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1.
Since bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV), known as bovine lentivirus, has been detected in dairy and beef cattle in various countries around the world, a prevalence study of antibodies to BIV and bovine leukemia virus (BLV) was conducted in draught animals in five provinces in Cambodia, where protozoan parasite infections were suspected in some animals. To clarify the status of draught animals including Haryana, Brahman, mixed-breed, local breed cattle and muscle water buffaloes, a total of 544 cattle and 42 buffaloes were tested, and 26.3 and 16.7%, respectively, were found positive for anti-BIV p26 antibodies determined by Western blotting. There were 5.3% positive for anti-BLV antibodies detected by immunodiffusion test among the cattle, but no reactors among buffaloes and no dual infection for both BIV and BLV was determined in this study. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from BIV-seropositive cattle were found to have BIV-provirus DNA, as detected by polymerase chain reaction and subsequent Southern blot hybridization. This is the first evidence for the presence of BIV and BLV infections in draught animals in tropical countries such as Cambodia. This wide distribution of BIV suggests its association with problems in animal health as reported worldwide, and that a primary BIV infection can predispose death of affected animals by other aggressive pathogens or stresses.  相似文献   

2.
A seroepidemiological study of bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) and bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infections was conducted in four different cattle herds in Turkey. A total of 300 blood samples were analyzed and 12.3% were found to be positive for anti-BIV p26 antibodies by Western blot analysis and 1.6% positive for anti-BLV gp51 antibodies by an immunodiffusion test. BIV infection was confirmed with the detection of BIV-provirus DNA using the nested polymerase chain reaction. This is the first evidence for the presence of BIV in cattle in Turkey.  相似文献   

3.
We report herein on the first evidence for the presence of bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) in Zambia. Serological surveillance of BIV and bovine leukemia virus (BLV) was conducted in traditional cattle herds in Zambia. Out of a total of 262 sera analyzed, 11.4% were found positive for anti-BIV p26 antibodies as determined by Western blot analysis, while 5.0% were positive for anti-BLV gp51 antibodies as detected by immunodiffusion test. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from BIV seropositive cattle were found to have BIV-provirus DNA, as detected by nested polymerase chain reaction. A nucleotide sequence corresponding to a 298 bp fragment of the BIV pol gene was also analyzed. Amino acid sequences of these Zambian pol gene products showed 98.0 to 100% homology to the American strain BIV R29, 97.0 to 99.0% to Japanese BIV isolates, and divergence ranged from 0.0 to 2.0% among Zambian BIV isolates.  相似文献   

4.
Data on the worldwide distribution of bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) and bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is limited. A prevalence study of antibodies to BIV and BLV was conducted in six different cattle herds in Brazil. Out of a total of 238 sera analyzed, 11.7% were found positive for anti-BIV p26 antibodies as determined by Western blot analysis, 2.1% were positive for anti-BLV gp51 antibodies as detected by immunodiffusion test. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from BIV seropositive cattle were found to have BIV-provirus DNA, as detected by nested polymerase chain reaction. A nucleotide sequence corresponding to a 298 bp fragment of the BIV pol gene was also analyzed. Amino acid sequences of these Brazilian pol gene products showed 98.0 to 100% homology to the American strain BIV R29, 97.0 to 99.0% to Japanese BIV isolates, and divergence ranged from 0 to 4.0% among Brazilian BIV isolates. This evidence of the presence of BIV and BLV infections in Brazil should be considered a health risk to Brazilian cattle populations and a potential causative agent of chronic disease in cattle.  相似文献   

5.
Serological survey of bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) and bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection was conducted in dairy cattle from 10 different regions of Hokkaido, Japan. Among 390 cattle, 11.0% of cattle were BIV-seropositive and 3.3% were BLV-seropositive. Moreover, in two dairy farms, where bovine leukosis has been reported, prevalence of BIV infections were 6.4 and 9.1%, respectively. In contrast, among 150 beef cattle, 16.6% were BIV-seropositive while none was BLV-seropositive. Dual infections with BLV and BIV in dairy cattle were tested by using 107 BLV-seropositive sera, and 20 sera were found BIV-positive (18.7%). These results indicate that BIV infection was widespread in Hokkaido.  相似文献   

6.
A seroprevalence study of bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) was undertaken on 1,541 serum samples from Holstein cattle from 23 herds, located in different geographical regions of Poland. The analysis was performed using ELISA, with recombinant Gag protein of BIV as antigen. The average BIV prevalence was 4.9% in individual cattle, while the percentage of herds harboring at least one seropositive animal, was 82.6%. To demonstrate the correlation of BIV and bovine leukemia virus infection, all sera were analysed for BLV antibodies and there was only a slight association between both infections. Overall, these results show that BIV infection is present in dairy cattle in Poland at a prevalence rate found in other European countries.  相似文献   

7.
To determine the prevalence of single vs. dual infection with bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) and bovine leukemia virus (BLV), sera (n = 95) from a dairy cattle herd were analyzed for anti-BIV and anti-BLV antibodies by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Twenty-one percent (20/95) of samples were BIV-seropositive, while 52% (49/95) of the same samples were BLV-seropositive. A significantly greater percentage of BIV-seronegative samples were BLV-seropositive, 57% (43/75), than were BIV-seropositive samples, 30% (6/20). There was no significant correlation between data ranked from least to greatest amount of anti-viral antibody. Five cattle had persistent lymphocytosis (PL); all five were BLV-seropositive and two were BIV-positive. The mean anti-BLV titer was significantly greater in PL cattle, as compared at non-PL cattle, whereas there was no significant difference between the mean anti-BIV titer in PL cattle, as compared with non-PL cattle. These results provide additional information on the seroprevalence of naturally occurring BIV infection, and indicate that BIV can exist independent of other common infectious agents, such as BLV. Further, the results suggest that infection with BIV is not associated with an increased rate of infection with other infectious agents such as BLV.  相似文献   

8.
Infection of bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV), a lentivirus, is thought to sporadically occur throughout the world, but seroepidemiological surveys concerning the incidence of BIV are limited and have not been undertaken in Korea. A total of 266 sera from different twenty dairy (Holstein) and twenty-six Korean native beef (Hanwoo) farms of the south-western part of Korea was analyzed for the presence of anti-BIV antibodies by Western blotting. Thirty five percent and 33% of dairy and beef cattle, respectively, were BIV-seropositive. By nested polymerase chain reaction, it was confirmed that these seropositive cows had provirus in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells. To demonstrate the correlation with BIV and bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection, these sera were also analyzed for anti-BLV antibodies by immunodiffusion test, resulting in high prevalence of BLV infection but relatively a few dual infections. We report herein the first serological detection of antibodies to BIV in Korea.  相似文献   

9.
We conducted a seroepidemiological survey for antibodies to bovine leukemia virus (BLV), by using agar gel immunodiffusion technique, in dairy cows, water buffaloes, and yellow cattle throughout Taiwan. The positive reactors were 8.4% (376/4,459) in 1985 and 5.8% (1,277/22,190) in 1986, in 15 prefectures and 7 cities. Relatively high infection rate appeared in the northern and southern areas of Taiwan. Positive reactors increased gradually with age. The incidence of positive antibodies was 2 to 3 times higher in pasture-style farms than in housed-style farms. Among the 6,313 imported cattle, 302 (4.8%) showed positive reaction. Between 1985 and 1987, 5 cattle showed enzootic bovine leukosis among 351 sero-positive reactors in four highly positive prefectures. Survey of 134 water buffaloes and yellow cattle showed no positive reactors. This survey demonstrated that BLV-infection has increased over the years and spread throughout Taiwan.  相似文献   

10.
We report herein on the first serological detection of antibodies to bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) in Italy. According to criteria of a stratified-random sampling of dairy cattle reared in the Parma area (a province in the Po Valley, Northern Italy), sera from 3166 cows belonging to 272 herds were collected. In addition, sera of 138 bulls from eight artificial-insemination (AI) centres were sampled. Seventy-eight cows (2.5%) from 16 herds (5.8%) and seven bulls (5.1%) from two AI centres were positive for BIV-R29 antibodies in the IFA-test. IFA-positive sera assayed by Western blot had reaction to different viral proteins: 81 out of 85 sera showed antibody to p26 (considered the BIV major internal core protein); four sera reacted to other viral proteins but not to p26. Peripheral blood leukocytes of 60 seropositive and 60 seronegative animals, belonging to eight BIV-infected herds, were enumerated to assess any effect of BIV infection on white-blood cells. No significant differences were detected between the two groups. These data indicate that BIV infection is present in Italian dairy cattle – but the role of BIV in inducing disease remains unclear.  相似文献   

11.
A six month-old sheep was entered into a control group in an experiment designed to study the effects of exposure to the bovine immunodeficiency-like virus (BIV). Anti-BIV antibodies were detected in the serum of this sheep prior to the start of the study; these antibodies persisted for 12 months at which time the animal was destroyed. The sheep was normal clinically and was grossly normal at postmortem examination. Blood from this sheep was inoculated into a recipient sheep which subsequently showed a transient anti-BIV antibody response beginning two months postinoculation. Sheep have been previously shown to produce anti-BIV antibodies after experimental inoculation with infected cell culture material or infected bovine blood and BIV infection was found in a sheep pastured with BIV-infected cattle. In the present case there was no contact with cattle; the source of the infection was not identified.  相似文献   

12.
Bovine antibovine immunodeficiency-like virus (BIV) antibodies were detected by Western blot analysis (WBA) using a chemiluminescence protocol. Bovine sera with anti-BIV activity, obtained from cows in two dairy herds, had antibodies directed against a variety of BIV-specific antigens indicating chronic infections. These sera were also tested for serological reactivity against bovine leukemia virus (BLV) and bovine syncytial virus (BSV). Cows most commonly had anti-BSV antibodies (12 of 39). Evidence for infection with BSV and BIV or BSV and BLV occurred with almost equal frequency (5 of 39 and 4 of 39, respectively) while only one instance of BIV and BLV coseropositivity was detected. The high prevalence of BSV seropositivity is consistent with a relatively infectious virus, which, as is known, may be transferred congenitally. Similar rates of coseropositivity of BIV or BLV with BSV in this population suggest that BIV is no more infectious than BLV and probably requires prolonged close contact for transmission. Seven of nine cows with anti-BIV antibodies detected primarily human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) p51 and p63 antigens by WBA using an alkaline phosphatase detection system, suggesting that HIV-1 proteins have potential usefulness in screening cattle for BIV seropositivity. Six human sera that showed strong reactivity against multiple HIV-1 proteins and the serum from one of three patients considered to be an "indeterminate" HIV-1 reactor, cross-reacted primarily with BIV p26. This is the first report of human sera with antibody to BIV-specific proteins.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

13.
Vertical transmission of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) and bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) was investigated in five dairy cattle herds in Hokkaido, where 36.1 and 17.0% of cattle were BLV and BIV seropositive, respectively, and 9.9% of dams were co-infected with both BIV and BLV. Twenty six cases of offspring born from dams infected with only BLV (17 cases) or with both BIV and BLV (9 cases) were examined for the presence of BLV and BIV before and after colostrum feeding by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and syncytium assay. After birth, all calves were separated immediately from their dams. The offspring born from BLV-positive dams were BLV-negative before colostrum feeding, suggesting that no transplacental transmission had occurred. Thereafter, these offspring were fed colostrum or milk from their dams, but still remained BLV-negative. The other offspring born from BLV-positive dams were fed with BLV-negative colostrum, or with pasteurized BLV-positive colostrum. All these calves remained negative for BLV infection, suggesting that in utero transmission of BLV is negligible. In the case of offspring born from dams co-infected with BLV and BIV, calves were BIV-positive before colostrum feeding at 1 day after the birth, indicating in utero transmission of BIV. After colostrum feeding from their dams, newborn calves became BLV-positive. In addition, one calf was BLV-positive even before colostrum feeding. These results suggest that BIV can be transmitted to offspring in utero, and that BLV can be transmitted through colostrum or milk if dams are infected with both BIV and BLV.  相似文献   

14.
Antibodies directed against two bovine lentiviruses, Jembrana disease virus (JDV) and bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV), were detected in Balinese cattle sera using two new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) based on the combination of capsid (CA) protein and transmembrane (TM) peptides derived from JDV or BIV sequences.

Twenty eight of the 77 sera tested on the JDV ELISA showed anti-JDV antibodies with an unequal distribution of seropositive animals throughout the different districts of Bali. Furthermore, when 17 of the JDV positive sera were tested on Western blot, using the same JDV CA antigen, only 13 were judged positive confirming that the ELISA was a more sensitive technique for the detection of seropositive animals. Finally, 9 of the 49 JDV seronegative animals showed anti-BIV antibodies when tested on BIV-specific ELISA.

These two ELISAs appeared to be highly sensitive for the detection of anti-JDV and anti-BIV antibodies. Moreover, for the first time, animals showing antibodies against BIV were identified on the main island of Bali and on the JDV-free Nusa Penida island.  相似文献   


15.
This is the first report of serological evidence for bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) infection in Argentina. The analysis was performed in 589 dairy bovine sera samples, applying indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA) using a synthetic antigen (transmembrane peptide, TM) and Immunofluorescent assay (IFA). In this study, 9 dairy herds from 4 Argentinian provinces were evaluated and 12% of the animals tested positive for BIV. Seven of the 9 herds tested were BIV seropositive and the percentage of BIV seropositive animals in the herds ranged from 2% to 42%. Direct detection of BIV provirus applying nested PCR was not conclusive. Antibody detection against bovine leukemia virus (BLV) in all sera was also performed applying immunodiffusion (ID) assay and 59% resulted seropositive. Statistical analysis of the results was carried out and possible evidence of association between BIV and BLV infection was considered. Future studies should be performed including local field isolates strains of BIV.  相似文献   

16.
New Zealand white rabbits, which had been prepared for inoculation by intraperitoneal treatment with thioglycollate, were inoculated intraperitoneally with bovine immunodeficiency-like virus (BIV). Infected materials from various sources were used including cultured cells and culture fluids, peripheral blood leukocytes from infected cattle and spleen tissue from previously infected rabbits. Virus isolations and serological responses detected by western blotting provided clear evidence that infections had been established in inoculated rabbits and that the spleen was an important site of BIV infectivity. These results indicate that rabbits may be a useful species when testing for BIV infectivity in materials too toxic or highly contaminated to be inoculated directly into cell cultures. Furthermore, rabbits may also be useful in testing effects of coinfections with other bovine viruses on progression of BIV infection and for the initial evaluation of therapeutic regimens designed to suppress or eliminate BIV infections.  相似文献   

17.
Prevalence of bovine leukemia virus infection in Florida   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
A serologic study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection in dairy and beef cattle in Florida. Using the agar gel immunodiffusion test with a glycoprotein antigen 47.8% of 7,768 dairy cattle and 6.7% of 4,911 beef cattle were found to have antibodies to BLV. The prevalence of BLV antibodies increased significantly (P less than 0.0001) with increasing age. After data were adjusted for age, prevalence of BLV antibodies was significantly associated with dairy breed (P less than 0.05) but not with species (Bos taurus and B indicus) or sex.  相似文献   

18.
When six cattle persistently infected with bovine virus diarrhoea virus (BVDV) were inoculated with lymphocytes infected with bovine leukosis virus (BLV), a depressed antibody response to BLV was observed by ELISA which was due to a decrease in IgG1 synthesis. The ELISA was more sensitive and more reliable than the agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test in detecting BLV infection in cattle persistently infected with BVDV. Decreased antibody responses were manifested in the AGID test by negative, inconclusive or weakly positive reactions: only two of the six cattle developed antibodies that generated positive AGID reactions.  相似文献   

19.
A chemiluminescence Western blot analysis (WBA) for detecting antibovine immunodeficiency-like virus (BIV) antibodies, had good repeatability. The test was subsequently applied to a bank of serum samples from 928 adult cows from 265 herds in Ontario; the number of cows sampled within each herd ranged from 1 to 13. The overall prevalence of anti-BIV antibodies among cows was 5.5% with a 95% confidence interval of 4.2% to 7.2%. In contrast, 18.1% of herds had at least one reactor among cows tested, resulting in a herd-prevalence confidence interval of 13.8% to 23.4%. These estimates of prevalence were in the same range as previous reports from the US and Europe. Bovine immunodeficiency-like virus may have a worldwide distribution. Unfortunately, BIV test sensitivity and specificity are difficult to estimate because virus isolation is inefficient. Therefore, the apparent prevalences could not be adjusted for test sensitivity and specificity, to estimate the true prevalence of infection. The serum samples had previously been tested for antibodies to bovine leukemia virus (BLV). There were no significant associations between BIV and BLV test results. Least squares regression was used to investigate potential associations between BIV test results and selected production indices.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

20.
We found the rate of bovine immunodeficiency-like virus (BIV) infection among bulls to be 9.6% using serology and 12.6% when tested by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of BIV provirus in peripheral blood leukocytes. Previously, we determined the frequency of BIV infection among the general dairy cow population in Ontario to be 5.5% based on serological analysis. Apparently, serological testing detects only 77% of BIV-infected bulls. Since almost a quarter of BIV-infected bulls may be seronegative, it is recommended that the PCR test be used to identify BIV-infected individuals. It is clear from the data presented here and supported by experimental studies that the latent carrier state is a relatively common outcome in ruminants infected with BIV.  相似文献   

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