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为了明确棉花黄萎病菌大丽轮枝菌(Verticillium dahliae Kleb.)的VdSge1基因功能,本研究利用基因同源重组原理,通过构建敲除载体,对棉花黄萎病菌落叶型强致病力菌株V592的VdSge1基因进行了敲除,获得了4个目标基因敲除的突变体;以野生型菌株V592为对照,通过对敲除突变体生物学性状和致病性测定,结果表明,突变体的菌落生长速度、产孢量明显高于野生型,并且丧失对棉花的致病性。利用q RT-PCR对其他基因在突变体中的表达情况进行分析,结果表明,VdSge1基因敲除后,VMK1、VGB和VdGARP1的表达量随之下降,而VDH1和PevD1的表达却明显上升。由此说明,VdSge1基因与大丽轮枝菌的菌落生长速度、产孢量及致病性密切相关,并且可以影响其他一些基因的表达。 相似文献
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为了研究马铃薯黄萎病菌的侵染机制,将绿色荧光蛋白基因(GFP)通过农杆菌介导的遗传转化方法转入马铃薯黄萎病菌VD012中,经过潮霉素选择性培养基的筛选和分子鉴定,获得了47株有绿色荧光信号的阳性转化子。随机挑取8株阳性转化子,以野生型菌株为对照,对转化子的菌落形态、菌丝的生长速率、产孢量、粗毒素含量和致病力进行了研究。结果表明,8株阳性转化子中有3株微菌核产生的数量明显高于野生型,1株转化子微菌核产生量低于野生型菌株;各阳性转化子的生长速率和野生型菌株差异不显著;阳性转化子的产孢量与对照相比,有2株差异不显著。其余均有不同程度的降低。保湿培养8 h,所有阳性转化子的平均萌发率低于野生型菌株。相比对照,粗毒素的含量表现为升高趋势的转化子有7株,1株表现为下降趋势。致病力测定的结果表明,致病力增强的转化子有1株,2株转化子的致病力呈现降低的趋势。 相似文献
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为了研究黄萎病菌的侵染机制,通过农杆菌介导的转化方法,将绿色荧光蛋白基因sGFP导入落叶型黄萎病菌VD07038,将红色荧光蛋白基因mCherryRFP导入非落叶型黄萎病菌Bp2中,分别获得了具有绿色、红色荧光信号的阳性转化子。经过分子验证和连续继代培养,证明了这些转化子具有遗传稳定的对潮霉素的抗性。通过对转化子的菌落形态、生长速度和致病力进行检测,发现大部分转化子与野生型基本一致,少量转化子发生变异,其中转化子Bp2R-30不能产生微菌核,致病力显著下降。利用荧光显微镜观察了转化子VD07038G-10在感病棉花品种苏棉22幼苗根部的侵染情况。结果表明,在接菌12 h后VD07038G-10的孢子可吸附在根表面;接种7~9 d后,菌丝入侵到棉花根部的维管组织。本研究获得的荧光蛋白标记的棉花黄萎病菌VD07038G-10可用于实时观测黄萎病菌侵染棉花根系的过程,并且可以定量鉴定不同棉花品种对该菌系的抗性,为棉花黄萎病菌抗性鉴定提供一种新方法。 相似文献
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[Objective] Our research aimed to identify pathogenicity defective mutants from a T-DNA insertion mutant library of Verticillium dahliae strain Vd991 and to analyze pathogenicity-related genes. [Method] In total, 294 T-DNA insertion mutants of V. dahliae were tested for their virulence using a cotton infection assay. Southern blot assays were performed to identify the T-DNA insertion copy number of each pathogenicity defective mutant. DNA sequences flanking the T-DNA insertional sites of each mutant were analyzed by high-efficiency thermal asymmetric interlaced PCR. [Result] Based on the virulence assay, the disease indices of cotton plants inoculated with each mutant decreased very significantly in comparison with the index of those inoculated with Vd991. The Southern blot assay revealed that only one mutant contained two T-DNA insertions, while the remaining eight mutants harbored a single T-DNA insert. An analysis of biological characteristics found that the growth and conidial production of these mutants were impaired by the T-DNA insertions compared with the wild type Vd991. The T-DNAs' insertion position and distribution in each mutant were identified by comparison with genome sequences of strain VdLs.17. Furthermore, the pathogenicity-related genes were cloned from strain Vd991. [Conclusion] The screening and identification of T-DNA insertion mutants is an effective method to identify the pathogenicity-related genes of V. dahliae on a genome-wide scale. This laid a foundation for the further breeding of disease-resistant cotton varieties and will promote the study of the pathogenic molecular mechanisms of V. dahliae. 相似文献
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[Objective] The study of pathogenicity differentiation of Verticillium dahliae in the cotton growing areas in Hunan province could provide theories for breeding and promoting resistant varieties as well as integrated control of Verticillium wilt of cotton. [Method] Seventy seven strains of V. dahliae from major cotton growing areas in Hunan province were evaluated their cultural characteristics. The growth rate, sporulation quantity and pathogenicity of 31 strains among them were tested and SAS 9.1.3 statistical analysis software was used to cluster the pathogenicity of the tested strains. The special primer (D-1/D-2 and ND-1/ND-2) for polymerase chain reaction assay was used to test pathotype of 24 strains. [Result] According to their colony morphology on potato dextrose agar media and culture characteristics, the strains were classified into the sclerotium type, the hyphal type and the intermediate type accounted for 14.28%, 42.86% and 42.86%, respectively. The growth rate and sporulation quantity of the strains were 1.22–2.54 mm·d－1 and 5.3×106–40.6×106 spore·mL－1, which showed significant difference. In addition, based on the clustering results of average disease index,the strains were clustered into three groups which showed high (Type Ⅰ), low (Type Ⅱ) and moderate (Type Ⅲ) virulence to cotton with the proportion of 3.2%, 12.9% and 83.9%, respectively. [Conclusion] It is conclude that the main culture types of V. dahliae in Hunan province are the hyphal type and the intermediate type, and the strains showed pathogenicity differentiation. The result showed that defoliating pathotype of V. dahliae was dominant in the cotton growing areas of Hunan province． 相似文献
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大丽轮枝菌是广泛分布的土壤习居菌,能引起棉花黄萎病害,因其形成的微菌核生命力强,可在土壤中存活多年,是大丽轮枝菌型黄萎病的主要初侵染来源。为开展微菌核的研究,本试验对微菌核形成最佳培养基进行了筛选,采用6种培养基,培养6株大丽轮枝菌(Verticillium dahliae Kleb.),通过生长速率、微菌核数量、微菌核直径和微菌核萌发率4项指标筛选合适的培养基。结果表明：改良燕麦培养基形成微菌核的数量和直径均优于其他培养基;M1和BMM培养基形成微菌核的数量较多,其微菌核直径均小于半组合培养基。因此,改良燕麦、M1和BMM培养基,根据实验需要均可作为快速培养微菌核的理想培养基。 相似文献
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江苏省棉花黄萎病菌的培养特性及致病力分化监测 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
对2008年来自江苏的37个棉花黄萎病菌菌株进行了培养特性及致病性分化监测。根据在PDA培养基上生长时形成微菌核的多少,菌株可分为3种培养类型,其中菌核型占54.1%,菌丝型占24.3%,中间型占21.6%。菌核型上升成为主要的培养类型,并且出现了初分离培养时,菌落特征为完全黑色微菌核的菌膜菌核型菌株。采用特异性引物（D-1/D-2和ND-1/ND-2）PCR检测菌株的致病类型,结果落叶型菌株占83.8%,非落叶型菌株占16.2%,显示目前江苏省棉花黄萎病菌以落叶型菌株为主,并且在每个植棉市都有分布。苗期致病力测定表明江苏省棉花黄萎病菌存在明显的致病力分化,其中致病力强的菌株占27.0%,中等的占40.5%,弱的占32.4%,并且在落叶型和非落叶型群体中都存在致病力强、中、弱的菌株。 相似文献
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Li Shezeng Niu Luxin Li Bochao Chen Xiuye Liu Chang Lu Xiuyun Guo Qinggang Ma Ping Ma Zhiying 《棉花学报》2021,32(6):501-521
[Objective] The aim of this study is to investigate the cotton differential metabolites in the interaction between Verticillium dahliae and cotton plant, and to explore new clues for the further study on the defense mechanism of cotton against V. dahliae. [Method] To obtain the cotton root, stem and leaf samples of the pathogen treated and healthy controls, the upland cotton cultivar CCRI 24 was selected as tested cotton material in this paper, and inoculated with V. dahliae conidia or sterile water by injuring root at the 2-true-leaf stage. The 70% (volume fraction) methanol extracts of these samples were separated and detected by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS), and the metabolite data were obtained by the online XCMS software. Through multivariate statistics and student’s t-test, the differential metabolites were investigated. The types of metabolites were putatively identified based on the comparison of the experimental molecular mass and the monoisotopic accurate molecular mass of cotton metabolites. [Result] The efficiency of negative ion mode was higher than that of positive ion detection mode in the cotton metabolites in UPLC-ESI-MS analysis. 576 ions mainly distributed in cotton root were found in the cotton seedling tissues including root, stem and leaf, which were the distinguished differential metabolites between V. dahliae treatment and healthy control. Among them, 77 ions were identified as sesquiterpenoids, diterpenoids, flavonoids, carbohydrates, aliphatics and phenols. In addition to sesquiterpenes, 17 compounds, including caffeic acid, astragalin, isoastragalin, dillenetin, ent-catechin, gossypetin 8-rhamnoside, gossypicyanin, herbacetin 7-glucoside, leucocyanidin, quercetin 3'-glucoside, quercetin 3-glucoside, quercetin 7-glycosides, α,2',3,3',4,4',6-heptahydroxychalcone 2'-glucoside, melibiose, sucrose, sucrose 6-phosphate and 1-tetratriacontanol, had not been reported in the literatures on the interaction between V. dahliae and cotton, which may be the novel pathogenesis-related metabolites on cotton Verticillium wilt. [Conclusion] The putative pathogenesis-related metabolites of cotton Verticillium wilt may play an important role in the interaction of cotton defense against V. dahliae, which provides an important clue for exploring the new resistant mechanism of cotton to Verticillium wilt. 相似文献
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生防细菌NCD-2突变体构建及抑菌功能基因的防病作用 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
生防细菌NCD-2是一株枯草芽孢杆菌菌株,该菌株通过分泌抑菌肽而对棉花黄萎病病原菌和棉花立枯病病原菌起到抑制作用。本研究着重通过原生质体法与诱导转座方法,建立了携带转座子Tn917质粒pTV1对枯草芽孢杆菌NCD-2野生菌株的转化体系与转座子突变技术,获得1500多个转座子插入突变子。通过测定这些突变子对大丽轮枝菌的抑制作用,筛选到2个抗生作用丧失的抑菌功能缺失的突变子。室内盆栽试验结果表明这2个抑菌功能缺失突变子对棉花立枯病的防效显著低于野生菌株,说明NCD-2野生菌株产生的抑菌肽在该菌株防治棉花立枯病中起到主要作用,进而说明编码该抑菌肽的基因在该菌株防治棉花立枯病中具有重要作用。 相似文献
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棉花黄萎病菌T-DNA插入突变体库的构建及其表型分析 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
以棉花强致病力黄萎病菌株V592为材料,利用农杆菌介导的T-DNA插入技术构建了一个含15000个转化子的突变体库,对突变体的生物学特性、致病力及T-DNA插入拷贝数进行研究,结果显示：(1) 突变体的菌落形态分为菌核型、中间型、菌丝型和菌膜型,分别占92.12%,4.54%,3.19%和0.15%;（2）菌核型、中间型和菌丝型菌株,在菌落生长速度和孢子大小方面无明显差异;而在产孢量方面,菌核型普遍强于中间型和菌丝型;（3）致病性测定显示,菌核型的致病力普遍强于中间型和菌丝型;（4）Southern杂交显示,T-DNA单拷贝数插入的突变体比率约为70.99%,而菌核型的单插入率为80.00%,明显高于中间型(69.23%)和菌丝型(64.71%)。以上结果表明,农杆菌介导转化技术可用于棉花黄萎病菌突变体库的快速构建,突变体的菌落表型与其产孢能力、致病力及T-DNA插入拷贝数等之间存在一定的相关性。 相似文献
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棉花黄萎菌落叶型菌系毒素纯化及抗血清制备 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
用SephacrylS 200HR层析柱纯化了V991菌系毒素,经叶片针刺涂抹方法确认其致萎功能后,免疫大白兔制备了抗血清。用间接ELISA方法对强、中、弱3种不同致病力共10个菌株的培养液进行了特异性检测,结果表明:抗血清具备一定生理型特异性,能够准确检出全部强致病力落叶型菌系,可作为不同生理型划分的指标之一。用毛细管电泳、SDS PAGE和Western杂交方法检测了V991毒素的组分:在中性条件下,毒素在毛细管电泳时存在2个峰;SDS PAGE将毒素分为8条带,其中4条主带具有强烈的致萎性;Western点杂交的反应强度与相应蛋白回收带的致萎功能之间明显相关。 相似文献
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为了研究新疆乌苏地区棉花黄萎病菌的致病型和群体间的变异性,从该地区不同棉株上分离8株病原菌,通过对病原菌的菌落培养形态、菌丝和孢子的显微结构、对寄主的致病性、ITS序列的克隆、菌株间的系统进化及营养亲和性分析等方面进行了研究。结果表明：分离的病原菌均属于非落叶型棉花黄萎病菌(Verticillium dahliae),为大丽轮枝菌;系统进化树显示8株菌在系统进化上属于2个不同的进化方式;8株黄萎病菌在相同的寄主上致病性存在差,Vd-1菌株致病力最强,Vd-34致病力最弱;不同致病力的菌株之间的营养亲和性分为2个营养亲和群(VCGs)。新疆乌苏地区棉花黄萎病的致病菌是大丽轮枝菌,病原菌在进化上差异显著。 相似文献
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Isolation and Characterization of Endophytic Bacillus methylotrophicus LH-L3 Antagonist of Cotton Verticillium Wilt 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
The aim of this study is to obtain endophytic Bacillus with control effect on cotton Verticillium wilt. [Method] The cotton tissue grinding liquid was heated at 80 ℃, and spread onto the Luria-Bertani ager medium. The strains with better inhibitory effects on Verticillium dahliae Vd084, a strain with strong pathogenicity, was identified by the morphology, physiological and biochemical traits as well as 16S rRNA, gyrB and rpoB sequences, and its control effect on cotton Verticillium wilt was determined by pot experiments. [Result] 61 similar Bacillus strains were isolated from cotton plants. Among them, 17 strains could inhibit Verticillium dahliae Vd084. A strain named LH-L3 with a relatively higher antagonistic activity and a broad inhibition spectrum was obtained in the second screening. LH-L3 was classified into Bacillus methylotrophicus. Compared with the control, the emergence rate, plant height, root length, fresh weight of aerial part and underground part of cotton with 106 mL－1 LH-L3 suspension drenching for 3 times increased by 42.85%, 10.24%, 23.83%, 10.05% and 97.62%, respectively. And control effect on Verticillium wilt was 85.24%. [Conclusion] LH-L3 had good growth promotion and Verticillium wilt control effects and showed good potential for biological control. 相似文献
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【目的】旨在深入挖掘大丽轮枝菌致病相关基因。【方法】运用转录组测序技术比较分析了强致病力大丽轮枝菌Vd991在侵染陆地棉品种Coker 312早期阶段的基因表达情况。【结果】对Vd991侵染前后的转录组数据进行差异表达分析,共筛选到979个差异表达基因(Differentially expressed genes,DEGs),其中376个上调,603个下调。通过基因注释和功能分类发现,这些DEGs涉及细胞增殖与生长、产孢、碳水化合物结合、蛋白激酶活性调节、裂解酶活性、水解酶活性等功能。对上调DEGs进行基因本体(Gene ontology,GO)功能富集分析,发现共有277个GO词条达到显著富集水平(P0.05),涉及生长速率正向调控、核苷酸合成、解旋酶活性等功能;京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes,KEGG)通路分析表明,上调DEGs参与53个代谢通路,包括嘧啶代谢、嘌呤代谢等。【结论】在早期侵染过程中,大丽轮枝菌细胞增殖相关基因表现活跃。上述分析为进一步揭示大丽轮枝菌的致病机理提供了有价值的参考。 相似文献
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【目的】多酚氧化酶(Polyphenol oxidases,PPO)广泛参与植物抵抗病虫害等生物逆境胁迫的过程。本研究旨在研究棉花中的PPO基因及其表达模式,验证多酚氧化酶与棉花抗黄萎病的关系。【方法】分析了黄萎病菌V991侵染下异源四倍体陆地棉TM-1根系中PPO酶活力变化,并利用TM-1的基因组数据库,鉴定相关基因,并进行生物信息学和表达分析。【结果】共筛选到13个候选GhPPO基因。这些基因都不含内含子,所编码的蛋白包含2个铜离子结合位点和PPO的保守序列(酪氨酸酶、DWL和KFDV保守结构域)。进化分析显示,陆地棉PPO基因的种内相似性大于种间相似性,并且相互之间形成了多对重复基因。GhPPO的表达量差异较大,少数基因具有组织特异表达的特性,多数基因在棉花不同组织中表达量都很低。实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应分析结果表明:GhPPO6D在棉花根系中表达量较高,且在黄萎病菌V991侵染后上调。【结论】GhPPO6D可能参与了棉花与黄萎病菌的互作过程,与V991侵染后棉花根系PPO酶活力上升相关。 相似文献
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Verticillium dahliae is a soil-borne and vascular pathogen causing Verticillium wilt of cotton, which is one of the most severe diseases affecting cotton production in China. Recently, a soil-inhabiting opportunistic pathogen was isolated and identified as Scopulariopsis gossypii; it could infect the host through wounds and increase disease severity in combination with V. dahliae. S. gossypii was able to form conidia in a nutritionally poor substrate and had similar biological characteristics to other vascular pathogens, while ultrastructure observation also confirmed that it was present in vascular tissue of cotton plants and produced conidia. Nematode activity in soil could cause wounds on the surface of cotton roots resulting in infection by the pathogens. On the basis of our analysis of the biological characteristics and infection process of S. gossypii and its interactions with other pathogens in cotton plants, we propose establishing a research program for multipathogen-host interactions in the cotton rhizosphere, which will enable detailed investigation of the synergistic pathogenesis of S. gossypii and V. dahliae. 相似文献
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大丽轮枝菌混合侵染棉花的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用绒毛型变异体 (B型 )的形态特征 ,采用不同形态类型的菌株混合接种、再分离后分别进行致病力和营养体亲和性测定的方法 ,证明不同致病力的大丽轮枝菌菌株可以共同侵染同一株植物 ,在菌株间不同浓度混合比例的接种中 ,混合侵染率约占总侵染率的 1 /1 5至 1 /3。是一种研究不同致病力的菌株在寄主体内互作动态和分布情况的简便方法。由此提出在黄萎病研究中为防止不同致病力菌株对研究结果的干扰 ,应以使用单孢菌株为宜 ;由于形态变异体容易识别 ,在研究棉花黄萎病的交叉保护现象中可加以利用 相似文献