共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 203 毫秒
1.
为研究中草药千里光(Senecio scandens Buch.-Ham)超微粉的镇痛机制,为千里光镇痛剂的开发利用提供参考依据,本研究以6周龄昆明小鼠为试验动物,制备千里光超微粉混悬液,设千里光超微粉高(360 mg/kg体重)、中(180 mg/kg体重)、低(90 mg/kg体重)剂量组,以灌胃方式连续给药7 d后进行后续相关试验,通过甲醛致痛模型和热浴甩尾法验证其镇痛作用并用以区分中枢镇痛和外周镇痛作用,通过纳洛酮颉颃试验、利血平颉颃试验及对小鼠血清和脑组织中五羟色胺(5-HT)和一氧化氮(NO)浓度的检测等方法来探究其中枢镇痛和外周镇痛机制。结果显示,千里光超微粉能提高甲醛致痛模型和热浴甩尾法中小鼠的痛阈值,且呈剂量-效应关系;纳洛酮和利血平分别作为阿片受体阻断剂和抗去甲肾上腺素能神经末梢药,可部分颉颃千里光超微粉的镇痛作用;千里光超微粉可显著提高脑组织5-HT的浓度,降低血清中5-HT的浓度(P0.05),但对于脑组织和血清中NO的浓度调节效果不明显。结果表明,千里光超微粉具有中枢性和外周性镇痛作用,其镇痛途径与阿片受体存在一定关系,可通过抑制囊泡膜对递质去甲肾上腺素(NE)的主动摄取过程而间接发挥镇痛作用;还可通过升高中枢NO和5-HT的浓度及降低外周NO和5-HT的浓度来发挥其镇痛作用,但对于NO的浓度调节效果不明显。 相似文献
2.
3.
《中兽医医药杂志》2019,(4)
目的:研究中草药千里光超微粉的急性毒性及其镇痛效果。方法:采用改良寇氏法测定千里光超微粉对昆明小鼠的半数致死量(LD_(50)),评价其对小鼠的急性毒性并以确定其镇痛剂量;采用醋酸扭体法、热板法考察千里光超微粉的镇痛效果,分别取昆明小鼠40只,随机等分为5组,以生理盐水作为阴性对照组,对乙酰氨基酚作为醋酸扭体法阳性对照组,强痛定作为热板法阳性对照组,设千里光超微粉高剂量组(360 mg/kg)、中剂量组(180 mg/kg)和低剂量组(90 mg/kg),给小鼠连续灌胃给药7 d。结果:千里光超微粉对昆明小鼠的口服LD_(50)为2 925.50 mg/kg,95%可信限为2 591.05～3 303.12 mg/kg;千里光超微粉能提高热板法、醋酸扭体法中小鼠的痛阈值,且呈剂量-效应关系。结论:千里光超微粉属于低毒物质,在安全剂量内,千里光超微粉具有较明显的镇痛效果。 相似文献
4.
牛磺酸对小鼠的镇痛作用研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用酒石酸锑钾诱导小鼠扭体反应,观察牛磺酸的镇痛效果;牛磺酸和纳络酮合用,探讨牛磺酸镇痛作用与阿片肽受体的关系;测定血清和腹腔液中PGE2、脑组织中NO含量,探讨牛磺酸镇痛作用的可能机制。结果表明,应用牛磺酸后,小鼠扭体次数明显减少,牛磺酸和纳络酮合用较单独使用牛磺酸小鼠扭体次数显著增加,牛磺酸可显著降低小鼠腹腔液和血清中PGE2、脑组织中NO的含量。表明牛磺酸具有良好的镇痛效果,其镇痛作用机制可能是通过减少体内前列腺素和NO的生成;另外,牛磺酸的镇痛作用可能与中枢阿片受体有一定关系。 相似文献
5.
目的：观察不同剂量银杏叶水煎醇沉液对小鼠的抗炎、镇痛作用。方法：采用二甲苯诱导小鼠耳壳肿胀法,50只小鼠随机均分5组,分别为银杏叶水煎醇沉液腹腔注射高（10.0 g/kg）、中（5.0 g/kg）、低（2.5 g/kg）剂量组,空白对照组腹腔注射等量生理盐水,阳性对照组腹腔注射地塞米松（10 mg/kg）,连续给药6 d,测定小鼠耳廓的肿胀率和肿胀抑制率;采用热板法测定小鼠的镇痛作用,取合格小鼠100只随机均分10组,分别为银杏叶水煎醇沉液腹腔注射和水煎液灌胃高（10.0 g/kg）、中（5.0 g/kg）、低（2.5 g/kg）剂量组,空白对照组腹腔注射和灌胃等量生理盐水,阳性对照组腹腔注射和灌胃安乃近（20 mg/kg）,给药后30 m in测定小鼠的痛阈值的变化。结果：腹腔注射银杏叶水煎醇沉液各剂量组小鼠耳廓肿胀率均低于生理盐水组（P〈0.01）,其肿胀抑制率以高剂量组最高;与生理盐水组比较,腹腔注射银杏叶水煎醇沉液各个剂量组痛阈值均明显提高（P〈0.01）;灌胃给药高剂量组有镇痛作用（P〈0.01）。结论：银杏叶水煎醇沉液腹腔注射对小鼠具有较强的抗炎和镇痛作用,灌胃给药镇痛效果相对较差。 相似文献
6.
桑叶抗焦虑作用研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
目的：利用焦虑动物模型研究桑叶抗焦虑作用及其物质基础。方法：将小鼠随机分为空白对照组（蒸馏水0.375 mL）、地西泮对照组（0.0023 g/kg）、桑叶组（4.5 g/kg）、真空处理桑叶组（4.5 g/kg）,每组10只,雌雄各半,灌胃给药,1次/d,连续灌胃4 d后,依次采用自主活动仪、明暗箱、高架十字迷宫考察药物对小鼠的行为影响;高效液相色谱法（HPLC）检测行为学实验后小鼠脑神经递质含量。结果：与空白对照组比较,真空处理桑叶组可显著增加小鼠在明箱停留时间（P〈0.05）,并显著提高小鼠开臂滞留时间百分比（OT%）（P〈0.05）。小鼠脑内神经递质检测显示,真空处理桑叶组、桑叶组均可显著降低小鼠脑组织5-羟色胺（5-HT）浓度（P〈0.05）,去甲肾上腺素（NE）、多巴胺（DA）浓度也有降低,但无统计学差异。结论：桑叶具有抗焦虑作用,且其物质基础可能为γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）。 相似文献
7.
目的:研究莱克多巴胺的镇痛作用.方法:以小鼠为实验对象,热刺激反应出现时间为指标.小鼠40只,体重20～40g,随机分为A、B、C、D四组,分别饮用自来水、20mg/kg、200mg/kg和2000mg/kg莱克多巴胺水溶液.结果:和对照组相比,B、C、D三组小鼠痛阈逐渐提高,说明莱克多巴胺具有镇痛作用,镇痛效果与剂量呈正相关. 相似文献
8.
本实验用钾离子透入法测痛,CO_2激光照射家兔和绵羊的山根穴,结果观察到: DPA或L-Tryp(10mg/kg)分别单独使用对家兔CO_2激光穴位照射镇痛效果未见明显影响,当二者合并应用时,却能显著加强激光镇痛效果。家兔处理后平均痛阈提高25％,显著高于生理盐水+CO_2激光组(15％)、DPA+生理盐水+CO_2激光组(17％)或L-Tryp+生理盐水+CO_2激光组(18％)(均为P<0.05)。表明DPA和L-Tryp对痛阈的影响有相加作用,同时也提示在激光镇痛过程中内啡素和5-HT共同起作用。 DPA和L-Tryp合用与CO_2激光穴位照射对家兔产生的镇痛作用可被阿片受体阻断剂纳洛酮部分阻断(-70％),又可被5—HT合成阻断剂PCA部分阻断(-63％)。表明内啡素和5-HT在激光穴位照射镇痛中有一定的相互依赖关系。 相似文献
9.
通过大鼠单侧侧脑室埋管注射和光辐射热甩尾实验,证明静松灵(40mg/kg.sc)具有明显的镇痛作用,CaCl2(1μmol/rat,icv)和EDTA(0.4μmol/rat,icv)分别拮抗和增强静松灵的镇痛作用。异搏定(0.4μmol/rat,icv)和硝苯吡啶(0.4μmol/rat,icv)可增强静松灵的镇痛并可逆转CaCl2对静松灵镇痛的拮抗。脑内5-HT、NE含量与静松灵镇痛密切相关。作者认为,脑Ca2+对静松灵镇痛效应的影响是通过改变脑内NE和5-HT含量而实现的。 相似文献
10.
11.
Objective The aim of this study was to describe the practices, attitudes and beliefs of Queensland veterinarians in relation to postoperative pain and perioperative analgesia in dogs. Methods One veterinarian from each of the 50 randomly selected Queensland veterinary practices was enrolled after selection by convenience sampling. Results The study response rate was 94.3%. Demeanour, vocalisation and heart rate were the most common postoperative pain assessment tools used, even though the most sensitive tools were considered to be demeanour, heart rate and respiratory rate. Only 20% of respondents used formalised pain scoring systems. Preoperative analgesic administration was always used by 72% of respondents. There was marked variability in the frequency with which analgesia was administered perioperatively for ovariohysterectomy. Only 24% of veterinarians discharged animals with ongoing analgesia even though 38% agreed that pain is still present 7 days postoperatively. Multimodal analgesia was used by 82% of respondents. Epidural and local anaesthetic analgesic techniques were not being utilised by any respondents. Conclusions These results indicate that management of postoperative pain in dogs in Queensland is frequently suboptimal and, at times, is not consistent with the veterinarian's attitudes and beliefs. Continuing education into analgesic use and pain evaluation may be effective in addressing this. 相似文献
12.
AIM: To investigate the attitudes of veterinary practitioners in New Zealand to pain and analgesia, and their use of analgesic drugs, in dogs and cats. METHODS: A questionnaire posted to 1,200 practising veterinarians was used to gather information about the use of analgesia in dogs and cats, assessment of pain, attitudes to pain relief, analgesic drugs and procedures used, factors affecting choice of analgesic agent, and veterinary demographics, continuing education and staffing. RESULTS: Three hundred and twenty questionnaires with useable data were returned, a response rate of 28%. Male and female veterinarians were evenly represented. The analgesic agents most commonly used were morphine (opioids) and carprofen (a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; NSAID). Use of peri-operative pain relief ranged from 50% for castration of cats to 91% for fracture repair in dogs. For most procedures, female veterinarians scored pain at a significantly higher level than their male colleagues. Fifty-eight percent of respondents considered their knowledge in the area of assessment and treatment of pain was adequate. CONCLUSIONS: This survey was considered representative of veterinarians working in companion animal practice in New Zealand. Results indicated a relatively high use of peri-operative analgesia, including both pre-emptive and multi-modal analge- sia, in cats and dogs, although there was still some disparity between the perception of how painful a procedure was and the consequent use of pain relief. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The establishment of current attitudes and practices indicates to practising veterinarians how their own use of analgesics compares with that of their colleagues. It also provides information to educators on potential areas of focus, given that 42% of respondents felt their knowledge in the area of assessment and treatment of pain was inadequate. 相似文献
13.
OBJECTIVE: To compare carprofen to butorphanol, with regard to postsurgical analgesic effects, duration of analgesia, and adverse side effects. STUDY DESIGN: Blinded, randomized clinical study. ANIMALS: Seventy-one cats, 0.5-5 years of age, weighing 3.24 +/- 0.61 kg, undergoing ovariohysterectomy (OHE). METHODS: Cats were premedicated with subcutaneous atropine (0.04 mg kg(-1)), acepromazine (0.02 mg kg(-1)), and ketamine (5 mg kg(-1)). Anesthesia was induced with ketamine (5 mg kg(-1)) and diazepam (0.25 mg kg(-1)) given intravenously, and maintained with isoflurane. There were three treatment groups: group C (4 mg kg(-1) carprofen SC at induction), group B (0.4 mg kg(-1) butorphanol SC at end of surgery), and group S (0.08 mL kg(-1) of sterile saline SC at induction and end of surgery). Behavioral data were collected using a composite pain scale (CPS), prior to surgery (baseline) and 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 hours post-surgery. Interaction scores were analyzed separately. Cats with CPS scores >12 received rescue analgesia (meperidine, 4 mg kg(-1), intramuscular). RESULTS: Sixty cats completed the study. The CPS scores did not differ significantly between groups C and B at any time period. CPS scores for groups B and C were significantly increased for 12 hours post-surgery, and in group S for 20 hours. Both group C and B CPS scores were significantly lower than group S in this 20-hour postoperative period, except at 4 hours (B and C) and at 3 and 8 hours (B alone). Interaction scores for group C returned to preoperative baseline 4 hours after surgery, while both groups B and S remained increased for at least 24 hours post-surgery. Nine cats required meperidine. CONCLUSION: In this study, carprofen provided better postsurgical analgesia than butorphanol. Clinical relevance Neither drug completely abolished pain, however preoperative carprofen provided better pain control compared with postoperative butorphanol in the 24-hour period following OHE surgery in cats. 相似文献
14.
Denis R. Gomes Isabela P. G. A. Nicácio Letícia M. L. Cerazo Larissa Dourado Francisco J. Teixeira-Neto Renata N. Cassu 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2020,43(4):355-363
Magnesium may be used as an adjunctive analgesic for perioperative pain management because of its antinociceptive properties. This study investigated the analgesic efficacy of intraperitoneal ropivacaine combined with magnesium sulfate in canine ovariohysterectomy. Forty-five dogs sedated with acepromazine/meperidine and anesthetized with propofol/isoflurane were randomly distributed into three treatments, administered intraperitoneally (n = 15 per group): saline solution (group S), 0.25% ropivacaine (3 mg/kg) alone (group R), or in combination with magnesium sulfate (20 mg/kg, group R-Mg). Intravenous fentanyl was given to control cardiovascular responses to surgical stimulation. Postoperative pain was assessed using an Interactive Visual Analog Scale (IVAS), the short form of the Glasgow Composite Pain Scale, and mechanical nociceptive thresholds. Morphine/meloxicam was administered as rescue analgesia. Intraoperatively, the R-Mg group required less fentanyl (p = .02) and exhibited higher incidence of hypotension (systolic arterial pressure <90 mm Hg, p = .006) compared with the S group. Lower IVAS pain scores were recorded during the first hour in the R-Mg group than the other groups (p = .007–.045). Postoperative rescue analgesia did not differ between groups. Intraperitoneal magnesium sulfate administration, in spite of decreasing intraoperative opioid requirements, increased the incidence of hypotension with minimal evidence of postoperative analgesic benefits. 相似文献
15.
The inability to control pain is the most common reason for cessation of treatment and euthanasia in cases of laminitis, yet pain also serves a unique protective function in these cases, particularly in the acute phase when lamellar integrity is weakened. Successful analgesia requires an understanding of the disease pathophysiology, the sources of pain in laminitis, methods of serial pain evaluation, and methods of analgesia including systemic and regional techniques. This review discusses the approach to analgesia including detail of traditional and novel analgesic medications and techniques with specific reference to the laminitis case. 相似文献
16.
I. M. Bowen A. Redpath A Dugdale J. H. Burford D. Lloyd T. Watson G. D. Hallowell 《Equine veterinary journal》2020,52(1):13-27
Primary care guidelines provide a reference point to guide clinicians based on a systematic review of the literature, contextualised by expert clinical opinion. These guidelines develop a modification of the GRADE framework for assessment of research evidence (vetGRADE) and applied this to a range of clinical scenarios regarding use of analgesic agents. Key guidelines produced by the panel included recommendations that horses undergoing routine castration should receive intratesticular local anaesthesia irrespective of methods adopted and that horses should receive NSAIDs prior to surgery (overall certainty levels high). Butorphanol and buprenorphine should not be considered appropriate as sole analgesic for such procedures (high certainty). The panel recommend the continuation of analgesia for 3 days following castration (moderate certainty) and conclude that phenylbutazone provided superior analgesia to meloxicam and firocoxib for hoof pain/laminitis (moderate certainty), but that enhanced efficacy has not been demonstrated for joint pain. In horses with colic, flunixin and firocoxib are considered to provide more effective analgesia than meloxicam or phenylbutazone (moderate certainty). Given the risk of adverse events of all classes of analgesic, these agents should be used only under the control of a veterinary surgeon who has fully evaluated a horse and developed a therapeutic, analgesic plan that includes ongoing monitoring for such adverse events such as the development of right dorsal colitis with all classes of NSAID and spontaneous locomotor activity and potentially ileus with opiates. Finally, the panel call for the development of a single properly validated composite pain score for horses to allow accurate comparisons between medications in a robust manner. 相似文献
17.
Ahram KIM Naoki SASAKI Inhyung LEE Kyuyoung LEE Jong-Pil SEO 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(12):1988
This study examined the analgesic and cardiopulmonary effects of intravenous (IV) tramadol during general intravenous anesthesia in calves. Calves were premedicated with diazepam (0.2 mg/kg, IV) with tramadol (2 mg/kg, IV) (group T) or saline (group S). Anesthesia was induced by thiamylal sodium (4 mg/kg, IV) and maintained with an infusion (2 ml/kg/hr) of 5% guaifenesin containing thiamylal sodium (2 mg/ml). Additional thiamylal sodium (1–2 mg/kg, IV) was administered when interference from the calves was observed during surgery. The total counts of additional thiamylal sodium administration, analgesia score using a visual analog scale, recovery time, and cardiopulmonary function in the different groups were assessed and compared. Group T showed significantly fewer counts of additional drug administration and a significantly higher analgesia score. Tramadol may provide adequate analgesia with minimal cardiopulmonary changes in calves during general anesthesia. 相似文献
18.
Marco AA. Pereira Karina D. Campos Lucas A. Gonçalves Rosana ST. dos Santos Patrícia B. Flôr Aline M. Ambrósio Denise A. Otsuki Júlia M. Matera Cristina OMS. Gomes Denise T. Fantoni 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2021,48(1):7-16
ObjectiveTo evaluate the cyclooxygenases (COX) inhibition, adverse effects and analgesic efficacy of dipyrone or meloxicam in cats undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy.Study designProspective, blinded, randomized, clinical study.AnimalsA total of 30 healthy young cats.MethodsThe cats were randomly assigned to three postoperative groups: D25 (dipyrone 25 mg kg?1 every 24 hours), D12.5 (dipyrone 12.5 mg kg?1 every 12 hours) and M (meloxicam 0.1 mg kg?1 every 24 hours). In the first 24 hours, the drugs were administered intravenously (IV), and then orally for 6 (dipyrone) or 3 days (meloxicam). Prostanoids thromboxane B2 and prostaglandin E2 concentrations served as indicators of COX activity and, with physiological variables and pain and sedation scores, were measured for 24 hours after first analgesic administration. Rescue analgesia (tramadol, 2 mg kg?1 IV) was provided if Glasgow feline composite measure pain scale (CMPS-Feline) ≥5. Laboratory tests included symmetric dimethylarginine and adverse effects were evaluated regularly up to 7 and 10 days after surgery, respectively. Parametric and nonparametric data were analyzed with two-way anova and Kruskal-Wallis tests, respectively (p < 0.05).ResultsIn the first half hour after analgesic administration, COX-1 activity was close to zero and remained significantly lower than before drug administration for 24 hours in all groups. The inhibition of COX-2 activity was significant for 30 minutes in all groups and up to 4 hours in group M. No alterations in laboratory tests or significant adverse effects were observed. Pain scores and need for rescue analgesia did not differ statistically among groups.ConclusionsDipyrone at both doses and meloxicam provided a nonselective inhibition of COX-1 and -2 activities and effective analgesia without causing significant adverse effects or laboratory tests alterations.Clinical relevanceDipyrone at both doses provides equally effective analgesia without causing adverse effects in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy. 相似文献
19.
Kania BF Kania K Romanowicz K Tomaszewska D Sutiak V Wronska-Fortuna D 《Research in veterinary science》2006,81(1):109-118
Cholecystokinin (CCK) released in the CNS inhibits the analgesic action of exogenous opioids and may antagonize analgesia resulting from the activation of an endogenous pain inhibitory system. The aim of this study was to analyse the central action of PD 140.548 N-methyl-D-glucamine--a peptide antagonist of a specific peripheral type CCK receptor--on animal behaviour, catecholamines (CA) and cortisol concentration, as well as clinical symptoms of visceral pain induced by duodenal distension (DD). A 5 min distension of the duodenum wall, using a 10 cm long balloon filled with 40 and/or 80 ml of water (DD 40 and/or DD 80) at animal body temperature, produced a significant increase in plasma CA and cortisol levels, an increase in the heart rate, hyperventilation and other clinical symptoms (inhibition of rumen motility, bleating, teeth grinding, prostration, urination, defecation) that may be related to pain, proportionally to the degree of intestinal distension. Intracerebroventricular administration of PD 140.548 at the dose of 1 or/and 2 mg in toto 10 min before applying DD 40 completely blocked the increase in blood plasma cortisol, epinephrine (E), norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) concentration. It is suggested that the central inhibitory action of CCK antagonist on the cortisol and catecholamine release produced by visceral pain is due to the inhibition of peripheral CCK1 type receptors in the central centrifugal descending pain facilitatory system in sheep perhaps via the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. 相似文献