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1.
Chick pea seeds of twenty eight varieties were analysed for alpha amylase inhibitor activity (AIA) using salivary amylase. The effects of heat treatment and germination on the activity of the antinutritional factor was investigated. Heat treatment and germination decreased the activity of amylase inhibitor. Chick pea meal was also subjected to UV irradiation and pressure cooking. These treatments decreased alpha amylase inhibitor activity. The amylase inhibitor activity decreased as the days of germination increased and negligible inhibitor activity was observed on the 6th day of germination.  相似文献   

2.
The effect of germination upto 120 hours on malting loss, amylase activity and viscosity of nine common Indian legumes was investigated. The amylase activity increased on progressive germination in all legumes, the increase being particularly high for green gram, horse gram, moth bean and black gram. Malted samples had lower cooked paste viscosity than native ones. Samples with high amylase activity exhibited proportionately lower viscosity. Maximum reduction in viscosity was observed in green gram, followed by moth bean, horse gram, black gram and cowpea within 48 hours of germination. Malting losses ranged between 12 to 27 percent over a period of 48 hours in all legumes. Germination beyond 48 hours resulted in considerably higher malting losses without much effect on viscosity.  相似文献   

3.
The activities of endogenous (R-type) and exogenous acting (D-type) protein inhibitors ofalpha-amylase and the activities ofalpha- and total amylase were determined in milling fractions of rye. High D-type amylase inhibitor activities were detected in the embryo (255 IU/g) and in the endosperm fraction (64·9 IU/g), low inhibitor activities were found in the aleurone layer fraction (25·9 IU/g). The highest R-typealpha-amylase inhibitor activity was found in the aleurone layer fraction (32·6 IU/g), and the lowest value in the epidermis containing fraction (5·0 IU/g). The D- and R-typealpha-amylase inhibitor activities varied with growing conditions. D-type amylase inhibitor activities were found to be high in those samples which grew under drought conditions and low in samples cultivated under wet and cool weather. Higher R-typealpha-amylase inhibitor activities were found in rye genotypes cultivated under wet conditions and lower values under dry weather. There were small variations inalpha-amylase inhibitor activities between sprout-stable and sprout-sensitive rye genotypes. The D- and R-typealpha-amylase inhibitor activities of all varieties were stable during 72 h of germination. Similar soil conditions will therefore lead to differentialalpha-amylase inhibitor activities depending on weather conditions during growth.  相似文献   

4.
采用恒温培养箱,在黑暗条件下进行发芽试验,观察杂草稻中胚轴伸长的动态过程,分析杂草稻中胚轴伸长过程中籽粒淀粉酶活性和可溶性糖含量的变化及相互关系。结果表明,黑暗条件下发芽后1d到3d,杂草稻中胚轴伸长非常慢,发芽后4d到5d中胚轴伸长加快,发芽后7天中胚轴伸长逐渐停止,其最终长度显著长于辽粳294。杂草稻发芽过程中,籽粒α-淀粉酶活性、β-淀粉酶活性和可溶性糖含量均呈逐渐上升趋势。可溶性糖含量与α-淀粉酶活性、β-淀粉酶活性均呈极显著正相关。中胚轴伸长长度与籽粒α-淀粉酶活性、β-淀粉酶活性、可溶性糖含量也均呈极显著正相关。杂草稻发芽初期淀粉酶活性增强,促进了籽粒中淀粉水解为可溶性糖,为中胚轴伸长生长提供了物质和能量基础。  相似文献   

5.
用不同浓度(0.25、0.5、0.75、1.0、1.25、1.5 mmol/L)的水杨酸(SA)溶液浸泡处理甜玉米种子进行发芽试验,统计种子萌发情况,分析幼苗相关生理指标的变化。结果表明,较低浓度的水杨酸溶液(0.25～0.75 mmol/L)处理有利于甜玉米种子的萌发,能有效提高种子发芽率、发芽势及发芽指数,提高可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量,增强幼苗中过氧化物酶(POD)活性,降低淀粉酶活性;较高浓度的水杨酸溶液(1.25～1.5 mmol/L)抑制甜玉米的萌发,与对照相比降低幼苗可溶性糖含量,增强淀粉酶活性,1.5 mmol/L水杨酸溶液处理降低POD活性及脯氨酸含量。综合各指标,在生产中建议使用0.25～0.75 mmol/L水杨酸溶液处理种子,可促进种子萌发,调节酶活性,提高植物对逆境的抗性。  相似文献   

6.
Tubers of Cassava (Manihot esculenta), yams (Dioscorea esculenta),aroids (Amorphophallus campanulatus, Colocasia esculenta, Xanthosoma sagittifolium) and Coleus (Solenostemon rotundifolius) were screened for inhibitory activities against amylase, trypsin and chymotrypsin. Coleus tuber possessed the highest anti-amylase activity, whereas Colocasia tuber was the most potent source of anti-tryptic and anti-chymotryptic activity. Xanthosoma tubers exhibited amylase inhibitory activity and Amorphophallus tubers antiprotease activity. Dioscorea esculenta had low levels of amylase and chymotrypsin inhibitors, while Cassava tubers were totally free of inhibitors. When tubers were processed by pressure cooking, there was significant reduction/complete elimination in inhibitory activity. Partial retention of inhibition was observed in the case of amylase inhibitor in Dioscorea, chymotrypsin inhibitor in Colocasia and trypsin inhibitor in Colocasia, Coleus and Amorphophallus. In vitro experiments on heat stability of the different inhibitors revealed almost similar pattern of inactivation.  相似文献   

7.
Trypsin inhibitor from moth bean was studied for thermal stability and changes during germination and cooking. The application of dry heat did not inactivate the inhibitor. However, autoclaving at 120°C at 15lbs pressure destroyed inhibitor activity completely. The extracted inhibitor lost 70% activity in 60 min when incubated at 100°C. Soaking of moth bean seeds for 8 h decreased trypsin inhibitor activity by 20%. The germination of seeds for 24 h resulted in 70% reduction in inhibitor activity. No activity was detected in 48 h germinated seeds. Germination (for 24 h) followed by cooking of moth bean seeds destroyed the trypsin inhibitor completely.  相似文献   

8.
The application of dry heat to sorghum seeds and meal was not effective in inactivating the amylase inhibitory activity. Overnight soaking followed by heat treatment was more effective in destroying amylase inhibitory activity. Cooking the meal, raw seeds and soaked seeds drastically reduced the levels of -amylase inhibitory activity.  相似文献   

9.
以黄瓜（Cucumis Sativus L.）种子为材料,研究胡敏酸（Humic Acid,HA）对苯丙烯酸（Cinnamic Acid,CA）胁迫下黄瓜种子萌发的影响及其机理。结果表明： CA对黄瓜种子萌发有明显的抑制作用, 且抑制程度随CA浓度（0.10～1.0 mmol/L）的增加而提高。 CA胁迫下, 黄瓜种子总淀粉酶、 α-淀粉酶、 β-淀粉酶及蛋白酶活性降低, 种子活力、 种子物质消耗率下降,发芽势降低。25 mg/L HA处理可以缓解CA胁迫对种子萌发的抑制作用,表现为发芽势提高,种子活力、α-淀粉酶、β-淀粉酶和蛋白酶活性以及种子物质消耗率提高。  相似文献   

10.
During the germination of legume seeds, enzymes become active in order to degrade starch, storage-protein and proteinaceous antinutritional factors. The degradation of storage-protein is necessary to make peptides and amino acids available in order to stimulate seed growth and early plant growth. Proteinaceous antinutritional factors such as amylase inhibitors, lectins and trypsin inhibitors are present in legume seeds and protect them against predators. However, during germination, they degrade to a lower level by the action of several enzymes. The effect of germination on the content and activity of amylase inhibitors, lectins, tannins and trypsin inhibitors is discussed.  相似文献   

11.
Amylase activity and qualitative changes in amylase isoenzymes as a function of barley seedling age were investigated in 10 Brazilian barley cultivars. All cultivars showed few isoenzymes in early germination. An increase in general activity ensued in the following days when new isoenzymes were detected and those already observed since early germination had their activity increased. All cultivars disclosed increase in amylase activity until the third or fourth day of germination. Some cultivars maintained this high activity until the last day analysed. Other cultivars presented a decrease in activity in the fifth or sixth day. No electrophoretic pattern or allelomorph responsible for a higher amylase activity were detected. Beta -amylase activity was always superior to alpha -amylase activity. High beta -amylase activity was already observed on the second day of germination while alpha -amylase activity began to increase only from the third day on. The results obtained suggest that, at least for the cultivars analysed, there is a high general amylase activity around the fourth day of germination, indicating that germination could stop at this moment, ensuring that hydrolitic enzyme activity required in the brewing process is met. Beta -amylase was lightly correlated with diastatic power (r=0·565) but no correlation was observed between alpha -amylase and diastatic power (r=-0·128), or neither betweenalpha - and beta -amylase with malting quality (r=0·153 andr =−0·348, respectively). These results indicate that beta -amylase activity in barley grains, more than alpha -amylase, can be a good predictor of diastatic power.  相似文献   

12.
玉米萌芽期抗旱性研究   总被引：19，自引：5，他引：19       下载免费PDF全文
对4个自交系丹340、丹9046、丹598和Mo17组成的6个杂交组合进行了萌芽期抗旱性研究.结果表明水分胁迫降低了杂交种的发芽势和发芽率,阻碍了胚芽和胚根的生长,降低了种子中贮藏物质的利用效率,也降低了胚乳中的淀粉酶活性.试验表明,不同杂交种在抗旱性上存在明显差异,抗旱性强的杂交种在水分胁迫下仍然保持较高的发芽势和发芽率,贮藏物质的利用效率和淀粉酶活性下降的幅度较小.因此认为通过对上述这些指标的测定可以较好地反映出玉米杂交种萌芽期的抗旱性。  相似文献   

13.
Pearl millet (Pennisetum typhoideum) was fermented with Lactobacilli or yeasts alone and in combination, and with natural microflora after various processing treatments, as grinding, soaking, debranning, dry heat treatment, autoclaving and germination. Fermentation was carried out at 30°C for 48 hours withLactobacillus plantarum (LP) andRhodotorula (R) isolated from naturally fermented pearl millet andLactobacillus acidophilus (LA),Candida utilis (CU) and natural microflora (NF). Germination and autoclaving, and debranning and autoclaving were the most effective processing treatments to reduce the phytic acid, amylase inhibitors and polyphenols. There was a further reduction in these antinutrients due to fermentation. Phytic acid and amylase inhibitors were completely eliminated after fermentation in some of the samples especially in soaked, debranned and germinated ones. Polyphenols were altered non-significantly in general but fermentation with Lp+R and NF caused a significant increased in polyphenols.  相似文献   

14.
酸雨胁迫对大豆萌发种子糖代谢影响初探   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
为探索酸雨影响大豆种子萌发机理,采用模拟酸雨处理大豆种子,研究酸雨对大豆萌发种子糖代谢的影响。结果表明:大豆种子的可溶性糖、还原性糖、蔗糖及淀粉含量,α-淀粉酶和淀粉酶活性均在pH2.0酸雨胁迫下受到抑制而降至最低,4种碳水化合物含量随酸雨胁迫强度的减弱呈上升趋势,α-淀粉酶对酸雨胁迫的敏感性低于淀粉酶,大豆萌发种子糖代谢对酸雨胁迫有较强适应。  相似文献   

15.
《Plant Production Science》2013,16(4):471-475
We investigated the morpho-physiological traits of rice (Oryza sativa L.) during the germination and post-germination phases to explore avoidance of hypoxic conditions. We compared four lines selected for anaerobic germination (AG lines) with the variety IR42. The germination capacity of AG lines was higher than that of IR42. The germination percentages and coleoptile elongation differed among the four AG lines; IR06F459 showed the fastest germination and rapid coleoptile elongation. The coleoptiles of IR06F459 were significantly longer than those of IR42. The α-amylase activity in germinating seeds was significantly higher in IR06F459 than in IR42. At 2 days after sowing, the sucrose and glucose concentrations in germinating seeds were higher in IR06F459 than in IR42. These results show that IR06F459, an AG line with a long coleoptile, has high α-amylase activity and high sucrose and glucose concentrations in germinating seeds. These attributes partly explain its vigorous germination and coleoptile growth under hypoxic conditions.  相似文献   

16.
中国玉米主产区栽培品种种子质量分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
以黄淮海、华北、西南三区46个玉米栽培品种种子为材料,通过物理化学指标测定、标准发芽及幼苗生长测定、逆境发芽测定、田间出苗率测定、指标间相关性分析、淀粉酶活力测定等对种子质量进行分析评鉴。结果表明,46个品种中马齿型和半马齿型的比例占80.4%。综合各项种子活力指标,排名前4位的高活力品种为先玉047、郑单958、大华玉2号和浚单26。玉米种子容重和总淀粉含量与平均田间出苗率分别呈极显著和显著正相关;发芽势、发芽率及逆境发芽各指标与平均田间出苗率均呈极显著正相关,其中抗冷测定发芽率的相关系数最高(r=0.881)。玉米种子容重和总淀粉含量是高活力玉米种子具备的典型性状,抗冷测定为玉米种子活力检测的最适方法;高活力玉米品种种子萌发中同一时期淀粉酶活力明显高于低活力玉米品种种子。  相似文献   

17.
尿素对玉米种子发芽的影响   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
欧阳西荣 《玉米科学》2000,8(4):050-052
试验结果表明,尿素可降低玉米种子发芽率,低活力种子所受的影响更显著。种子发芽过程中根茎的生长速度受尿素的影响而显著减慢,而以根的生长所受影响更大,发芽后期,幼根生长进一步减慢并逐步腐烂,从而降低出苗率。尿素使玉米种子的蛋白酶活性增加,使淀粉酶活性显著下降,酶活动平衡受到破坏。本试验这些不良影响是尿素本身的作用,而并非是缩二脲的毒害作用。  相似文献   

18.
The effect of germination on the nutritive value of mung beans (Vigna radiata) was studied in raw and cooked samples after 0, 2 and 4 days of germination. Water content increased, but crude protein, lipids, crude fiber, ash and carbohydrates decreased with germination. Trypsin inhibitor activity did not change significantly while hemagglutinins were absent. Essential amino acids (methionine, tyrptophan and lysine) decreased with germination.Net protein ratio (NPR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) in rats decreased with germination especially in cooked sprouts. True digestibility did not change consistently due to germination or cooking. In conclusion, loss of protein quality in mung beans occurs upon germination and cooking.Publication INCAP/UNU-4.  相似文献   

19.
对比研究了破壳、热处理、0.2% KNO 3个处理对无籽西瓜种子发芽的影响。结果表明：这3种方法均能明显改善无籽西瓜种子的发芽质量,0.2% KNO 处理的发芽率、发芽指数与破壳相当,发芽势低于破壳,但最终成苗率却明显高于破壳处理;热处理发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数都显著低于破壳与0.2% KNO3处理,但成苗率与破壳相当。  相似文献   

20.
Forty varieties of sorghum grown locally and four cereals were screened for inhibitory activity against human salivary amylase. Three varieties of sorghum (IS-22422, Nagi Monadi and Ngd Marnm) had maximum inhibitory activity of 124 units. Among the cereals rice had the lowest inhibitory activity. Amylase inhibitory activity was lost on germination and heating the seeds.  相似文献   

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