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1.
为有效评价和利用广西斑茅种质资源,扩增甘蔗遗传基础。对183份广西斑茅种质资源主要表型性状及遗传多样性进行分析。结果表明：广西斑茅种质资源表型遗传多样性比较低,13个描述型性状的遗传多样性指数在0.0000~1.2349之间,平均为0.3070,以毛群较高,生长带形状较低,空心、气根、根点排列和脱叶性4个性状无多态性表现;不同地区的斑茅资源遗传多样性指数在0.2851~0.5072之间,且以钦州的多样性最大,其次是桂林和崇左,以来宾的多样性最小。5个数值型性状的变异系数在13.54%~29.11%之间,平均为19.59%,以叶宽比较大,叶长较小;10个地区的斑茅资源变异系数在16.48%~21.92%之间,以桂林最大,百色最小。通过聚类分析,183份资源可以分为10个类群,各类群遗传分化不明显,与地理来源无密切联系。本研究揭示了广西不同地区斑茅的表型特异性和遗传多样性,为斑茅资源的采集、保育和杂交利用提供理论参考。 相似文献
2.
对来源于甘肃省不同地州的148份玉米地方种质资源的22个主要性状进行了遗传多样性分析。结果表明：①甘肃省玉米地方种质资源的多样性在地州间存在明显差异,多样性以陇南、天水、平凉、庆阳、定西富集地,多样性指数范围在1.5941～1.2126;而河西地区的武威、张掖、酒泉、金昌,陇中地区的兰州、临夏、白银多样性相对较低,多样性指数范围在0.9627～0.5679。②甘肃省玉米地方种质资源各地区间主要性状的多样性差异也十分明显,22种性状在各地区的多样性有不同差异,多样性指数范围在0～2.1093。③22个主要性状的多样性则以开花日数、穗轴粗、行粒数、主茎叶片数、黑粉病、抽丝日数、穗粗、穗位高、穗长、抽雄日数、雄穗分枝数等11个数量性状的多样性指数较大,多样性指数范围在2.0996～2.0056,粒型（0.5465）、小斑病病级（0.5499）、轴色（0.5829）和穗型（0.8701）等质量性状的多样性指数较小。研究表明甘肃省玉米地方种质资源的变异较大,遗传较丰富。 相似文献
3.
为探讨利用DUS测试性状对大豆品种进行遗传多样性研究的可行性，更好地对大豆品种资源进行评价与分类，本研究以106个适合西南地区种植的春大豆品种为材料，分析31个DUS测试表型性状的遗传多样性，并对不同类型表型性状的多样性进行比较和评价。结果表明：共检测到31个DUS测试性状的153个等位变异，平均每个性状检测到4.94个。质量性状多样性指数均小于1,假质量性状多样性指数为0.05～1.42,测量型数量性状多样性指数为1.43～1.91。本研究首次使用的9个表型性状多样性指数为0.55～1.28。性状相关性分析表明花色与大豆幼苗下胚轴花青甙是否显色高度相关。聚类分析将106个品种分为4组，每个组群具有各自独特的表型特征。研究结果说明DUS测试性状多且多样性高，能够对大豆品种资源进行更全面客观的评价。基于DUS测试性状的聚类分析划分不同种质类型，筛选出20份优异种质资源。 相似文献
4.
为了拓宽玉米种质资源遗传基础,了解玉米种质资源表型性状遗传多样性水平,选择205份玉米种质资源的23个表型性状,利用变异系数、遗传多样性指数及多种分析方法,结合F值综合评价玉米种质资源。结果表明,大多数种质资源花丝色及花药色均为黄绿色,株型中间型,轴色浅红色,穗型筒形,粒型硬粒型,子粒形状中间形,粒色浅黄。穗长的遗传多样性指数H''最大,穗行数的H''最小;粗蛋白质含量和粗脂肪含量的H''相同,总淀粉含量的H''最小。15个数量性状和3个品质性状之间呈现显著或极显著正相关,千粒重与穗行数呈极显著负相关,各数量性状间相互联系又相互制约。通过聚类分析,205份资源被划分为3大类群。通过综合得分F值筛选出10份优异玉米种质,可作为优良的种质资源创新材料和遗传育种的亲本来源。 相似文献
5.
本文分析51份江苏及国内外引进的裸大麦种质资源的农艺性状表现,研究不同裸大麦种质在江苏沿江地区的丰产性和适应性,为江苏地区裸大麦品种的选择及选育提供参考。对51份种质资源的7个质量性状和9个数量性状进行考察测定,并运用相关性分析、主成分分析及聚类分析等统计方法对16个性状进行遗传多样性分析。不同裸大麦种质资源的单株穗数、单株产量、穗长、千粒质量、穗下节间长5个性状的变异系数较大,分别为29.96%、27.23%、18.39%、18.10%和16.74%;16个性状的平均遗传多样性指数为1.46,其中抽穗期、单株穗数、株高、穗长、穗下节间长、单株产量、千粒质量及结实率8个数量性状的遗传多样性指数均>1.8,表明51份裸大麦种质资源遗传多样性丰富。相关性分析表明,裸大麦穗粒数与抽穗期、穗下节间长、单株产量呈极显著正相关关系（P <0.01）,千粒质量与穗长及结实率、单株穗数与结实率、抽穗期与穗下节间长及每穗粒数呈极显著正相关关系,抽穗期与结实率、单株穗数与每穗粒数、每穗粒数与千粒质量及结实率呈极显著负相关关系（P <0.01）。主成分分析选取了前3个主成分,其主要与每穗粒... 相似文献
6.
胡麻核心种质资源表型变异及SRAP分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国油料作物学报》2017,(6)
为了深入了解胡麻核心种质资源的表型变异和遗传多样性,对401份胡麻种质14个表型性状进行多元统计分析。结果表明:14个表型性状平均变异系数为17.87%,平均遗传多样性指数为2.132,28对表型性状间呈极显著相关,4对呈显著相关。用26对SRAP引物评价了胡麻核心种质,共扩增出234个多态性条带,多态性信息量(PIC)平均为0.60;有效等位基因数(Ne)、香农信息指数(I)和Nei's基因多样性指数(H)在物种水平上分别为1.584 7、0.523 5和0.347 9,在群体水平上分别为1.510 5、0.464 4和0.305 4。聚类分析结果显示,在遗传相似系数为0.295和0.375处,将401份胡麻资源分为2大类和7个亚类,与国内外7个不同地区来源吻合。结果表明供试胡麻种质资源农艺性状的变异大于品质性状的变异,地理环境是影响胡麻种质资源遗传多样性的主要因素。 相似文献
7.
为更好选择和利用优势亲本,提高水稻新品种选育效率,以来自福建、东北地区和宁夏的60份水稻种质为材料,通过变异系数、遗传多样性指数、聚类分析、主成分分析、逐步回归分析等方法对水稻18个主要表型性状的多样性进行评价。结果表明,18个表型性状的变异系数在1.10%~63.40%之间,其中黄粒米的变异系数最大（63.40%）,整精米率、垩白粒率、垩白度、不完善粒等稻米外观品质变异系数次之,均在34.00%以上,出糙率和生育期的变异系数较小,分别是1.10%和2.94%;18个性状的表型多样性指数为1.74~2.10,其中生育期的多样性指数最低,小区产量的多样性指数最高;按照来源对60份稻种资源表型多样性指数进行分析,各地区稻种资源的表型多样性指数变异较大,其中福建的变异幅度最大（1.06~2.10）、东北次之（1.50~2.09）、宁夏变异范围最小（1.51~2.01）。参试水稻资源在遗传距离为1.03时分4类,明确了各类资源的特征特性;基于主成分分析的综合D值,对种质资源进行排序,筛选的综合得分最高的前10名种质;同时利用主成分分析的D值与逐步回归分析,构建了水稻资源评价方程,该方程的构建为水稻资源综合评价、筛选提供了依据。 相似文献
8.
对我国甘蔗种质资源表型性状进行分析，研究其遗传变异规律，为甘蔗遗传育种亲本的选择、核心种质群体的构建提供理论依据。以来自国内8个不同地区的160份甘蔗品种/亲本为材料，参照《甘蔗种质资源描述规范和数据标准》进行表型性状评价。结果表明：大部分性状表现出丰富的遗传多样性，20个质量性状的多样性指数在0.07～1.40之间，平均为0.84，以芽型最大，茎形最小；5个数量性状的变异系数（CV）在8.74%～38.26%之间，平均为17.69%，有效茎的变异系数最大（38.26%），株高的变异系数最小（8.74%），多样性指数（H’）分布在1.46～1.83之间，平均为1.64，株高的多样性指数最高（1.83），有效茎的多样性指数最低（1.46）；不同地区供试材料的平均变异系数为13.56%～22.33%，来自海南的品种群体的变异系数最大（22.33%），数量性状的离散程度最大；来自福建的品种群体的变异系数最小（13.56%）。以4个数量性状为基础的聚类分析将160份种质材料分为7类，其中，第5类占总资源量的90.62%，该类群资源具有高产高糖的特性。该研究结果为甘蔗种质资源的利用、亲本选择及品... 相似文献
9.
对南方大豆150份核心种质的15个主要农艺及产量性状进行表型多样性分析.结果表明:底荚高度、株高、有效分枝数的变异系数均在30%以上,单株粒数、单株荚数、百粒重、单株粒重、单位面积产量的变异系数均在20%以上;主成分分析结果表明,前5个主成分对变异的累计贡献率达88.432%,而其数量性状的差异主要是由生育期结构性状引起的;不同性状的多样性指数不同,同一性状在不同生态区种群中的多样性也不同;经聚类分析,南方大豆核心种质7个生态区域种群可划分为3组;随着纬度的升高,不同来源地大豆种质平均单位面积产量呈先增加后降低的趋势;筛选到大豆优异种质12份,并提出了其在生产和育种上的应用前景. 相似文献
10.
青稞种质资源的SSR标记遗传多样性分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了明确青藏高原青稞种质资源的遗传多样性,并为青稞育种提供依据,利用分布于青稞14条染色体长、短臂上的14对SSR引物对来自青藏高原区域内西藏、青海、四川和云南的55份青稞材料的遗传多样性进行了分析。结果表明,每个位点检测出的等位基因数为2～10个,共检测出总位点数48个,平均3.7个,各多态位点检测出基因型为1～21种,Nei’s基因多样性指数为0～0.4998,平均为0.2921,Shannon信息指数为0～0.6930,平均为0.4461,表明青藏高原青稞种质资源具有丰富的遗传多样性。不同生态区青稞材料在遗传上存在较大的差异,云南参试材料的Nei’s基因多样性指数最高,Shannon信息指数最低,是四个区域中遗传多样性最丰富的地区。聚类分析将材料分为五组,部分材料的来源与所研究的SSR引物位点相关性状存在独立性,但总体上基于SSR多态性的聚类与材料来源地区存在一定的相关性。 相似文献
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12.
Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
13.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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15.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
16.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
17.
Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
18.
Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献
19.
Chitosan is considered to be one of the most promising and applicable materials in adsorption applications. The existence of amino and hydroxyl groups in its molecules contributes to many possible adsorption interactions between chitosan and pollutants (dyes, metals, ions, phenols, pharmaceuticals/drugs, pesticides, herbicides, etc.). These functional groups can help in establishing positions for modification. Based on the learning from previously published works in literature, researchers have achieved a modification of chitosan with a number of different functional groups. This work summarizes the published works of the last three years (2012–2014) regarding the modification reactions of chitosans (grafting, cross-linking, etc.) and their application to adsorption of different environmental pollutants (in liquid-phase). 相似文献
20.
Alexander N. Shikov Elena V. Flisyuk Ekaterina D. Obluchinskaya Olga N. Pozharitskaya 《Marine drugs》2020,18(11)
Marine organisms represent an excellent source of innovative compounds that have the potential for the development of new drugs. The pharmacokinetics of marine drugs has attracted increasing interest in recent decades due to its effective and potential contribution to the selection of rational dosage recommendations and the optimal use of the therapeutic arsenal. In general, pharmacokinetics studies how drugs change after administration via the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). This review provides a summary of the pharmacokinetics studies of marine-derived active compounds, with a particular focus on their ADME. The pharmacokinetics of compounds derived from algae, crustaceans, sea cucumber, fungus, sea urchins, sponges, mollusks, tunicate, and bryozoan is discussed, and the pharmacokinetics data in human experiments are analyzed. In-depth characterization using pharmacokinetics is useful for obtaining information for understanding the molecular basis of pharmacological activity, for correct doses and treatment schemes selection, and for more effective drug application. Thus, an increase in pharmacokinetic research on marine-derived compounds is expected in the near future. 相似文献