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围封休闲对退化草地牧草影响的初探 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
本试验对河北北部低山丘陵区退化草地进行了围封休闲对草地群落产量、主要种种群产量、牧草营养物质含量及产量的研究。结果表明，围封第二年草地牧草群落产量有明显提高，退化之前占优势而在退化草地中处于次优势地位的牧草种群产量明显增加。当年围封草地牧草比头年围封草地牧草粗蛋白含量高，粗纤维含量低。但头年围封草地比当年围封草地各种营养物质产量显著增加。 相似文献
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夏秋人工草地剩余牧草收贮是云贵高原人工草地合理利用的关键措施之一,青贮是牧草收贮的切实可行的方案.牧草收贮可调节牧草供应季节平衡;促进牧草再生,提高草地产量,改善利用均匀度,控制杂草,防止草地退化;提高牧草利用率,减少牧草枯腐;提高牧草质量和消化率;减少冬春青绿饲料生产及精饲料供给量,降低生产成本;最终提高草地畜牧业的经济效益并实现可持续发展. 相似文献
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刈割对牧草影响的研究概况 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
适宜的刈割方式是牧草管理和利用的重要手段之一，能促进牧草的再生和分蘖（枝），提高牧草的产量和改善营养价值。不同的刈割方式（包括刈割时间、刈割次数、留茬高度）对牧草的生长、再生及牧草周围的环境都会产生不同影响。本文综述了刈割对牧草的生长、再生、草地群落结构、草地生产力及草地微环境的影响。 相似文献
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青海省牧草育种研究进展 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
青海境内有草地3 644.94万hm2,畜牧业是当地经济的主体,也是我国三大河流长江、黄河、澜沧江的涵养源。但长期受多种自然和人为因素影响,草地环境受到严重破坏,草原生产力大幅下降。多年来,为解决青海草地畜牧业生产中饲草种植、天然草地改良及栽培草地建设缺乏适宜草种这一问题,青海草原工作者进行了大量牧草品种选育及驯化研究,通过长年对牧草种质资源的收集及大量引种及当地野生草种的驯化试验,培育了一些适应当地种植的牧草品种,现有14种被国家牧草品种审定委员会登记为牧草新品种。文章回顾了青海省牧草种质资源利用及育种研究工作历史,介绍了牧草育种工作取得的成就及工作现状,并针对目前存在的问题提出了建议。 相似文献
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适宜的刈割方式是牧草管理和利用的重要手段之一,能促进牧草的再生和分蘖(枝),提高牧草的产量和改善营养价值。不同的刈割方式(包括刈割时间、刈割次数、留茬高度)对牧草的生长、再生及牧草周围的环境都会产生不同影响。本文综述了刈割对牧草的生长、再生、草地群落结构、草地生产力及草地微环境的影响。 相似文献
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基于PCA方法以牧草营养成分评判青海省海南州天然草地类型质量初探 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了科学评价天然草地类型及牧草饲料的质量,应用主成分分析法对青海省海南州天然草地各草地类型牧草饲料,在常规分析的基础上进行了综合质量评定和量化评估,通过对各天然草地类型牧草饲料品质主成分分析的综合得分进行对比,较为全面客观地评价天然草地各草地类型的优劣。结果表明：天然草地各类型中高寒草原类牧草饲料品质最好,其次是低平地草甸类、高寒草甸类、温性荒漠类、温性荒漠草原类、温性草原类。 相似文献
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利用测定资料及西德奥斯卡凯尔纳的预测能值公式,对青海天然草地3个主要草地类15个草地型的牧草能值,消化能,代谢能进行了预测分析。结果表明:以高山嵩草为优势种的草地牧草其TDN、DE、ME均较高,山地干草原类,高寒干草原类各草地型牧草DE、ME均较低。 相似文献
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禾本科与豆科牧草的混播,是人工草地建植的最主要方式之一,而了解其之间的种间互作机理,对于维持混播草地的持续稳定生产具有重要意义。本研究从光照、养分、水分和空间等资源方面展开探讨了禾草和豆科牧草在混播时所采取的不同生存策略,阐述了豆—禾混播草地草种之间的竞争与促进关系,分析了豆科牧草固氮和转氮能力的影响因素及深根系豆科牧草与浅根系禾草的共存机制,提出了可以通过混播建植技术、草地管理措施及草地利用方式避免或减弱混播草地豆禾牧草之间的竞争,以此提高混播草地的生产力并维持混播草地持久力和稳定性。 相似文献
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中国西北干旱草地生态区划分及宜栽牧草 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对我国西北地区干旱草地进行了广泛的调研,引种,驯化和成功繁育了国内外30余种适于西北地区干旱环境栽培的耐旱牧草,并对旱生、超旱生牧草的生态型进行了量化界定的基础上,根据地理位置、水热资源、植物群落、土壤类型及地表基质等4项指标,将我国西北干旱草地划分确定为高原、盆地极旱荒漠草地生态区;黄土高原干旱、半干旱草地生态区;青藏高原、黄土高原农牧交错带草地生态区和人工草地生态区,及各干旱草地生态区宜栽牧草。 相似文献
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高寒地区一年生牧草饲料作物引种评比试验 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9
通过对燕麦、大麦、黑麦、箭豌豆等 1 6种一年生牧草、饲料作物在河北坝上高寒地区进行引种、综合评比试验 ,结果表明 ,抽穗期刈割时 ,青永久 0 0 1燕麦最好 ,其次是巴燕 6号燕麦 (两茬 )、冬牧 70黑麦 (两茬 )、青永久 473燕麦。豆科牧草中 ,以西牧 32 4箭豌豆结荚期刈割为最好 ,其次是生长第一年的黄花草木樨。 相似文献
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高寒牧区的优质饲草—黄花苜蓿 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
黄花苜蓿是一种根系较发达的多年生豆科植物。１９８８年由内蒙引入皇城地区试种，试验观察的结果表明，该牧草抗寒、耐旱、适应性强，越冬成活率达４１．３％，粗蛋白质含量１９．３％，年产青草７４０５．５ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２，是目前高寒牧区人工草地建植和天然草地改良中较为理想的牧草品种之一。 相似文献
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为了研究甘南碌曲和合作地区冬夏季节高寒天然牧草的生产特性、营养成分和饲用价值,试验通过化学分析法结合牧草品质评定预测公式,采用对比试验设计,试验处理为4种来自甘南碌曲和合作的夏季和冬季牧草,分别记为碌曲夏季牧草、碌曲冬季牧草、合作夏季牧草、合作冬季牧草。结果表明,无论碌曲还是合作,夏季牧草粗蛋白(CP)、总磷(TP)含量和干物质采食量(DMI)、可消化干物质量(DDM)、粗饲料相对值(RFV)、有机物质消化率(OMD)以及产鲜草量总体上都显著高于冬季牧草(P<0.05),粗纤维(CF)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、纤维素(C)含量、钙磷比(Ca/TP)都显著低于冬季牧草(P<0.05)。合作冬季牧草的半纤维素(HC)、无氮浸出物(NFE)含量显著低于其他牧草(P<0.05),钙磷比(Ca/TP)、酸性洗涤木质素(ADL)含量显著高于碌曲牧草(P<0.05)。夏季时合作牧草干物质采食量(DMI)、粗饲料相对值(RFV)显著高于碌曲牧草(P<0.05)。这表明甘南高寒天然牧草的营养成分、生产特性、饲用价值夏季牧草明显优于冬季牧草,碌曲牧草优于合作牧草。 相似文献
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调亏灌溉对高寒荒漠区人工混播草地土壤环境与牧草生长的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对中国高寒荒漠草原区牧草种植模式单一、产量水平低下的草业畜牧业生产现状,探究更为有效的灌水模式以提高牧草产量,以实现区域水土资源高效利用。以燕麦和箭筈豌豆混播草地为研究对象,采用大田试验对比分析了7种调亏灌溉模式（拔节期轻度亏水BW1：65%~75%,拔节期中度亏水BW2：55%~65%,拔节期重度亏水BW3：45%~55%,开花期轻度亏水KW1：65%~75%,开花期中度亏水KW2：55%~65%,开花期重度亏水KW3：45%~55%,以全生育期充分灌水QW0：75%~85%为对照）对混播草地土壤水分、土壤温度和土壤养分及牧草株高、茎叶比、产量和水氮利用效率的影响。结果表明：1）平均土壤贮水量随灌水亏缺程度的提高呈降低趋势,同一亏缺度条件下,拔节期亏水与开花期亏水间无显著差异。2）水分亏缺处理的平均土壤温度显著高于充分灌水处理,且水分亏缺度一定时,拔节期亏水处理的平均土壤温度显著高于开花期亏水处理。3）收获后各处理的土壤养分含量较播种前呈降低趋势。与充分灌水相比,开花期轻度亏水可显著提高土壤速效氮含量,而中度或重度水分亏缺不利于牧草对土壤速效磷和钾的吸收。4）同一灌水模式下,燕麦株高、茎叶比和产量均显著高于箭筈豌豆。7种灌水模式的草地耗水量为386.1~502.6 mm,与处理QW0相比,处理KW2的灌水量减少20.6%,牧草总产量无显著差异,可获得较高的水分利用效率（31.5 kg·hm-2·mm-1）、灌水利用效率（81.0 kg·hm-2·mm-1）、氮素吸收效率（0.99 kg·kg-1）和氮肥偏生产力（191.1 kg·kg-1）,是高寒荒漠区燕麦与箭筈豌豆混播人工草地节水、增产和高效的水分管理模式。 相似文献
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Igshaan Samuels Clement Cupido Melvin B Swarts Anthony R Palmer Jamie W Paulse 《African Journal of Range and Forage Science》2016,33(1):1-9
The Leliefontein communal area in Namaqualand is grazed by mixed species herds that have multiple benefits for pastoralists. This study assessed how the management (herding and free-ranging) of different livestock herds affects their feeding ecology during the wet and dry seasons in a semi-arid shrubland. By using direct observations of livestock grazing in the field, we established their habitat preferences, diet selection and resources overlap. Results indicate that all free-ranging livestock can be considered grazers with cattle being selective. When sheep are herded, they tend to be more generalist feeders and herded goats are browsers. Livestock diet selection and forage preferences are largely linked to the habitats in which they graze and browse. Dietary overlap is highest between free-ranging livestock irrespective of season, whereas herded livestock are able to consume a food source with little potential competition from other livestock. Although the wet-season annual forage resources are able to sustain the livestock population in Leliefontein, this study concludes that the overdependence on annual vegetation would make livestock vulnerable during drought periods when forage production is low. 相似文献
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Coffey KP Coblentz WK Montgomery TG Shockey JD Bryant KJ Francis PB Rosenkrans CF Gunter SA 《Journal of animal science》2002,80(4):926-932
Economically viable options for retaining ownership of spring-born calves through a winter backgrounding program are somewhat limited in the southeastern United States. Although sod-seeded winter annual forages produce less forage than those same forages planted using conventional tillage practices, sod-seeded winter annual forages have the potential to provide a low-cost, rapid-gain, ecologically and economically viable option for retaining ownership of fall-weaned calves. A study was conducted during the winters of 1998, 1999, and 2000 using 180 crossbred calves (261 +/- 2.8 kg initial BW; n = 60 each year) to compare sod-seeded winter annual forages with conventional hay and supplement backgrounding programs in southeast Arkansas. Calves were provided bermudagrass hay (ad libitum) and a grain sorghum-based supplement (2.7 kg/d) on 1-ha dormant bermudagrass pastures or were grazed on 2-ha pastures of bermudagrass/dallisgrass overseeded with 1) annual ryegrass, 2) wheat plus annual ryegrass, or 3) rye plus annual ryegrass at a set stocking rate of 2.5 calves/ha. Calves grazed from mid-December until mid-April but were fed bermudagrass hay during times of low forage mass. Mean CP and IVDMD concentrations were 19.0 and 71.1%, respectively, across sampling dates and winter annual forages, but three-way interactions among forage treatments, year, and sampling date were detected (P < 0.01) for forage mass, concentrations of CP, and IVDMD. The IVDMD of rye plus ryegrass was greater (P < 0.05) than that of ryegrass in yr 2. A forage treatment x sampling date interaction was detected for forage CP in yr 1 (P < 0.05) and 2 (P = 0.05) but not in yr 3 (P = 0.40). Forage mass did not differ (P > or = 0.22) among winter annual treatments on any sampling date. During the first 2 yr, calves fed hay plus supplement gained less (P < 0.05) BW than calves that grazed winter annual forages; gains did not differ (P > or = 0.23) among winter annual treatments. During the 3rd yr, undesirable environmental conditions limited growth of the winter annual forages; total gain did not differ (P = 0.66) among the four treatments. Winter annual forages offer potential to provide high-quality forage for calves retained until spring, but consistent forage production and quality are a concern when sod-seeding techniques are used. 相似文献
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青海环湖地区多年生牧草与一年生作物混播效果比较研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
对一年生作物和多年生牧草混播条件下 ,对多年生牧草的栽培进行了研究 ,并通过不同多年生牧草生产性状的差异分析 ,筛选出最优的一年生保护作物。初步研究结果表明 ,在青海环湖地区草原性气候区土壤缺乏灌水的条件下 ,油菜对多年生牧草第 1～ 2年生长的影响最小 ,其次是对燕麦、青稞的影响最大。无芒雀麦和垂穗披碱草受作物的平均影响程度显著高于中华羊茅和多叶老芒麦 ,中华羊茅和多叶老芒麦与一年生作物混播的效果更好。播种当年保护作物可有效抑制杂草的生长 ,但第二年春夏加强草地除杂管理仍是保证多年生牧草播种成功的关键措施 相似文献
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L. Allen Torell Subramanian Murugan Octavio A. Ramirez 《Strength and Conditioning Journal》2010,63(4):415-425
Recommended strategies for dealing with drought include maintaining a conservative stocking rate, maintaining grazing flexibility by having yearlings as one of multiple enterprises on the ranch, and leaving a significant amount of herbaceous production at the end of the grazing season. We perform an economic analysis of these grazing strategies using a bio-economic multiperiod linear programming model with variable annual forage production and beef prices. We evaluate the economics of conservative versus flexible grazing where stock numbers are adjusted to match forage conditions. The deterministic model estimates that a flexible grazing strategy could nearly double net returns relative to a conservative strategy, but realizing this substantial economic potential means higher production costs, and it depends on a quality climate forecast that is not currently available. Maintaining grazing flexibility was determined to be very important for managing variable forage conditions, and its importance increased with the level of variability. Without annual variation in forage production, over 80% of available forage would optimally be allocated to cow–calf production. As forage variability increased to levels observed on the arid rangelands of the western United States, a 50:50 forage allocation between cow–calf and yearling enterprises was found to be optimal, but optimal cow numbers decreased over time as dry conditions force herd reductions. As compared to a cow–calf ranch only, adding flexible yearling enterprises increased average annual net ranch returns by 14% with conservative stocking and by up to 66% with flexible grazing. Herd expansion beyond a conservative level should occur with yearlings because adjusting cow numbers is too expensive relative to the potential short-term gain, even if forage conditions are known with certainty. 相似文献
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粮食安全视角下苜蓿饲草产业发展实证分析 《畜牧与饲料科学》2022,43(4):73-79
目的 从粮食安全视角出发,以苜蓿为例,对我国饲草产业发展进行实证分析,为解决“人畜争粮”问题,实现饲料粮的供需平衡,保障粮食安全提供参考。方法 采用灰色关联法对饲料粮增量的影响因子进行实证分析,以饲料粮逐期增长量的影响因子为子序列,饲料粮逐期增长量为母序列建立分析模型,根据关联度高低排序,以确定影响饲料粮增长的关键因素。结果 牧业总产值逐期增长量、主要畜产品逐期增长量、多年生饲草种植面积逐期增长量和一年生饲草种植面积逐期增长量对饲料粮逐期增长量的关联度分别为0.949、0.893、0.858、0.831、0.551,即牧业总产值、主要畜产品和多年生饲草种植面积对饲料粮更为敏感,我国畜牧业增长与饲料粮增长密切相关,而发展多年生饲草产业可以缓解饲料粮的增长需求。结论 研究结果可以为我国苜蓿饲草产业的发展以及政策的制定提供实证支持和参考意见。 相似文献