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1.
三花假卫矛三萜类化学成分的研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
通过核磁共振和质普分析对三花假卫矛藤茎的化学成分进行研究,分离并鉴定了6个三萜类化学成分,分别为β-香树脂醇(Ⅰ)、齐墩果酸(Ⅱ)、β-香树脂醇棕榈酸脂(Ⅲ)、羽扇豆醇(Ⅳ)、20(30)-羽扇豆烯-3-酮(Ⅴ)及20(30)-羽扇豆烯-3β, 29-二醇(Ⅵ)。经检索,所有化合物均为首次从三花假卫矛中分得。 相似文献
2.
对救必应根皮的化学成分进行了系统研究.从其中分离并鉴定了12个化合物,分别为铁冬青酸(Ⅰ)、坡模醇酸(Ⅱ)、具栖冬青苷(Ⅲ)、苦丁冬青苷H(Ⅳ)、3-O-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖-3β, 19α-二羟基齐墩果烷-12-烯-28-酸-28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯(Ⅴ)、丁香脂素4′-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(Ⅵ)、咖啡酸4-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(Ⅶ)、香草酸4-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(Ⅷ)、丁香苷(Ⅸ)、芥子醛葡萄糖苷(Ⅹ)、β-谷甾醇(Ⅺ)和胡萝卜苷(Ⅻ).其中,化合物Ⅱ、Ⅳ～Ⅷ为首次从该植物中分离得到. 相似文献
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镰叶西番莲藤茎脂溶性化学成分的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究镰叶西番莲藤茎的化学成分,从其脂溶性成分中分离了6个化合物,通过IR、MS、NMR等波谱手段鉴定它们的结构为4-氧代-3,4-降-木栓烷-2-酸(Ⅰ)、2-羟基-3,4-断-木栓烷-3-酸乙酯(Ⅱ)、4-烯-3-谷甾酮(Ⅲ)、3-(2,4-二羟基苯基)-2-丙烯酸(Ⅳ)、碳十八酸甘油酯(Ⅴ)和正二十八醇(Ⅵ).其中化合物Ⅰ是首次经提取分离的天然产物,应用二维NMR技术归属了它的碳谱.结果表明,化合物Ⅰ与化学合成的4-oxo-3,4-seco-A(1)-norfriedelan-3-oic acid结构一致.化合物Ⅱ为新的人工化合物. 相似文献
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五指毛桃黄酮和香豆素类成分研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
对五指毛桃的化学成分进行了研究.分离得到11个化合物,根据理化性质和波谱数据,分别鉴定为补骨脂素(Ⅰ)、伞形花内酯(Ⅱ)、 5,3',4'-三羟基-3,7-二甲氧基黄酮(Ⅲ)、 5,7,2',4'-四羟基黄酮(Ⅳ)、 5-羟基-3,7,4'-三甲氧基黄酮(Ⅴ)、山柰酚(Ⅵ)、紫云英苷(Ⅶ)、金合欢素 7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(Ⅷ)、木犀草素7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(Ⅸ)、柚皮素(Ⅹ)及胡萝卜苷(Ⅺ).经检索,化合物Ⅱ～Ⅹ为首次从该植物中分离得到,化合物Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅷ、Ⅸ为首次从该属植物中分离得到. 相似文献
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牵牛子化学成分研究(Ⅱ) 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用硅胶柱层析和Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱层析从牵牛子 70% (体积分数)乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯萃取物中分离得到8个化合物,经理化及光谱方法鉴定分别为肉桂酸( Ⅰ )、阿魏酸( Ⅱ )、绿原酸( Ⅲ )、氯原酸甲酯( Ⅳ )、氯原酸丙酯( Ⅴ )、大黄酸( Ⅵ )、12-羟基松香酸甲酯(Ⅶ)、12-羟基氢化松香酸甲酯( Ⅷ).经检索,这些化合物均为首次从牵牛属植物中分离得到. 相似文献
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《林产化学与工业》2017,(1)
对小远志化学成分进行研究,从中分离得到12个化合物,依据理化性质及波谱数据分析,分别鉴定为:丁香醛(1),4-羟基-3,5-二甲氧基-苯乙酮(2),8-羟基-1-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基)苯基-1-丙酮(3),水杨酸(4),反式芥子酸甲酯(5),3,4,5-三甲氧基肉桂酸甲酯(6),3,4,5-三甲氧基肉桂酸(7),5-羟基-4',6,7-三甲氧基黄酮(8),芥子醇-4-O-β-D-芹糖-(1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(9),(±)-丁香脂素(10),(+)-梣皮树脂醇(11),(±)-松脂醇(12)。除化合物4外,其它化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到。 相似文献
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新疆圆柏黄酮类成分的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用硅胶、Sephadex LH-20柱等色谱手段,对新疆圆柏叶的黄酮类成分进行了研究,从中分离鉴定了9个黄酮类化合物:柏木双黄酮(Ⅰ)、柏木双黄酮4',4'-二甲醚(Ⅱ)、穗花杉双黄酮(Ⅲ)、罗汉松双黄酮A(Ⅳ)、儿茶素(Ⅴ)、槲皮素(Ⅵ)、异高黄芩素7-O-β-D-木糖苷(Ⅶ)、杨梅素3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(Ⅷ)和芦丁(Ⅸ).其中化合物Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅴ、Ⅶ、Ⅷ和Ⅸ为首次从该植物中分离得到,化合物Ⅷ和Ⅸ为首次从该属植物中分离得到.二苯代苦味肼基自由基(DPPH·)清除活性测试结果表明,化合物Ⅴ和Ⅵ的抗氧化活性较高,与阳性对照品抗坏血酸的接近;黄酮苷类化合物Ⅷ、Ⅷ和Ⅸ次之,而双黄酮类化合物Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ活性较差. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
12.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
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Contour hedgerows of multipurpose tree species in the sloping tea lands of Sri Lanka are expected to reduce soil erosion and
also add significant amounts of plant nutrients to the soil via periodic prunings. The objective of this experiment was to characterize the biomass decomposition pattern and quantify the
amount of nutrients added through prunings of six tree species (Calliandra calothyrsus, Senna spectabilis, Euphatorium innulifolium, Flemingia congesta, Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia) currently being used in hedgerows associated with tea. Withered leaf and stem prunings (50 g) were enclosed in 2-mm litter
bags, placed at 5-cm depth and retrieved after one, three, six, nine and 12 weeks. Loss of initial dry weight, N, P and K
was measured. Single exponential decay function adequately described both dry weight and nutrient loss. Tree species differed
significantly in their rate of breakdown with decomposition constants (k) varying from 0.0299 to 0.2006 week−1 for leaves and from 0.0225 to 0.0633 week−1 for stems. Gliricidia showed the highest k for leaves with the rest in the following descending order: Senna > Tithonia ≥ Euphatorium > Calliandra > Flemingia. A similar pattern was observed for loss of all nutrients with Calliandra and Flemingia always having lower k values than the rest. Although N immobilization was not observed, immobilization of P and K was observed
during the first week of incubation in some species, particularly in stem prunings. Annual biomass of prunings differed significantly
between tree species in the following descending order: Calliandra > Senna > Flemingia > Tithonia > Gliricidia > Euphatorium. Calliandra added the greatest amount of nutrients annually to the soil with Euphatorium adding the least. Calliandra prunings provided the annual total K requirement and 49% of the N requirement of mature tea. However, none of the species
provided more than 5% of the P requirement. It is concluded that among the tree species tested, Calliandra and Flemingia are the most suitable for contour hedgerows in tea plantations of this agroclimatic region because of their higher soil nutrient
enrichment capacity and slower decomposition rates which would minimize leaching losses.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):118-130
The effects of seed weight and seed type on seedling growth of Pinus sylvestris (L.) were studied by seeding individually weighed orchard and stand seed in different mixtures under harsh (direct seeding in field) and optimal (seeding in nursery) conditions. In the nursery experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased the seedling height by 10-27% and total weight by 27-113%, and decreased the height/diameter ratio by 5-6% after 2 yrs. With elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 2% taller than stand seedlings in year 2. Without elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller. In the field experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased seedling height by 18-65%, stem volume by 81-274% and the number of top-buds by 23-34% in year 5. After elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller than stand seedlings and without elimination of seed weight effects 20-21% taller after 5 yrs. Even after elimination of both seed weight and genetic effects orchard seedlings were 3-9% larger than stand seedlings in the field experiment. In conclusion, the influence of seed weight and seed type on growth traits and slenderness is highly significant and the influence seems to be greater in harsh conditions. 相似文献
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Steven Maranz Amadou Niang Antoine Kalinganire Djeneba Konaté Bocary Kaya 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(3):231-239
Baobab leaves form an important part of the local diet in Sahel countries and elsewhere in Africa. Existing leaf nutritional
data and agroforestry performance information are based solely on Adansonia digitata L., the baobab of continental Africa. The introduction potential of Adansonia species from the center of diversity in Madagascar and from Australia remains untapped. To assess this potential, the mineral
contents and B1 and B2 vitamin levels of dried baobab leaves were determined for five-year old trees of A. digitata, A. gibbosa (A. Cunn.) Guymer ex D. Baum, A. rubrostipa Jum. & H. Perrier (syn. A. fony Baill.), A. perrieri Capuron and A. za Baill. grown in an introduction trial in Mali. Nutritional data were evaluated against survival and vigor to identify promising
germplasm. Leaf vitamin and crude protein contents were highest in the Madagascar species, especially A. rubrostipa (B1 88 mg 100 g−1, B2 187 mg 100 g−1, protein 20.7% dry weight). However, the local species far outperformed the introductions in survival, tree height, basal
diameter and resistance to termites. We suggest grafting as a way of harnessing the vigor of well-adapted local baobab varieties
to the superior nutritional profiles of A. rubrostipa and others. Cross-species grafting tests in Adansonia were successful, thus creating new agroforestry possibilities with different scion/rootstock combinations. 相似文献
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《Wood material science & engineering》2013,8(2):76-84
Abstract Wood in general and wooden studs in particular are often distorted owing to uneven shrinkage during the drying process in the sawmill. Twist is often the most detrimental of all types of distortion, and it is caused by spiral grain in combination with variations in moisture content. For sawmills, the objective is to produce dried, straight boards, and one method of dealing with boards with excessive spiral grain is to sort them out and then dry them in a pretwisted position to obtain straight boards after drying. A model using the finite element (FE) method for the simulation of drying twist distortions was first calibrated against laboratory experiments in which boards were dried with and without restraints and pretwists. After the calibration, the FE results were compared with industrial test results for boards that were dried without restraints or with restraints with zero pretwist, i.e. straight restraints. The FE model used an elastic–ideally plastic material model to obtain permanent deformations. The calibration was to set the yield stresses so that there was a good match between FE results and results from the laboratory experiments. The comparison between the industrial test results and the FE results showed that the FE model is capable of realistic simulations of drying boards with and without restraints and presumably also pretwists. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
19.
Astra Zaluma Lauma Bruna Darta Klavina Natalija Burnevica Kristine Kenigsvalde Andis Lazdins Talis Gaitnieks 《Forest Pathology》2019,49(6)
Heterobasidion parviporum and Heterobasidion annosum are widely distributed root‐rot fungi that infect conifers throughout Europe. Infection of conifer stumps by spores of these pathogens can be controlled by treating fresh stumps with a competing non‐pathogenic fungus, Phlebiopsis gigantea. In this study, growth of three Latvian strains of P. gigantea and the biological control agent ‘Rotstop’ strain was evaluated in stem pieces of Norway spruce, Scots pine, lodgepole pine, Douglas‐fir, Weymouth pine, Siberian larch and Sitka spruce. The growth rates of one H. parviporum and one H. annosum isolate were also measured in the same stem pieces. The growth rate of P. gigantea varied greatly in wood of different conifer species. It was higher in the three pine species, lower in Norway spruce and lowest in Sitka spruce and Siberian larch, and in Douglas‐fir, this fungus did not grow. The largest area of wood occupied by P. gigantea was in lodgepole pine. Growth of Latvian isolates of P. gigantea in the wood of Pinus and Picea species was comparable to that of the Rotstop isolate. Consequently, stump treatment with local P. gigantea isolates should be recommended. However, our results suggest that Douglas‐fir stump treatment against Heterobasidion by P. gigantea may be ineffective and other stump treatment methods should be considered. 相似文献
20.
本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献