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1.
以华盖木嫁接苗当年生茎段为试材提取PPO酶液,研究温度、pH值、底物邻苯二酚浓度及抑制物对PPO活性的影响。结果表明:华盖木多酚氧化酶的最适温度为35℃,最适pH值为7.0,温度和pH值过高或过低都会降低酶活性;邻苯二酚浓度为0.14 mo.lL-1时,PPO活性最大,低于0.14 mo.lL-1时,随底物浓度的增加,酶活性增加,超过0.14 mol.L-1时,加大底物浓度酶活性降低;Na2SO4、柠檬酸、抗坏血酸(Vc)对华盖木PPO的活性均有一定的抑制效果,其中Vc的抑制效果最显著。 相似文献
2.
为比较和客观评价昆虫肠道各段内纤维素酶的活性,在不同pH及不同温度下分别测定长足大竹象成虫肠道3段(前、中、后)内3类纤维素酶的活性。结果表明:长足大竹象成虫肠道内有完整酶系,长足大竹象成虫前肠中CX酶的适应温度以及pH的范围较广,具有更强的稳定性,最适温度(T)在50～70℃,最适pH为6～8,在高温和强碱条件下均为检测出酶活性,且前肠中的C_1酶较其他两段存在最大的酶活性,为0.0349μmol·min~(-1)·mg~(-1)(pH值=3,T=40℃)。长足大竹象成虫中肠中C_1酶的适应范围远大于其余两种,最适温度为30～70℃,最适pH值为5～8,在强酸、强碱情况下均未检测出酶活性。长足大竹象成虫后肠中的3中酶的最适温度区间都为30～50℃,最适pH值区间为5～8,较前、中肠两段的最适温度、pH值区间较窄。 相似文献
3.
《林业科学》2017,(1)
【目的】研究木质素降解子囊菌Paraconiothyrium variabile GHJ-4分泌的漆酶(laccase)、锰过氧化物酶(MnP)和木质素过氧化物酶(LiP)3种木质素降解酶的酶活性变化规律及其酶学性质,为利用该菌株进行木质素降解酶的工业化生产和应用提供依据。【方法】分别以愈创木酚、2,6-二甲基苯酚和黎芦醇为底物测定laccase,MnP和LiP的酶活性,研究3种酶的最适反应温度和pH、温度和pH稳定性及金属离子对其活性的影响。【结果】GHJ-4菌株发酵18,15和21天后,分别获得laccase,MnP和LiP最高酶活为1 390.3,30.3和52.5 U·mL~(-1)。laccase的最适反应温度为55℃左右,最适反应pH为5.5左右,在55℃以下、pH 4.0~7.0的范围内较为稳定;MnP的最适反应温度为60℃左右,最适反应pH为5.0左右,在55℃以下、pH 4.0~9.0的范围内较为稳定;LiP的最适反应温度为40℃左右,最适反应pH为3.0左右,在40℃以下、pH 2.0~4.0的范围内较为稳定。Mg~(2+),Zn~(2+),Cu~(2+),K~+对laccase起促进作用,Na~+和Zn~(2+)对LiP起促进作用,Mn~(2+)对MnP起激活作用,而Fe~(3+),Ca~(2+),Pb~(2+),Co~(2+),Al~(3+)对3种酶均起抑制作用,其中尤以5 mmol·L~(-1)Fe~(3+)对3种酶的抑制作用最强。【结论】温度、pH及金属离子对Paraconiothyrium variabile GHJ-4 3种木质素降解酶的酶学特性均有着不同程度的影响。 相似文献
4.
将长足大竹象幼虫肠道分为前中后三段,研究长足大竹象幼虫在不同pH值、不同温度的交互作用下不同段肠道中的不同纤维素酶的活性,为了探索其肠道中酶活的最佳pH值和最佳温度。结果表明:后段肠道的纤维素酶活性最高;外切-β-1,4-葡聚糖苷酶的酶活性的最适温区为50℃-60℃(0.03±0.005μmol·min~(-1)·mg~(-1)),最适pH值为5～6(0.02±0.005μmol·min~(-1)·mg~(-1));内切-β-1,4-葡聚糖苷酶的最适温区为50～60℃(0.023±0.05μmol·min~(-1)·mg~(-1)),最适pH值为4～7(0.025±0.005μmol·min~(-1)·mg~(-1));β-葡萄糖苷酶的最适温区为40～60℃(0.02±0.05μmol·min~(-1)·mg~(-1)),最适pH值为4～7(0.02±0.05μmol·min~(-1)·mg~(-1))。温度和pH值对昆虫肠道内纤维素酶活性的影响显著。 相似文献
5.
用丹宁沉淀法提取菠萝果皮蛋白酶，须经过多次洗涤、保护和激活，使酶从其复合物中游离出来。研究结果测得干酶得率约０．１７％，皮汁酶活性一般为０．０４万／ｇ，干酶活性约２０万／ｇ，果皮蛋白酶酶促反应最适条件为：ｐＨ５．５－６．５，温度≤６０℃。在一般室温下，酶促反应达到最大速度时间，鲜汁约１ｈ，干酶约需１ｈ－１．５ｈ。 相似文献
6.
耐热型木聚糖酶制备工艺的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以木糖渣为碳源，利用耐热子囊菌（Thermoascus aurantiacus)液体发酵生产木聚糖酶，确立了最佳工艺参数为：木糖渣质量浓度4％，培养温度45摄氏度，转速180r/min，培养基初始pH值4．8，初始C／N为7．1，木聚糖酶活性可达900U/mL。酶学性质研究表明，该酶反应的最适温度为75摄氏度，最适pH值为4．8，该酶的耐热性强，在75摄氏度下温保1h，酶活力剩余85％以上。 相似文献
7.
以邻联甲苯胺(3,3-二甲基联苯胺)为底物,采用分光光度法测定香菇(Lentinula edodes)漆酶(Laccase)的活性,对最佳反应条件进行了筛选和优化.结果表明:当以醋酸-醋酸钠为缓冲溶液体系进行酶活性测定时,最适pH值为4,最适温度为53 ℃.漆酶在30 ℃的条件下保温过夜活性仍能保持在90%以上,而高温条件下漆酶不稳定,容易变性失活.当缓冲溶液体系中二价铜离子质量浓度在50～60 mg/L之间时,漆酶活性约提高50%;而亚铁离子则可以完全抑制漆酶的活性. 相似文献
8.
白腐菌糙皮侧尔漆酶性质及其对蒽醌染料脱色性能的研究 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
白腐菌糙皮侧尔(Pleurotus ostreatus strain 3.42)分泌胞外漆酶，但未发现分泌木质素过氧化物酶(LiP)和锰过氧化物酶(MnP)、每升反应液以0．5mmol 2，2′-连氮-二(3-乙基苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)(ABTS)和0．1mmol的Cu^2 为诱导剂可明显提高漆酶酶活，酶活分别可达1000和800U／mL。与其它真菌漆酶相比，该酶最适反应pH值为3．5，在pH值4．0～6．0之间酶活性稳定；最适反应温度为65℃，在醋酸缓冲液(pH值5．0)中，反应温度低于50℃时，漆酶非常稳定；该酶对对-甲氧基酚的氧化速度要快于邻-甲氧基酚。叠氮化钠对该漆酶有强烈的抑制作用。蒽醌染料活性艳蓝KN-R(RBBR)可被该漆酶(30U／mL)直接脱色，12h脱色率为70％；添加小分子的介体物质ABTS(5μmol／L)，可使染料完全脱色。 相似文献
9.
光肩星天牛纤维素酶的性质研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
该文对光肩星天牛 (Anoplophoraglabripennis)幼虫纤维素酶的特性进行了研究 .内切 β 1,4 葡聚糖酶 (内切葡聚糖酶 ,Cx)和β 1,4 葡萄糖苷酶 (β 葡萄糖苷酶 )的最适作用温度均为 4 0℃ ,最适作用pH值分别为 4 4 5 6和 4 8,内切葡聚糖酶具有较广泛的pH值和温度作用范围 ,在 2 5 5 0℃之间能保持80 %以上活性 ,pH 3 2 7 2之间能保持 6 0 %以上的酶活性 .内切葡聚糖酶的热稳定性也稍强于 β 葡萄糖苷酶 ,但在 6 0℃温育 30min后 ,二者均丧失活性 .用含 0 1%CMC的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳方法检测到光肩星天牛的内切葡聚糖酶具有两种同工酶 ,从非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶中回收该两条酶带 ,并在SDS 聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳中呈单一酶带 ,分子量分别为 2 6kD和 39kD .纯化的同工酶处于进一步研究中 相似文献
10.
4种植食性甲虫肠道内纤维素酶活性的比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为比较和客观评价昆虫体内纤维素酶的活性,在不同温度及pH值下测定杨叶甲、二纹柱萤叶甲、紫榆叶甲成、幼虫及双条杉天牛幼虫消化道内3类纤维素酶的活性.结果表明:4种甲虫体内均有消化纤维素的完整酶系,3种叶甲成、幼虫体内各纤维素酶的最适温区为40 ～ 60℃、最适pH值范围为4～6,在高温和强碱条件下均未能检测出酶活性;双条杉天牛幼虫C1酶活性在强碱pH =9和70℃条件下活性最高,Cx酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶活性低于3种叶甲的成虫和幼虫,C1酶活性显著高于3种叶甲的成虫和幼虫.温度和pH值对昆虫体内纤维素酶活性有显著的影响,甲虫取食习性的不同可能导致体内纤维素酶活性的差异,酶活性的差异是否受到昆虫亲缘关系的影响还需要进一步研究. 相似文献
11.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
12.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
13.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
14.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
15.
本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
16.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):131-138
The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided. 相似文献
17.
18.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):472-479
Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken. 相似文献
19.
Srisuda Thippayarugs Banyong Toomsan Patma Vityakon Viriya Limpinuntana Aran Patanothai Georg Cadisch 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):137-148
In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic
or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts
(stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea
(Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content
as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest
N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized
to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea,
largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for
N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant
components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N
released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures
were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality
components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in
the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols.
Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest
age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its
components are mixed. 相似文献
20.
A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez M. R. Mosquera-Losada E. Gatica-Trabanini 《Agroforestry Systems》2000,48(3):245-256
The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste
disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization,
(2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha−1 target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two
pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha−1. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea
(Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m2, with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect
on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage
sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but
affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral
systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献