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1.
The influences of seed molybdenum (Mo) and application of Mo on nitrate reductase activity(NRA) in seedling stage, shoot dry matter in stem elongation stage, and grain yields in harvesting stage were compared among 35 winter wheat cultivars grown on acid yellow brown earths. Seedling NRA was significantly and positively correlated with seed Mo content regardless of further molybdenum application. The correlation of both shoot dry matter in stem elongation stage and grain yields to seed Mo content were also significant in a much less degree under Mo deficiency, but not after molybdenum application. Molybdenum application significantly increased seedling NRA, shoot dry matter in stem elongation stage and grain yields for most cultivars. There were no obvious relationships between molybdenum efficiency ratios and seed molybdenum content. These showed that seed Mo was very important for plant growth, but it was not sufficient to complete the whole life of plant. Therefore, Mo must be applied in order to get satisfactory grain yields from most cultivars. However, a high Mo efficiency genotype (97003) was promising to adapt to Mo deficient soils without added Mo. 相似文献
2.
外源氯处理对向日葵幼苗生长、养分吸收及植株硝态氮含量的影响 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
通过水培试验,研究了不同水平外源氯处理对向日葵(Helianthus.annuus)幼苗生长、干物质积累、Cl-、NO3-、全N、全P、全K含量的影响。结果表明,不同浓度外源氯(Cl-6.253～00.mmol/L)处理8.d,油葵幼苗的茎生长速率均显著下降,外源Cl-浓度越大,生长下降越显著。Cl-6.252～5.mmol/L处理8.d,油葵幼苗干物质积累速率极显著高于对照,Cl-25、50.mmol/L处理,油葵幼苗的干物质积累速率与对照差异不显著;而Cl-2003～00.mmol/L处理的幼苗干物质积累极显著下降。Cl-处理下,植株体内氯含量极显著上升,而叶片中硝酸盐含量显著下降,其中以Cl-50.mmol/L处理的叶片硝酸盐含量最低。Cl-6.251～00.mmol/L处理,油葵幼苗茎、叶全N、全P含量与对照差异不显著;Cl-200.mmol/L处理下,叶、茎全N含量显著下降,而根系全N、全P含量随Cl-处理的增加而增加。随着Cl-浓度处理的提高,油葵幼苗根、茎、叶的全K含量增加,其中以根、茎增加较快。因此,一定范围的外源氯处理,不影响向日葵生物量甚至促进生物量积累的同时,也可明显的提高向日葵幼苗的氮素利用效率。 相似文献
3.
The effect of canola (Brassica napus L.) seed germination under illuminated and dark environments on the total concentration and the composition of tocopherols and phytosterols in seedlings and extracted oil were investigated. During the first 10 days of germination, a decrease in gamma-tocopherol was offset by an increase in alpha-tocopherol, indicating the interconversion of these isomers. From day 10 to day 20 under illumination, there was a net increase in alpha-tocopherol and total tocopherols suggesting the synthesis of new tocopherols, whereas there was no net increase in tocopherols in dark. Tocopherols were mainly concentrated in the leafy seedling tops rather than in the non-photosynthesizing bottoms, whereas phytosterols were equally distributed across both sections. The total tocopherol content of oil extracted from 20-day-old seedlings was 4.3- to 6.5-fold higher than that of intact seeds. On a dry seedling basis, the content and composition of phytosterols did not change significantly (p > 0.05) over the sprouting period, but the concentration of total phytosterols in the oil fraction increased 4.2- to 5.2-fold. The concentration of these valuable phytochemicals in the oil fraction is largely due to the depletion of oil reserves during germination, as well as the de novo synthesis of new alpha-tocopherol stimulated by the presence of light. Germination may represent a viable means to naturally concentrate these high-value constituents in canola oil, offering improvements in oil quality based on the nutritional value and oxidative protection offered by tocopherols and the health benefits provided by both tocopherols and phytosterols. 相似文献
4.
种子钼对冬小麦硝酸还原酶活性、干物质重及产量的影响 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8
在酸性黄棕壤上 ,研究了种子钼对冬小麦幼苗NRA(硝酸还原酶活性 )、拔节期地上部干物质重和小麦子粒产量的影响。结果表明 ,不管施钼与否 ,苗期NRA与种子钼含量呈极显著正相关。拔节期地上部干物质重与种子钼含量呈极显著正相关 ,但施钼以后无明显相关性。小麦子粒产量与种子钼含量无显著相关性。种子钼处理 (种子钼加土壤有效钼 )对大多数品种的幼苗NRA、拔节期干物质重和子粒产量 ,均比施钼处理极显著降低。这些表明 ,种子钼对植物体的生长有一定作用 ,但不足以保证冬小麦正常生长发育并获得高产。因此 ,在施钼是在缺钼土壤上矫正缺钼、促进冬小麦生长发育、获得高产的必要措施之一。 相似文献
5.
高温胁迫下水稻氨基酸态氮与铵态氮营养效应研究 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
在高温胁迫无菌砂培条件下对无机氮 (硫酸铵 )、有机氮 (甘氨酸 ,谷氨酸和赖氨酸 )和缺氮 (对照 )培养的水稻植株干物重、总氮量及其根、叶谷草转氨酶 (GOT)和谷丙转氨酶 (GPT)活性作了研究。结果表明 ,有机、无机氮均被水稻吸收 ,且吸收量相当。低浓度无机氮 (N 10mg/L)或有机氮培养 2 0d后的水稻植株总氮量比对照的高 50%以上 ;无机氮培养的植株干物重显著低于有机氮培养和对照 ,表明植株受NH4+毒害。培养 15d后 ,多数有机氮培养的植株根或叶GOT或GPT活性显著高于对照 ,但根、叶间有较大差别 ;而无机氮培养的植株根GOT及根、叶GPT活性是对照的 2倍或以上。高浓度无机氮 (N 500mg/L)处理 6h后稻株根、叶GPT活性分别是对照的2.5和4倍 ,而高浓度甘氨酸 ,谷氨酸和赖氨酸态氮 (N 500mg /L)处理 6h后 ,根、叶GPT活性分别是对照的 5.7、9.4、1.9倍及1.8、2.3、1.4倍。 相似文献
6.
Mukkram Ali Tahir Muhammad Farooq Ghulam Sarwar 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(3):247-256
We investigated the effect of exogenously applied silicon (Si) on the growth and physiological attributes of wheat grown under sodium chloride salinity stress in two independent experiments. In the first experiment, two wheat genotypes SARC-3 (salt tolerant) and Auqab 2000 (salt sensitive) were grown in nutrient solution containing 0 and 100 mM sodium chloride supplemented with 2 mM Si or not. Salinity stress substantially reduced shoot and root dry matter in both genotypes; nonetheless, reduction in shoot dry weight was (2.6-fold) lower in SARC-3 than in Auqab 2000 (5-fold). Application of Si increased shoot and root dry weight and plant water contents in both normal and saline conditions. Shoot Na+ and Na+:K+ ratio also decreased with Si application under stress conditions. In the second experiment, both genotypes were grown in normal nutrient solution with and without 2 mM Si. After 12 days, seedlings were transferred to 1-l plastic pots and 150 mM sodium chloride salinity stress was imposed for 10 days to all pots. Shoot growth, chlorophyll content and membrane permeability were improved by Si application. Improved growth of salt-stressed wheat by Si application was mainly attributed to improved plant water contents in shoots, chlorophyll content, decreased Na+ and increased K+ concentrations in shoots as well as maintained membrane permeability. 相似文献
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8.
黄瓜幼苗干物质积累、膨压及光合速率对铵态氮和硝态氮的响应 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用溶液培养方法,研究了氮素形态及水平对黄瓜干物质积累、膨压及光合速率的影响。结果表明,同一氮素水平时,NO3--N处理黄瓜干物质重量、叶片面积、叶片含水量、水势、膨压等均高于NH4+-N处理。低水平NH4+-N(5mmol/L)对黄瓜光合速率影响不大,甚至高于同水平NO3--N处理的,叶片面积稍有减小;高水平NH4+-N不仅显著抑制黄瓜干物质的积累,叶片面积仅是同水平NO3--N处理的12.7%,最小光合速率（Pn）为CO2 1.6mol/（m2·s）,仅为同水平NO3--N处理的10%左右。NH4+-N处理引起黄瓜叶片面积的减小与叶片膨压降低相关性较大,相关系数为0.98;膨压与叶片水势直接相关,而渗透势对此影响不大。高水平NO3--N对黄瓜产生了渗透胁迫,抑制黄瓜生长,表现在渗透调节物质的大量积累。不同黄瓜品种对氮素形态及水平响应差异较大,所有处理中新泰密刺长势均好于吉尼罗。低水平的NH4+-N对黄瓜干物质的积累影响不大,高水平则明显抑制其生长。说明高浓度铵态氮对植物产生了毒害,而高浓度的硝态氮则是渗透胁迫。 相似文献
9.
不同供磷水平对玉米干物质和磷动态积累及分配的影响 总被引：26，自引：3，他引：26
采用田间试验研究了不同供磷水平对玉米干物质和磷动态积累、分配规律及磷肥效率的影响。结果表明,施磷增加玉米茎、叶、穗轴、子粒和整株干重及磷含量,降低磷肥表观利用率、农学效率和生理利用率。随生长推进,不同供磷水平的子粒和整株干重及磷含量不断增加直到成熟,其余器官干重和磷积累峰值出现时间早晚不同;生长后期,子粒成为唯一的库器官,茎、叶、根,甚至穗轴均成为源,有一部分光合产物和磷输出,被重新分配到子粒。出苗后79～100 d,各供磷水平下的子粒干重净增量是相应出苗后58～79 d的0.75～1.02倍;前者子粒磷净增量是相应后者的1.56～2.39倍,说明光合产物和磷向子粒中运输不是同步的过程。同一取样时期,随施磷量增加,各器官的干重和磷含量增加,以施P2O5 90 kg/hm2最好,产量达11231.6 kg/hm2,原因是该处理的玉米穗长、行粒数和单株粒重显著增加,禿尖长度显著减少。 相似文献
10.
Zinc‐biofortified seeds improved seedling growth under zinc deficiency and drought stress in durum wheat
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下载免费PDF全文 High zinc (Zn) concentration of seeds has beneficial effects both on seed vigor and human nutrition. This study investigated the effect of Zn biofortification on growth of young durum wheat (Triticum durum cv. Yelken) seedlings under varied Zn and water supply. The seeds differing in Zn concentrations were obtained by spraying ZnSO4 to durum wheat plants at different rates under field conditions. Three groups of seeds were obtained with the following Zn concentrations: 9, 20, and 50 mg Zn kg?1. The seeds differing in Zn were tested for germination rate, seedling height, shoot dry matter production, and shoot Zn concentration under limited and well irrigated conditions in a Zn‐deficient soil with and without Zn application. In an additional experiment carried out in solution culture, root and shoot growth and superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) of seedlings were studied under low and adequate Zn supply. Low seed Zn concentration resulted in significant decreases in seedling height both in Zn‐deficient and sufficient soil, but more clearly under water‐limited soil condition. Decrease in seed germination due to low seed Zn was also more evident under limited water supply. Increasing seed Zn concentration significantly restored impairments in seedling development. Drought‐induced decrease in seedling growth at a given seed Zn concentration was much higher when soil was Zn‐deficient. Increasing seed Zn concentration also significantly improved SOD activity in seedlings grown under low Zn supply, but not under adequate Zn supply. The results suggest that using Zn‐biofortified seeds assures better seed vigor and seedling growth, particularly when Zn and water are limited in the growth medium. The role of a higher antioxidative potential (i.e., higher SOD activity) is discussed as a possible major factor in better germination and development of seedlings resulting from Zn‐biofortified seeds. 相似文献
11.
以番茄品种“金粉五号”为试材,于2016年4?9月在南京信息工程大学利用人工气候箱进行试验,设置温度为41℃（昼温）/18℃（夜温）,空气相对湿度（白天）分别设置为50%、70%和90%（正负误差控制在5个百分点）,并以28℃/18℃、45%～55%为对照处理（CK）,测定不同处理对植株各器官营养物质及干物质分配的影响。结果表明：（1）高温条件下,番茄幼苗各器官的可溶性糖和游离氨基酸含量均显著高于正常温湿度条件下（CK）,而蛋白质含量则显著低于CK（P<0.05）;从不同空气湿度处理来看,增加湿度至70%以上时幼苗各器官可溶性糖含量降低,且湿度越高其含量越低,处理间差异显著（P<0.05）;而游离氨基酸和可溶性蛋白含量表现为,随着空气相对湿度的增大,番茄幼苗各器官的游离氨基酸和可溶性蛋白含量明显上升。（2）高温条件下番茄幼苗叶片干物质分配比例增加,茎秆和根系干物质分配比例均降低,且湿度越低,其分配比例与CK差距越大,在50%湿度处理下,幼苗茎秆和根系干物质分配比例显著降低（P<0.05）,对植株生长极为不利。（3）在高温胁迫解除后,70%和90%湿度处理的幼苗有更高的恢复能力,在恢复处理的第12天植株营养物质含量和干物质分配比例基本恢复至CK水平。说明41℃高温环境中增加空气湿度至70%以上有效提高了番茄植株的耐热性和胁迫解除后的恢复能力。 相似文献
12.
一氧化氮对NaCl胁迫下苜蓿种子萌发的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以甘农4号、阿尔冈金2个品种苜蓿为材料,用一氧化氮(NO)供体硝普钠、NO 清除剂c-PTIO、一氧化氮合酶抑制剂N-硝基-L-精氨酸甲脂、硝酸还原酶抑制剂钨酸钾及硝普钠类似物亚铁氰化钠(不产生NO)处理苜蓿种子,研究NO对盐胁迫下苜蓿种子萌发的生理效应。结果表明,盐胁迫显著抑制了2个苜蓿品种的发芽率、胚芽和胚根长及幼苗干重(P<0.05),降低种子萌发过程中α、β-淀粉酶、蛋白水解酶活性,抑制淀粉水解和可溶性糖积累(P<0.05);盐胁迫下添加外源NO则使2个品种苜蓿α、β-淀粉酶、蛋白水解酶活性、种子发芽率显著提高(P<0.05),淀粉含量降低,可溶性糖含量升高、胚芽和胚根长及幼苗干重显著增加(P<0.05);NO 供体SNP 的类似物亚铁氰化钠对盐胁迫下苜蓿种子萌发的各项指标无明显影响;施用NO 清除剂c-PTIO、硝酸还原酶抑制剂钨酸钾和一氧化氮合酶抑制剂N-硝基-L-精氨酸甲脂具有降低苜蓿种子萌发的效应(P<0.05)。因此,盐胁迫抑制苜蓿种子的萌发,而添加外源NO是缓解这种抑制作用的有效途径,内源NO也可能参与盐胁迫下苜蓿种子萌发的调节,且通过NOS和NR途径产生的NO在缓解盐胁迫抑制苜蓿种子萌发中可能起关键作用。 相似文献
13.
增铵营养对低温胁迫下棉花幼苗氮代谢的影响 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5
【目的】探明增铵营养提高棉花幼苗抗低温胁迫能力的机制。【方法】以棉花新陆早13号为供试品种,在人工气候室内模拟不同温度处理（15℃和25℃）,研究了不同铵硝态氮配比（NH4+-N/NO3--N分别为0/100、25/75、50/50、75/25、100/0）对低温（15℃）胁迫下棉花苗期生长、氮素吸收量及氮代谢相关酶活性的影响。【结果】常温条件（25℃）下,较单一铵、硝营养,铵硝混合营养显著提高棉苗各器官的生物量,地上部和根系干物质量在NH4+-N/NO3--N比为50/50处理时最大,单一铵营养处理时最小;对棉苗生物量的影响效果表现出铵硝混合营养处理优于单一铵、硝营养处理。低温胁迫（15℃）后棉苗各器官生物量减小,且差异显著。常温和低温条件下,随着营养液中NH4+-N比例增加,棉苗全氮含量逐渐递增,氮素吸收量先升后降;棉苗根系、茎秆及叶柄内硝态氮含量呈明显降低趋势;棉花幼苗叶片NR活性明显减小,相反,GS和GOGAT活性则极显著提高。常温处理下棉苗各器官的氮素累积量显著高于低温胁迫处理,低温抑制了棉苗对硝态氮的吸收,降低NR、GS和GOGAT活性。【结论】低温胁迫下,增铵营养可显著提高氮素养分含量,促进棉苗生长,同时通过提高GS、GOGAT等氮代谢相关酶活性,维持氮代谢平衡,增强棉花幼苗对低温的抗性。 相似文献
14.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(9):1009-1018
Abstract Winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) (L.) DC) seedlings of the accession TPT‐1, were grown in a greenhouse with graded, balanced total soluble salt (TSS) concentrations. After 4.5 days, plant height increased quadratically, with a maximum (149 cm) at 3000 ppm TSS. Seedlings were shortest at 1000 and 10,000 ppm TSS, 44.0 and 79.0 cm, respectively. Fresh weight of shoots increased quadratically with greatest weight, 29.03 g, at 5000 ppm TSS. Percent dry matter increased linearly with increasing TSS. Concentration of N, K and P increased quadratically with an increase in the TSS concentration in the growth medium. Concentration of Ca decreased quadratically with increasing TSS. Among the micronutrients, Fe and Mo concentration was quadratic, both elements were highest in the seedlings at 1000 and 10,000 ppm TSS rates. Concentrations of Mn and Zn increased linearly with increasing TSS. Winged bean seedlings at the 1000 to 3000 ppm TSS rates had spindly stems and a sparse, yellow foliage, typical for winged bean seedlings observed in the field during the first 4 to 5 weeks of growth. Seedlings at the 4000 and 5000 ppm TSS rates had sturdy stems and an abundant green foliage. At higher TSS concentrations, 5000 to 10,000 ppm TSS, seedlings had short intermodes and dark green foliage. 相似文献
15.
Deep seeding of wheat, a common practice when soil moisture is deficient, causes poor seedling emergence and stand establishment. We investigated whether increasing seed protein content by nitrogen fertilization of parental plants might increase emergence rate and vigor of winter wheat seedlings from deep‐planted seeds. Four seeding depths, three cultivars, and three seed protein contents were compared in different soil mixtures and fertility regimes. Under all treatments, emergence rate and dry weight of seedlings markedly decreased as seeding depth was increased. Increasing protein content of seeds sometimes, but not always, increased seedling emergence rate and commonly increased seedling dry weight regardless of soil mixture or fertility regime. Differences were greatest at 4.8‐ and 12‐cm seeding depths; seedlings failed to emerge from 16‐cm depth under any treatments. We concluded that increasing seed protein content by nitrogen fertilization of parent plants is an economic and efficacious method of enhancing wheat establishment when seed must be deeply planted. 相似文献
16.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(17-18):3043-3049
Abstract Boron (B) deficiency symptoms, dry matter production, and B critical values in sesame (Sesamun indicum L.) were investigated in a greenhouse experiment. Boron deficiency showed a yellowing of plant tops and of the youngest leaves. Upper leaves became dark green, coriaceous, with edges curved down. Boron‐deficiency symptoms was related to 21 μg B/g in the 30‐day‐old youngest fully expanded leaf. Dry matter production of leaves, stems, pods, and roots were severely decreased when B in the leaf tissue was below 21 μg/g; however seed dry weight and seed oil content were associated to less than 39 μg/g of B in the leaf tissue. 相似文献
17.
Mulches can alter plant growth by changing the soil environment, but their effects on mineral uptake in grain sorghum are unknown. A 3‐year study was conducted to measure nutrient uptake in plants grown under 0, 2200, 4400, and 8800 kg/ha mulch. Plants were irrigated to insure that moisture was not limiting. Dry‐matter production, total mineral uptake and concentrations were determined at 7‐ to 9‐leaf, late boot, soft dough, and physiological maturity growth stages. Mulches altered sorghum growth by delaying plant maturity and by increasing dry‐matter yields. Nutrient uptake increased with increased dry‐matter production although elemental concentrations declined. Hybrid reaction to mineral uptake was dependent on the specific environment created by the mulch. Hybrids did not respond the same to given mulch rates each year. Management considerations for soil fertility under mulch conditions should be made on the basis of expected dry‐matter yields for the specific environment. 相似文献
18.
Xuefeng Shen Zhaohu Li Liusheng Duan A. Egrinya Eneji Jianmin Li 《Journal of plant nutrition》2014,37(6):828-836
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of silicon (Si) on soybean seedlings under (combined) drought and ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation stresses. Specifically, we determined dry matter accumulation and partitioning of the mineral elements in different organs of soybean seedlings using the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The amount of dry matter accumulated in root, stem, and leaf of seedlings treated with (combined) drought and UV-B radiation stresses were lower than that of the control. Also, the content of macroelements in seedlings under the combined stress was lower than in those under control conditions. Changes in the contents of microelements varied according to the intensity of drought, UV-B radiation, and the organs of soybean. The relationship between the contents of mineral elements and the accumulation of dry matter also varied similarly. These results demonstrated that drought and UV-B radiation induced an alteration in the distribution of mineral elements in root, stem and leaf, leading to decreases in dry matter accumulation and inhibition of soybean growth. 相似文献
19.
盐胁迫对黑麦草幼苗生长的影响及磷肥的缓解作用 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
采用盆栽试验和生理生化分析方法研究了盐胁迫对黑麦草幼苗生长的影响以及施用磷肥(过磷酸钙)对盐胁迫下黑麦草幼苗生长的缓解作用。结果表明,盐胁迫下黑麦草幼苗干物质积累下降;增施磷肥能促进黑麦草幼苗生长,增加干物质积累,增强黑麦草对Na+、K+吸收的选择性,促进K+的吸收和向叶片运输;能提高叶片叶绿素含量,增强叶片净光合速率和气孔导度,增加可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖及脯氨酸含量,从而增强黑麦草幼苗对盐胁迫的适应能力。 相似文献
20.
The critical Na levels in soil which restricted seed germination and growth of radish, and effect of the amending materials on reducing the salinity hazard were determined by performing petri dish and pot experiments. The plants were grown in amended salinized soil in a phytotron for 21 days. Excess accumulation of Na in cells suppressed seed germination and plant growth. The critical Na level in control soil which restricted germination and growth was 12.5mg Na/g soil. At the same salinity level, amending materials promoted seed germination and plant growth mainly by inhibiting the excess flow of Na into the cell through ion holding mechanism. Among the materials used, the commercial manure of 4 months old held greater amount of Na(3.7mg/g) and thus more efficiently reduced the ion damage. Plants grown under such treatment had the highest dry matter yield (28.Gmg/plant), water content was normal(84%), and the ratio for Na in root to Na in plant's shoot was 2.4. As for the case of plant grown in control soil the respective data were 8. 5mg, 54%, and 4.8. 相似文献