (n-RMSE) values ranging from 9.9 to 14.8% and 17.8 to 25.2%, respectively. The CERES-Maize and CROPGRO-Soybean crop system models in the DSSAT simulated corn and soybean yields with n-RMSE values ranging from 4.3 to 14.0%. It was concluded that the DSSAT v4.5 model can be a useful tool for simulating near-surface soil water content, cumulative tile nitrate-N losses, and corn and soybean yields associated with CDS and TD water management systems.  相似文献   

17.
农田水盐运移与作物生长对亏水滴灌的响应和模拟研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
薄丽媛  赵引  毛晓敏  陈帅 《农业机械学报》2021,52(1):248-255，237
为探究西北干旱地区农田水盐运移与作物生长对亏水滴灌的响应以及层状土壤中水分溶质运移和作物生长耦合模型(Layered soil water-solute transport and crop growth model,LAWSTAC)的适用性,设置3种水分处理W100、W70、W40,分别表示灌溉需水量的100%、70%和40%,于2018年在农业农村部作物高效用水武威科学观测实验站进行了大田试验。结果表明:在制种玉米生长苗期,单次灌水后,浅层(0~20 cm)土壤含盐量降低;经全生育期灌溉后,灌水量越大,浅层脱盐和深层积盐现象越明显。3种水分处理下灌水量越多的处理,制种玉米叶面积指数(LAI)和最终地上生物量越高,作物长势越好。LAWSTAC模型能较好地模拟农田水盐运移和制种玉米的生长过程;各处理LAI模拟值与实测值之间的决定系数R^2均为0.99,RMSE为0.20~0.87 cm^2/cm^2;各处理地上生物量的模拟值与实测值的R^2均为0.99,RMSE为1.62~3.57 t/hm^2,说明LAWSTAC模型可以较为准确地模拟制种玉米LAI、地上生物量的动态变化。0~80 cm土层贮水量的模拟结果表明,各处理R^2为0.41~0.61,RMSE为12~21 mm;0~80 cm土壤盐分质量浓度的模拟结果表明,各处理R^2为0.53~0.60,RMSE为1.37~2.56 g/L,效果较好。因此,LAWSTAC模型可为当地复杂土壤条件的农田进行生产力的初步预测与评估。  相似文献   

18.
【目的】探讨不同生育期干旱胁迫对设施栽培葡萄水分利用效率、产量和品质的影响。【方法】在甘肃省永登县设施葡萄试验基地开展了葡萄滴灌不同生育期水分调控田间灌溉试验,在葡萄新梢生长、开花、果实膨大、着色成熟期分别以55%田间持水率(θ_f)为灌水下限的干旱胁迫处理,依次为新梢生长期干旱胁迫(PS)、开花期干旱胁迫(FS)、果实膨大期干旱胁迫(ES)、着色成熟期干旱胁迫(CS),其他生育期灌水下限均为75%θ_f;全生育期以75%θ_f为灌水下限的处理为(CK)充分供水,研究了不同处理对葡萄粒径膨大速率、产量、水分利用效率(water use efficiency,WUE)以及品质的影响。【结果】新梢生长期干旱胁迫处理能抑制葡萄粒径膨大,但不会影响其生长的"双S"变化规律,且复水后粒径恢复生长并出现复水补偿效应;横、纵径在膨大期后14 d左右和52 d左右时达到膨大高峰,且第1次膨大高峰时的膨大速率远大于第2次的;新梢期和着色成熟期干旱胁迫较对照依次增产44.6%、42.5%,WUE依次提高71%、57%,果实膨大期干旱胁迫较CK可减产9.7%,WUE降低1.2%;新梢生长期、开花期和果实膨大期干旱胁迫单穂质量、单粒质量均显著(P<0.05)高于CK,开花期干旱胁迫花青素量显著(P<0.05)高于CK,着色成熟期干旱胁迫果糖、蔗糖、葡萄糖、可溶性固形物量显著(P<0.05)高于CK,并可抑制葡萄果实可滴定酸的积累;隶属函数综合分析表明,着色成熟期干旱胁迫葡萄产量和品质最优。【结论】着色成熟期干旱胁迫为当地设施栽培葡萄最佳的水分调控处理,可达到节水和提高葡萄果实产量和品质的生产效果,其水分调控模式为:土壤含水率为田间持水率的55%～80%,灌水定额为270 m~3/hm~2。  相似文献   

19.
间作模式下玉米干旱胁迫响应研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
【目的】为了在干旱地区建立玉米大豆间作模式的节水灌溉制度,在大型防雨棚中针对玉米大豆间作模式下的玉米生长情况进行干旱胁迫研究。【方法】设置3个土壤相对含水率,进行玉米和大豆间作种植试验,通过分析玉米叶片叶绿素量、生长特性、产量等因素,研究了不同生育时期干旱胁迫对玉米生长的主要影响以及玉米和大豆之间的水分竞争情况。【结果】前期适当的干旱使玉米的株高和茎粗分别增加了6.24%、7.83%,对玉米叶绿素量积累也是有利的;在玉米生长旺盛时期,干旱导致玉米产量下降,适当干旱区域水分利用效率最大为1.39%。【结论】玉米在拔节—灌浆期对水分最敏感,在此阶段玉米和大豆对水分的竞争模式也最为复杂,在出苗中后期,适当干旱有利于玉米后期发育。  相似文献   

20.
A field experiment was conducted for 3 years to evaluate the effect of deficit irrigation under different soil management practices on biomass production, grain yield, yield components and water productivity of spring wheat (Triticum estivum L.). Soil management practices consisted of tillage (conventional and deep tillage) and Farmyard manure (0 and 10 t ha?1 FYM). Line source sprinkler laterals were used to generate one full- (ETm) and four deficit irrigation treatments that were 88, 75, 62 and 46 % of ETm, and designated as ETd1, ETd2, ETd3, and ETd4. Deep tillage significantly enhanced grain yield (14–18 %) and water productivity (1.27–1.34 kg m?3) over conventional tillage. Similarly, application of FYM at 10 t ha?1 significantly improved grain yield (10–13 %) and water productivity (1.25–1.31 kg m?3) in comparison with no FYM. Grain yield response to irrigation varied significantly (5,281–2,704 kg ha?1) due to differences in soil water contents. Water productivity varied from 1.05 to 1.34 kg m?3, among the treatments in 3 years. The interactive effect of irrigation × tillage practices and irrigation × FYM on grain yield was significant. Yield performance proved that deficit irrigation (ETd2) subjected to 75 % soil water deficit had the smallest yield decline with significant water saving would be the most appropriate irrigation level for wheat production in arid regions.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号