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棘禾草螟(Chilo hyrax Bleszynski)是蛀食荻芦茎秆的大害虫。近年来,在我省荻芦的被害株率为98％以上,对荻芦的产量与质量影响极大。通过系统调查研究,明确了棘禾草螟是湖南、湖北,江西、江苏等省荻芦最严重的害虫。棘禾草螟在湖南沅江1年发生2—3代,以老熟幼虫多数在荻芦蔸中、少数在残秆中越冬。影响其越冬虫量的因子,主要是收割芦苇时留蔸太高,放火烧苇田不适时或不放火烧苇田。防治棘禾草螟,主要采取“齐泥收割荻芦”;“适时放火烧苇田”;化学防治重点掌握第一代卵孵化高峰期,施用以杀虫双为主的农药。这一综合措施,对控制棘禾草螟的为害效果显著。 相似文献
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赤眼蜂防治荻芦茎螟研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
棘禾草螟(Chilo hyrax)和芦禾草螟(C.lutellus Mostchuleky)等茎螟是洞庭湖区为害荻(Miscanthus sacchariflorus)和芦苇(Phragmites communis)的大害虫。从1984年起利用赤跟蜂防治这类害虫,取得了良好的效果。试验表明,松毛虫赤眼蜂(Trichogramma dendrolimi)尤其适于苇田生态环境。初次放蜂的苇田,于棘禾草螟第一代始盛卵期、盛卵期和盛卵末期3次放蜂效果最好。亩放蜂量5—6万头,盛卵期放蜂量应占全部放蜂量的三分之二。放蜂点距离以10米为宜。连续放蜂2—3年后,亩释放量可缩减至3—4万头。 相似文献
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荻Miscanthus saccharilorus(Ma-xim.)是我国重要的造纸原料之一。湖北苇医蛀入荻心或茎秆中为害的主要害虫有荻蛀茎夜蛾Sesamia sp.、棘禾草螟Chilo hy-rax Bleszynski、大螟Sesamia inferens(Walker)、条螟Chilo sacchariphagusstramineellus Caradja等,尤以荻蛀茎夜蛾、棘禾草螟的第一代害荻最重。春季大量 相似文献
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在虫生真菌资源研究中,经常见到三化螟(Tryporyza incertulas)、二化螟(Chilosuppressalis)、大螟(Sesamia inferens)、棘禾草螟(Chilo hyrax)、芦螟(C.lute-llus)及高粱条螟(Proceras uenosata)等鳞翅目昆虫的蛹和幼虫被虫花(Isaria farino-sa)所寄生。虫花是鳞翅目螟虫类蛹和幼虫的一种重要虫生真菌,对越冬虫体侵染率很高。每年3～4月份在稻茬、芦杆中越冬的螟虫,尤其在半干湿的紫云英绿肥田稻茬中和潮湿的芦杆中常见被寄生。 相似文献
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不同药剂防治水稻大螟药效试验 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为筛选防治水稻大螟药剂,进行了大螟防治药剂筛选试验,对6种供试药剂进行了小区药效试验。试验结果表明:在一、二代大螟1～2龄幼虫发生盛期,阿维.氟酰胺10%乳油30mL/667m2,氯虫苯甲酰胺200克/升10mL/667m2,或者甜核.苏云菌可湿性粉剂30mL/667m2对大螟防治效果良好,分别达到94.26%,86.89%和84.43%,优于其它供试药剂,是防治大螟的优良药剂。 相似文献
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油菜田除草剂──精禾草克精禾草克是日本日产公司生产的选择性内吸传导型化学除草剂，它是由禾草克提纯改良而成，性能更卓越，药效更稳定。精禾草克能有效防除油菜田及阔叶作物田中多种禾本科杂草。如一年生禾本科杂草：看麦娘、千金子、野糜子、棒头草、龙爪草、硬草。... 相似文献
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洞庭湖区获芦害虫发生严重,使用生物防治方法防治获芦害虫,是害虫生物防治中最成功的事例之一。本文对利用赤眼蜂防治棘术草螟等蛀茎害虫,利用苏云金杆菌（B．t．）防治芦毒蛾等食叶害虫,以及对这两种害虫实行生物防治的方法作了评价。 相似文献
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2017年6月－7月, 系统调查了树锦鸡儿、甘蒙锦鸡儿、荒漠锦鸡儿和中间锦鸡儿4种植物上第一代柠条种子小蜂种群动态及寄主荚果发育进程。结果表明, 不同寄主植物上的柠条种子小蜂幼虫、蛹、成虫数量有显著性差异, 密度大小依次为: 树锦鸡儿＞中间锦鸡儿＞甘蒙锦鸡儿＞荒漠锦鸡儿。在发生时间动态上, 柠条种子小蜂幼虫、蛹和成虫的数量基本呈现先逐渐上升后下降的趋势, 4种寄主植物上不同虫态的柠条种子小蜂高峰期出现时间各不相同。甘蒙锦鸡儿上的小蜂出现最早, 6月17日幼虫达到高峰期; 中间锦鸡儿上的小蜂出现最晚, 7月2日幼虫高峰期, 7月14日成虫高峰期; 树锦鸡儿与荒漠锦鸡儿居中。柠条种子小蜂发育进程与锦鸡儿植物的荚果发育进程吻合。本文讨论了柠条种子小蜂种群动态与寄主植物的关系, 明确了柠条种子小蜂发生和达到高峰的时间, 为柠条种子小蜂预测预报和综合治理提供依据。 相似文献
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The glycolipid antibiotic rhamnolipid B isolated from Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain B5 was evaluated for in vitro antifungal activity and in vivo control against phytophthora blight and anthracnose under glasshouse conditions. Rhamnolipid B showed antifungal activity against Cercospora kikuchii, Cladosporium cucumerinum, Colletotrichum orbiculare, Cylindrocarpon destructans, Magnaporthe grisea and Phytophthora capsici. Microscopic observation revealed that the high level of antifungal activity (10 µg ml −1) against P capsici was mainly due to a lytic effect on zoospores. Zoospore lysis began in the presence of 10 µg ml −1 of rhamnolipid B and most of the zoospores were collapsed at 25 µg ml −1. Rhamnolipid B showed inhibitory activity against the germination of zoospores and hyphal growth of P capsici at concentrations of 50 µg ml −1. Spore germination of the anthracnose plant pathogen C orbiculare was also inhibited in the presence of 50 µg ml −1 of rhamnolipid B, although hyphal growth was not affected at this concentration. In the glasshouse, the efficacy of rhamnolipid B against phytophthora blight was similar to that of metalaxyl on pepper plants when treated just before inoculation with P capsici. Treatment with either at 500 µg ml −1 completely protected pepper plants from phytophthora blight. Rhamnolipid B also suppressed the development of C orbiculare infection on leaves of cucumber plants. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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根据南方菜豆花叶病毒（ＳＢＭＶ）两株系Ｂ和Ｃ的核酸序列设计两对引物，利用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ可以特异地区分纯化的和０．２ｇ病叶中的两株系，ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ检测ＳＢＭＶ－Ｂ的灵敏度为１０ｐｇ。 相似文献
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烟草黑胫病菌对两种保护性杀菌剂的敏感性测定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用菌落生长速率法测定了2005年从云南、贵州、山东烟区病株上分离到的38个烟草黑胫病菌Phytophthora nicotianae Breda de haan var.nicotianae Waterhouse 菌株对两种保护性杀菌剂的敏感性。结果表明:百菌清(B)对各参试菌株的EC50值在2.33~49.47 μg/mL之间,平均值为9.35(±2.77) μg/mL;代森锰锌(Z)对各参试菌株的EC50值在3.51~82.05 μg/mL之间,平均值为10.59(±4.06) μg/mL。B及Z对除XR001外的37个菌株的EC50值分别呈连续的双峰(主峰明显)和单峰频次分布;B对构成敏感性正态频次分布主峰的30个菌株的EC50均值5.99(±0.78) μg/mL 和Z对组成连续敏感性正态频次分布的37个菌株的EC50均值8.66(±1.09) μg/mL 可分别作为烟草黑胫病菌对B及Z的敏感性基线。 相似文献
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博斯腾湖沉积物孔隙水中溶解有机质的三维荧光光谱特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
运用三维分子荧光光谱法,研究博斯腾湖中的天然溶解有机质(DOM)。结果显示：博斯腾湖沉积物孔隙水DOM出现了2～4个明显的荧光峰,峰A和峰C为类蛋白峰,峰B为类富里酸峰,峰D为类腐殖酸峰。博斯腾湖不同采样点沉积物孔隙水DOM中类蛋白物质荧光强度普遍高于类腐殖质（富里酸和腐殖酸）荧光强度。各峰荧光强度从黄水沟入湖口到湖中心呈下降趋势。盐度与各采样点的DOM荧光特征没有明显的相关性。DOM荧光强度随着沉积深度总体呈上升趋势。博斯腾湖沉积物孔隙水DOM的r(B/D)（富里酸峰与腐殖酸峰荧光强度比）平均值为1.01,腐殖质荧光强度较稳定,有机质结构和成熟度变化不明显,可能源自同一个。荧光指数平均值为1.82,说明其DOM中的腐殖质主要源于生物输入。 相似文献
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R Wiger 《Folia parasitologica》1978,25(2):103-108
Experimental infections of Babesia microti in laboratory-reared Clethrionomys glareolus revealed that approximately 15% of the erythrocytes were infected with single ring forms during peak parasitemia. Infected erythrocytes could be detected in blood smears up to one month post infection. C. glareolus treated with a single injection of Depo-Medrol i.m. two days prior to infection displayed a four-fold increase in number of infected erythrocytes at peak parasitemia, 35% of which contained more than one Babesia, and a prolongation of the infection. B. microti infections in 35 laboratory--reared Lemmus lemmus were fatal. Multiple invasion of erythrocytes, anemia, icterus, hemoglobinuria, anorexia and weight loss, and adrenal and splenic hypertrophy were characteristic for B. microti infections in Norwegian lemmings. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT Botrytis cinerea is an economically important pathogen. Epidemiological studies are difficult because of the genetic variability within this species. The objectives of this work were to study the variability and to compare the inhibitory effects of Ca on three isolates of B. cinerea from decayed apple (B) and grape (C and C77:4). Among these isolates, B had the least radial growth but had a sporulation rate 40% higher than that of both C77:4 and C. In situ, isolate C incited the largest decay area in the fruit of two of four apple cultivars examined and had the highest polygalacturonase activity in vitro. Maximum mycelial growth was reached with CaCl(2) at 1 g liter(-1) for isolates B and C77:4 and at 4 g liter(-1) for isolate C. Calcium (CaCl(2)) inhibited polygalacturonase activity at 1 g liter(-1) for C and C77:4 and at 16 g liter(-1) for B. Calcium infiltration reduced decay caused by all three isolates by three to five times. Mycelial DNA analysis showed that 42% of the character loci scored were polymorphic and the greatest similarities were found between B and C77:4. These results support the evidence that the biological and statistical variability in research can be affected by the B. cinerea isolate selected. Despite this variation, Ca treatment of apples reduced decay caused by all three Botrytis cinerea isolates. 相似文献