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1.
The influence of cutting applied at four stages of plant growth on dry matter, crude protein, total available carbohydrates and reducing sugar partitioning was examined in six genotypes of berseem ( Trifolium alexandrinum L.). The research was conducted in Foggia (Italy) during 1990 and 1991 in a glasshouse with controlled water application. The plants were grown in a plastic-lined, PVC cylinder. At each cut, dry matter and chemical components were evaluated in leaf, stem and root fractions; at the end of the biological cycle, seed yield was recorded.
Plants showed similar dry matter partitioning between leaves and stems at the eighth internode stage. The crude protein concentration was highest in leaf fractions, reaching the maximum value (31%) at an early stage of growth (fourth internode stage). The maximum value of total available carbohydrates was obtained in the stems at the early flowering stage (11 %), whereas reducing sugars almost always showed higher concentrations in the leaves (4 %). As for forage and seed yields, the developmental stage at cutting had a great influence on dry matter and chemical component partitioning among the different organs. Genotypic differences were observed for dry matter partitioning in leaves and stems in all developmental stages, but diversity in chemical component content was more evident in the roots. 相似文献
Plants showed similar dry matter partitioning between leaves and stems at the eighth internode stage. The crude protein concentration was highest in leaf fractions, reaching the maximum value (31%) at an early stage of growth (fourth internode stage). The maximum value of total available carbohydrates was obtained in the stems at the early flowering stage (11 %), whereas reducing sugars almost always showed higher concentrations in the leaves (4 %). As for forage and seed yields, the developmental stage at cutting had a great influence on dry matter and chemical component partitioning among the different organs. Genotypic differences were observed for dry matter partitioning in leaves and stems in all developmental stages, but diversity in chemical component content was more evident in the roots. 相似文献
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为了明确大麻雌雄株之间的差异及为大麻全雌、全雄、雌雄同株育种提供理论依据,本试验以‘火麻一号’、‘汉麻5号’和‘汉麻2号’为试验材料,分析了大麻雌雄株之间原茎产量和农艺性状的差异及其相关性。结果表明,雌株的原茎产量比雄株高出18.18%~24.56%,差异显著;雄株的株高和节数分别比雌株高出了3.08~5.86 cm、0.28~1.92节,株高差异显著;雌株的茎粗和穗长分别比雄株高出了0.05~0.08 cm、3.35~4.90 cm,穗长差异显著;雌株的根长略高于雄株,而雄株的工艺长度比雌株高出了3.26%~5.55%,差异显著;雌株的茎干重、根干重分别比雄株高出了22.16%~27.06%、21.97%~31.91%,茎干重差异显著;雌雄株的节数、穗长及叶干重与雌雄株单株的原茎重呈负相关关系,雌雄株的株高、茎粗、根长、工艺长度及根干重与雌雄株单株的原茎重呈正相关关系。纤用工业大麻高产栽培技术及高产育种要以雌雄株比值小,叶少、节数少、穗短、株高和茎粗适中、工艺长度长、根干重及单株原茎重大作为主要目标。 相似文献
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T. L. Henshaw R. A. Gilbert J. M. S. Scholberg T. R. Sinclair 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2007,193(3):189-197
Soya bean is often grown in regions prone to periodic flooding, thus selecting cultivars that maintain production under waterlogged conditions is desirable. An experiment involving flooded soya beans was planted in southern Florida to examine (1) stem and leaf growth; (2) morphological adaptations; and (3) the relationship between early‐season and late‐season flood tolerance in flooded soya beans. Eleven soya bean genotypes previously defined as tolerant or sensitive to flooding were subjected to three treatments at 21 days after sowing (DAS): (1) no flood, (2) 2‐week flood and (3) 4‐week flood. All plants were harvested 49 DAS. Flooded plants exhibited lower stem dry weights but greater partitioning to the stem. Non‐flood treatments had greater leaf dry weight, leaf area and partitioning to leaves than flooded plants. There were positive correlations of genotype stem dry weight and leaf dry weight to early‐season flood tolerance but stem partitioning was negatively correlated with early‐season flood tolerance. Genotypic rankings of early‐season flood tolerance in this study were not correlated with earlier studies basing flood tolerance on seed yield. Our study highlights the range of soya bean morphological adaptations in response to flood. However, our results indicate that early‐season screening may not be an accurate predictor of soya bean genotypic response to late‐season flood. 相似文献
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以辽宁稻区典型的直立穗型品种辽粳5号与日本典型的优质米品种秋田小町杂交构建的重组自交系群体(recombination inbred lines, RIL)为试材,在高氮和低氮2种施肥模式下种植,调查RIL群体茎秆维管束、穗部和产量性状,分析减氮对三者的影响及其相互关系,探讨在减少氮肥施用量的同时维持产量稳定的可能途径。研究结果表明,不同施氮模式下,RIL群体的茎秆维管束性状、穗部及产量性状均呈现连续变异,符合多基因控制的数量性状遗传特点。氮肥减施后, RIL群体水稻的单茎穗颈和倒二节间维管束数目、单株穗颈和倒二节间维管束面积减少,一次枝梗数减少,一次和二次枝梗结实率、总体结实率和千粒重增加,单穗重增加,穗数减少,产量降低。茎秆维管束性状与穗部和产量性状关系密切,单茎维管束性状与穗颈粗、一次枝梗数、二次枝梗数、穗粒数、着粒密度、千粒重和单穗重大多呈显著至极显著的正相关,单株维管束面积与穗数和产量呈极显著正相关。氮肥减施后,RIL群体中不减产类型株系的主要特征是:低氮条件下仍能维持稳定的分蘖和茎秆维管束的分化,保证穗数和穗颈粗稳定,单茎穗颈和倒二节大、小维管束数目、单茎倒二节大维管束面积和单株倒二节大维管束面积无显著变化,一次枝梗数变化不显著。在减施氮肥的条件下,选用茎秆维管束发达,穗数和穗颈粗稳定的水稻品种,有可能实现减氮不减产的目标。 相似文献
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北方粳稻穗重指数及其与产量品质关系的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究北方粳稻穗重指数及其与产量品质的关系,以东北地区近年来育成的水稻品种(品系)为试材,分别在辽宁、吉林和黑龙江进行比较试验,提出用穗重指数(PWI,单穗重与每穴穗数之比)反映穗数与穗(穗粒数和千粒质量)的关系。结果表明,试材平均穗重指数0.155 g/穗,99%置信区间为[0.109,0.200],据此将参试材料划分为穗重型、中间型和穗数型。穗重指数与产量、穗粒数及决定穗粒数的穗部性状(一二次枝梗数、二次枝梗粒率)、穗颈及倒2节间大小维管束数、株高、叶面积指数、上部三叶长宽呈显著或极显著正相关,与单位面积穗数和剑叶基角显著或极显著负相关,穗重型品种产量显著高于穗数型品种。穗重指数与加工品质、营养品质、食味及相关指标显著负相关,与外观品质无明显关系,穗数型品种品质明显优于穗重型品种。穗重指数是综合反映穗数与穗大的明显指标。在稳定单穗重的基础上,适当降低穗重指数,可能是进一步提高产量、改善品质的有效途径。 相似文献
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两系杂交稻干物质积累与运转特性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据湘西山区生态环境特点,分析比较了4个两系杂交中稻与2个三系杂交中稻的干物质积累与运转情况,结果表明：两系杂交组合前中期叶片、茎鞘养分积累较多,后期向穗部转移亦比较充分,供试组合剑叶展开期平均干重为39.7g/蔸,齐穗期茎鞘叶平均干重为41.0g/蔸,分别比三系杂交组合高14.41%和23.88%;茎鞘叶干物质向穗部的平均运转量为16.4 g/蔸,比三系杂交组合高18.84%;平均运转率为40.00%,与三系杂交组合平均值40.18%相近;对产量的贡献率为43.27%,比三系杂交组合平均值高近5个百分点。 相似文献
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机械化种植对杂交籼稻F优498产量构成与株型特征的影响 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
为探明机械化种植杂交籼稻高产群体的株型特征, 以F优498为材料, 采用二因素裂区设计, 研究了不同穴苗数与播期下机直播、机插、手插3种种植方式的株型特征及其与产量构成的关系。结果表明: (1) 不同种植方式株型特征差异显著, 机直播和机插上三叶叶长、叶宽和叶间距大, 但叶基角和披垂度也较大; 手插上三叶大小适宜, 叶片厚而挺直; 机直播和机插株高和着生高度显著大于手插, 但手插比叶重、单株穗数和总叶片数显著高于机械化种植; 机直播的茎蘖夹角、穗粒数和单穗重显著低于机插和手插。推迟播期和低苗处理均使叶片增大, 比叶重、粒叶比、单株穗数、穗粒数和结实率随播期延迟显著降低。单穗重与上三叶长度、宽度、着生高度和株高均呈显著或极显著正相关, 以机插最高, 手插次之, 机直播最低。(2) 机直播产量显著低于机插和手插, 且随播期延迟和穴苗数减少显著降低。产量及其构成与株型特征密切相关, 机械化种植杂交籼稻高产株型的显著特征为适宜的株高、上三叶长度、群体LAI和茎集散度; 叶宽、比叶重、叶间距大和直立性好。足穗和大穗的统一是实现水稻高产的关键, 塑造个体优良的株型与优化群体结构是增产的前提, 机械化种植杂交籼稻应在时间允许的条件下尽早播栽, 穴苗数以3苗左右为宜。 相似文献
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玉米不同茎节消化性指标与全茎叶干物分解率相关性分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对不同玉米品种茎节消化性状进行了分析,从不同茎节茎、叶、茎叶的干物分解率和糖分含量与全茎叶干物分解率的相关性看,雌穗着生节向上和向下2~3节位的茎、茎叶与全茎叶干物分解率呈高度相关,不同节位叶的干物分解率、糖分含量与全茎叶干物分解率之间相关较低或无相关性。以此为依据,可用速效测糖仪测定雌穗节附近茎或茎叶的糖分含量,或测定此部分的干物分解率,进而推测全茎叶的干物分解率,在消化性状选育上达到简便、快速、经济、有效的选择目的。 相似文献
9.
Genotypic association between grain yield and six agronomic traits in a cross between rice varieties of contrasting plant type 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Summary Phenotypic and genotypic correlation coefficients as well as path analysis were computed to evaluate the genetic association between six agronomic traits and rice grain yield and also among the traits in a representative sample of F7 lines in the tall Peta × semi-dwarf I-geo-tze cross maintained as an unselected bulk from F3 through F5. Data were taken on grain yield, duration from seeding to heading, panicle number, ratio of panicles to tillers, angle of the flag leaf, angle of the leaf below the flag leaf, and plant height on the two parents and 139 F7 lines. The F7 lines were divided into three groups based on plant height: tall, intermediate, and short (semi-dwarf).Differences in grain yield were highly significant among lines in the tall and short groups, and significant among the intermediate lines. Significant to highly significant differences among lines were obtained in each of the height groups for all of the agronomic traits except for the ratio of panicles to tillers in the intermediate and tall groups.Path analysis showed that among the semi-dwarf progenies, erect flag leaf angle made the largest positive contribution to grain yield, followed by high panicle number and early maturity. Among the intermediates, the erectness of the leaf below the flag contributed most to high yield and was closely followed by earliness in maturity. For the tall lines, erect leaves below the flag leaf and high panicle number contributed positively to yield, whereas tallness and late maturity had a negative effect.Phenotypic and genotypic correlation coefficients indicated that low grain yield was closely associated with tall stature, drooping leaves, and low panicle number in the tall lines. In the intermediate lines, low grain yield was associated with late maturity and drooping leaves. Among the semi-dwarf lines, high grain yield was correlated with erect flag leaves and a high ratio of panicles to tillers. When the lines in different height groups were combined, highly significant phenotypic correlations were obtained between high yield levels and erect leaves, a short plant stature, early maturity, or a high panicle number. Erect flag leaves and high yield levels were associated at a significant level. The genotypic correlation coefficients of the above paired traits were identical in sign and generally greater in value than the corresponding phenotypic correlation coefficients.Mail address: P. O. Box 583, Manila, Philippines. 相似文献
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水稻中胚轴伸长特性的遗传分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
以长中胚轴/短中胚轴杂交组合的两个亲本、F1、B1、B2和F2为试验材料，在小型人工气候箱黑暗条件下培养幼苗，对水稻中胚轴伸长特性的遗传规律进行了研究。结果表明，中胚轴伸长特性受两对隐性基因控制。F2群体中长、短中胚轴植株在节间长度、穗长、株高和剑叶长等性状上均存在较明显的差异，而中胚轴伸长特性与节间粗、剑叶宽、单株穗数、每穗总粒数、结实率、千粒重和单株产量等性状关系不明显。还对水稻中胚轴伸长特性的遗传改良以及长中胚轴材料在直播稻育种上的利用进行了探讨。 相似文献
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不同播期对直播早稻干物质积累的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确播期对直播早稻个体和群体干物质积累的影响。以常规籼稻中早35和中早39为材料,利用大田分期播种试验,分析不同播期直播早稻干物质积累及转运的差异。结果表明,随播期推迟,全生育期积温逐渐减少,抽穗后积温逐渐增加。成苗率随分蘖前日平均温度升高而增加,成苗率与单株干物质积累量呈系数为0.83以上的极显著负相关关系,与单位面积干物质积累量呈系数为0.72以上的显著正相关关系。随播期推迟,茎叶干物质向子粒输出转化逐渐减少,单株和单位面积茎叶干物质输出转化与抽穗后积温呈负相关关系,单株抽穗后光合产物积累量随积温增加而减少,单位面积抽穗后光合产物积累量随积温增加而增加。在水稻直播生产过程中,提前播种,保证一定基本苗,协调好个体和群体干物质积累和转化,能获得较高产量。 相似文献
13.
Berseem clover ( Trifolium alexandrinum L.) is an annual forage crop widely grown in Mediterranean environments. Dry matter partitioning in the leaf, stem and root and seed production of three populations of Egyptian as well as Italian origin were evaluated under four cutting regimes. The cutting treatments were applied to the plants at different stages of plant development: at the fourth (A) and eighth nodes elongation (B), at early flowering (C) and physiological maturity of seeds (D), After herbage, harvest plants were utilized for seed yield and evaluation of its seed yield components. Higher dry matter and seed yield was obtained in treatments D and B, respectively. In the other treatments, dry matter content was lower than in treatment D and related to the phenological development of the plant. Dry matter content in the root was higher when the cut was applied at early flowering. Cutting regimes influenced plant mortality, with the number of dead plants increasing from the cut applied in early (A) to that in the final treatment (D). Cuts applied at early stage of development depleted root reserves causing plant death. This peculiarity could be a tool for selecting populations with higher persistence and with a more tolerant physiological response to stress imposed by cuts. The populations of Egyptian origin, in comparison with the Italian ones, were more productive in dry matter in the early stage of growth and in all treatments were higher in seed weight. 相似文献
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依株高、剑叶长和穗形3个形态指标,把产量达到500公斤左右的育成品系分为6种株型。各型的特点:1型是大穗,优势穗平均实粒数超过或将近200粒;2型是短叶密穗;3型是中间型;4型是稀长穗;5型是大粒;6型是矮秆多穗。认为大穗是高产株型的突破口,1型的高产潜力最大。但株型上还需改良。 相似文献
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对贵州地区220份高粱种质资源进行了多样性和聚类分析。结果表明：籽粒包被度、壳色和粒色分布较分散,穗形、穗柄状态和穗型频率分布较集中,侧散（伞）类型居多;生育期、有效分蘖数、节间数、株高、茎粗、穗长、穗柄长、穗粒重和千粒重均存在较大变异,变异系数为8.36%~37.46%,各性状多样性指数均较大,平均为2.00;从区域来看,黔东南地区种质变异系数和多样性指数均最高,分别为28.56%和1.52;相关分析结果显示,部分数值型性状间存在显著的相关性;聚类分析将220份高粱种质分为3个类群,类群Ⅰ包含211份种质,表现为侧散（伞）穗、生育期短、分蘖力强、穗长和穗粒重小等特点,可作为中早熟侧散型高粱育种的基础材料;类群Ⅱ包含8份种质,主要表现为周散（伞）穗、穗柄直等特点,可用作帚用高粱材料的改良亲本;类群Ⅲ仅含1份种质,主要表现为棒形紧穗、生育期长、分蘖力弱、节间数多、植株高大粗壮、主穗短、穗柄长和穗粒重大等特点,可作为能源用高粱种质创新。 相似文献
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不同绿豆品种花后干物质积累与转运特性 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以夏播区高产绿豆品种冀绿2号、安9910和低产品种赤峰绿豆、泰来绿豆为材料,对开花至成熟期间植株茎秆、叶片、豆荚、籽粒等地上部各器官的干物质积累、分配与转运规律进行了研究。结果表明,绿豆开花后,植株地上部总干物质积累和籽粒干物质积累均呈近“S”型增长趋势,花后16~31 d是生物产量和籽粒产量形成的关键时期;主茎开花节位叶片是籽粒充实的主要源器官,对籽粒产量的贡献率最大。不同绿豆品种间差异显著,高产品种冀绿2号和安9910各器官干物质积累和转运能力强,尤其是主茎开花节位叶片干物质合成和积累较多,具有较充足的源,加之其单株结荚数多,具有较大的库容,最终获得了较高的收获指数和籽粒产量。因此,绿豆生产中,选用库容大的多荚、大粒型品种,抓好花后田间管理,延缓主茎开花节位叶片衰老,同时采用去除无效分枝等措施增强源库间的物质运输与分配是提高籽粒产量的关键。 相似文献
18.
不同种植密度对高粱生长、产量及养分吸收的影响 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
为了明确密度与高粱[Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]农艺和经济性状以及养分吸收的关系,以‘晋杂23号’高粱为试验作物,采用大田试验方法,试验设4.5万株/hm2、7.5万株/hm2、10.5万株/hm2和13.5万株/hm2 4个种植密度,研究了不同种植密度对高粱生长、产量、产量构成因素以及养分吸收的影响。结果表明,随着密度增加,高粱株高显著增高,茎粗显著变细,单株叶面积和单株干重显著下降。在4.5万株/hm2~7.5万株/hm2范围内,籽粒产量随着密度增加呈显著性增加。密度在4.5万株/hm2~10.5万株/hm2时,单位面积穗数随密度增加呈显著性增加。随着密度增加,穗粒数显著性增加,而千粒重影响不显著。除磷以外,密度对高粱氮和钾吸收总量均无显著影响。密度对籽粒氮吸收量没有显著影响;在10.5万株/hm2~13.5万株/hm2范围内,磷和钾吸收量明显下降。与氮和磷不同,钾主要分配在秸秆中,只有少量钾转运到籽粒中。相关分析表明,种植密度与株高、生物产量、籽粒产量和单位面积穗数呈显著性正相关,而与茎粗、单株叶面积、单株干重、经济系数、穗粒数和千粒重呈显著性负相关。本研究表明,种植密度与高粱主要农艺和经济性状以及养分吸收息息相关,在高粱高产高效栽培中起着非常重要的作用。 相似文献
19.
为明确不同肥料种类及其相互配合追施提高花生产量的效应,确定适宜的追施肥料种类和相互配施,为花生科学施肥提供理论依据和技术指导。本研究在大田覆膜滴灌条件下,于花针期设置追施氮、钙、硼肥及其相互配施处理,研究了膜下滴灌追肥种类对花生结荚期茎叶干物重、矿质养分吸收和产量的影响。结果表明,花针期追施氮、硼、钙肥及其相互配施均可不同程度地提高花生茎叶干物重、含氮量和积累量、含钙量和积累量、荚果产量,但单独追施氮、硼、钙肥效果不如氮、硼、钙肥配合施用,其中以追施氮硼钙或氮钙提高茎叶干物重、含氮量和积累量、含钙量和积累量、荚果产量的效果好。追施硼肥可提高花生茎秆、叶片含硼量和积累量,而与氮、钙肥配施则可促进花生对硼素的吸收积累。花生产量与茎叶干物重、氮积累量、钙积累量和叶片硼积累量均呈显著正相关关系,茎叶干物重与茎叶氮积累量、茎叶钙积累量均呈显著正相关关系,茎叶氮积累量与茎叶含氮量呈显著正相关关系,茎叶钙积累量与茎叶含钙量呈显著正相关关系,茎叶硼积累量与茎叶含硼量呈显著正相关关系。说明氮硼钙配施促进了花生对氮、硼、钙的吸收积累,增加了干物质量,进而提高了产量。 相似文献