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1.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of sweet potato vine pellet (SWEPP) in concentrate diets on nutrient digestibility and rumen ecology in lactating dairy cows fed on urea-treated rice straw. Three multiparous Holstein crossbred cows in mid-lactation were randomly assigned according to a 3?×?3 Latin square design, and the treatments were as follows: T1 = control (no supplementation), T2 = supplementation of sweet potato vine pellet with 50 g/kg urea (SWEPP I) at 300 g/head/day, and T3 = supplementation of sweet potato pellet with 100 g/kg urea (SWEPP II) at 300 g/head/day, in concentrate diets, respectively. The result revealed that supplementation of SWEPP did not affect feed intake, ruminal pH, and blood urea nitrogen (P?>?0.05). However, apparent digestibilities of organic matter, crude protein, and neutral detergent fiber were higher in SWEPP II than those in others. Furthermore, ruminal ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and milk yield were significantly higher (P?<?0.05) in animals fed with SWEPP II than those fed with SWEPP I and control, respectively. In addition, there were no differences in purine derivatives and microbial nitrogen supply among all the treatments. Based on this study, it could be concluded that SWEPP is a good source of supplement which resulted in significant improvement in apparent digestibility, rumen fermentation, and milk yield in lactating dairy cows fed on urea-treated rice straw.  相似文献   

2.
The study evaluated the effects of feeding urea treated/supplemented wheat straw-based diets with addition of yeast culture (YC) as a dry season feed for dairy cows. Wheat straw diets with 3.6 % urea and 5.8 % molasses were formulated to upgrade nonprotein nitrogen levels and fibre degradation in the rumen. Yeast culture was included at 0 and 10 g/cow/day in mixer with commercial dairy meal to improve on fibre degradation and milk yield. Two experiments were conducted. Firstly, an in sacco dry matter degradability (DMD) trial with three steers in a completely randomized design (CRD) with a 3?×?2 factorial arrangement to determine the effects on intake and rumen degradation parameters. Secondly, feeding trial with 18 lactating cows in a 3?×?2 factorial arrangement at two levels of yeast culture (0 and 10 g/cow/day) and three types of urea interventions: No intervention (WS); addition of urea to straw at the time of feeding (USWS); and 7 days incubation of straw with urea (UTWS). Yeast cultures addition had no effect on rumen pH and NH3-N, but urea intervention showed an effect on rumen pH with USWS being lowest (p?<?0.05). Both urea interventions and yeast culture addition had no effect (p?>?0.05) on dry matter intake, milk yield, and milk composition but they increased (p?<?0.05) propionate yields.  相似文献   

3.
Supplementation of animals in the rainy season is essential to maximise weight gain. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the effects of supplementation with low-, medium- and high-protein levels on nutritional parameters of grazing beef cattle in the rainy season. Eight rumen-cannulated Nellore bulls (437 kg body weight) were used in a 4?×?4 double Latin square design with four supplements and four experimental periods. The treatments were mineral supplement (ad libitum) and supplements with low-protein (LPSU), medium-protein (MPS) and high-protein (HPS) levels, providing 106, 408 and 601 g/day of crude protein (CP), respectively. There was no difference (P?>?0.05) between treatments for dry matter and forage intake, ruminal pH, ruminal ammonia nitrogen (RAN) at time 0 (before supplementation) and microbial protein yield. Animals on MPS had a higher (P?>?0.05) intake and digestibility of CP, higher RAN levels (3 and 6 h after supplementation), increased nitrogen intake and a better nitrogen balance than animals on LPSU. The HPS provided higher (P?>?0.05) RAN at time 6 and a better nitrogen balance when compared with MPS. We therefore infer that the high-protein supplement positively impacts nitrogen metabolism and efficiency in grazing beef cattle during the rainy season.  相似文献   

4.
孙英辉 《中国饲料》2021,1(6):17-20
文章旨在评估不同小麦秸秆处理方式对干物质体外降解动力学及绵羊生长性能和瘤胃发酵性能的影响。试验将平均初始体重为（51.26±0.07）kg的24头绵羊随机分为3组,每组4个重复,每个重复2头羊。3组绵羊每天采食体重1%的基础浓缩料,对照组自由采食未处理的小麦秸秆,处理组绵羊分别采食2.5%氨水处理的小麦秸秆和5×108 CFU酵母菌处理的小麦秸秆,试验共进行10周。结果：氨化秸秆与酵母处理秸秆组干物质体外降解动力学参数B较小麦秸秆组分别显著提高11.04%和13.63%（P＜0.05）,而氨化秸秆组干物质体外降解动力学参数A+B较小麦秸秆组显著提高11.45%（P＜0.05）。氨化秸秆组干物质降解效率显著高于未处理的小麦秸秆组（P＜0.05）。与小麦秸秆组相比,氨化秸秆和酵母秸秆组绵羊的平均日增重分别显著提高9.12%和13.11%（P＜0.05）。氨化小麦秸秆组绵羊的能量和蛋白质摄入量最高（P＜0.05）。氨化小麦秸秆组绵羊瘤胃发酵0～8 h的氨氮浓度均最高（P＜0.05）,而酵母秸秆组绵羊瘤胃液体外发酵2 h后的挥发性脂肪酸浓度较小麦秸秆组显著提高32.84%（P＜0.05）,体外发酵4 h后的挥发性脂肪酸浓度显著高于其他两组（P＜0.05）。结论：氨水和酵母菌处理提高小麦秸秆的水不溶性物质（B组分）降解率和绵羊的平均日增重,同时氨水处理小麦秸秆提高了绵羊代谢能、蛋白质摄入量和瘤胃氨氮浓度。  相似文献   

5.
Three, multiparous Holstein crossbred dairy cows with initial body weight of 385 ± 19 kg were randomly allocated to 3 treatments of rice straw (T1 = untreated rice straw; T2 = 5.5% urea-treated rice straw (5 g urea in 100 ml water to 100 g air-dry (91% DM) straw); T3 = 2.2% urea + 2.2% calcium hydroxide treated rice straw (2.0 g urea and 2.0 g Ca(OH)2 in 100 ml to 100 g air-dry (91% DM) straw) according to a 3 × 3 Latin square design. Each period lasted for 21 days in which feed, feces and rumen fluid were collected during the last 7 days for chemical analyses. The findings revealed significant improvements in dry matter intake and digestibility by using 5.5% urea-treated rice straw and 2.2% urea + 2.2% calcium hydroxide treated rice straw. Ruminal pH and NH3-N were found higher (P < 0.05) as compared with urea-treated rice straw fed group, while blood urea nitrogen and milk urea nitrogen were in normal ranges. Volatile fatty acid concentrations especially those of acetic acid were decreased (P < 0.05) and those of propionic acid were increased (P < 0.05), thus acetic acid:propionic acid was subsequently lowered (P < 0.05) in cows fed with 5.5% urea-treated rice straw and 2.2% urea + 2.2% calcium hydroxide treated rice straw, respectively. Moreover, ruminal viable and cellulolytic bacterial counts were enhanced by urea and calcium hydroxide treatments. Milk protein and fat concentrations were additionally increased by respective treatments while 3.5% fat-corrected milk was highest; ranking from 2.2% urea + 2.2% calcium hydroxide treated rice straw, 5.5% urea-treated rice straw and urea-treated rice straw fed groups. Based on this study, implications could be made that using 2.2% urea + 2.2% calcium hydroxide treated rice straw for straw treatment could be an alternative treatment to 5.5% urea treatment with regards to its effectiveness and treatment cost for lactating dairy cows.  相似文献   

6.
刘静霖 《中国饲料》2021,1(6):115-118
文章旨在评估用平菇和水稻秸秆混合培养的饲料原料替代常规牧草资源苜蓿草对乳山羊泌乳性能、养分消化、瘤胃发酵及乳成分的影响。试验选择产后5?d,平均体重为（24.21±0.23）kg的泌乳山羊36头,随机分为3组,每组4个重复,每个重复3头。对照组饲喂60%浓缩料+40%苜蓿草,T1和T2组用40%和80%平菇发酵水稻秸秆替代苜蓿草,试验为期4周。结果：对照组乳山羊牧草采食量较T2组显著提高了10.74%（P＜0.05）,T1组干物质和中性洗涤纤维表观消化率分别较对照组显著提高了7.49%和7.23%（P＜0.05）,而对照组有机物、粗蛋白质表观消化率分别较T2组显著提高了14.71%和13.44%（P＜0.05）。对照组血清球蛋白、肌酸酐、葡萄糖和胆固醇浓度最高（P＜0.05）,而T1组血清白蛋白浓度最高（P＜0.05）。处理组瘤胃pH较对照组显著提高了2.94%和3.10%（P＜0.05）。对照组瘤胃挥发性脂肪酸、氨氮、总氮和非蛋白氮浓度均显著高于处理组（P＜0.05）。T2组乳中脂肪含量较对照组显著提高了13.62%（P＜0.05）,对照组与T1组乳山羊的饲料效率（能量校正乳/采食量）较T2组显著提高了32.29%和36.46%（P＜0.05）。结论：乳山羊日粮中用40%平菇发酵水稻秸秆可以提高干物质和中性洗涤纤维表观消化率,改善瘤胃微生物蛋蛋白的合成。 [关键词]平菇|水稻秸秆|乳山羊  相似文献   

7.
The effect of ammonia (AS) and urea‐calcium hydroxide (US) treated rice straw as a sole diet on the voluntary intake, digestibility of feed components, nitrogen retention, rumen parameters and microbial nitrogen yield of Suffolk ewes, were compared in a double 2 × 2 latin square design. The digestibility of feed components was not differed in sheep offered either AS or US. Dry matter intake was higher in AS (28 g/kg BW0.75) than US (22 g/kg BW0.75). Although there was high nitrogen intake in sheep given AS diet, this did not result in higher nitrogen retention compared with US diet. No difference was observed in purine derivatives or microbial nitrogen supply between the two groups. The rumen ammonia‐N of sheep offered AS or US exhibited a similar trend in diurnal change with the peak at 1.5–2.5 h after feeding and decline gradually thereafter. However, volatile fatty acid production peaked at approximately 8 h after evening feed and then steadily declined. AS and US diets led sheep to lose weight. In conclusion, urea‐calcium hydroxide treated straw can be used for sheep as an alternative to ammonia treated straw. Without supplementation, ammonia or urea‐calcium hydroxide treated straw was not sufficient even for the maintenance of sheep.  相似文献   

8.
The feeding value of a mixture of sorghum and soybeans plants, either fresh or ensiled, was evaluated with sheep. Sorghum and soybeans were harvested during the Cuban rainy season and ensiled in a ratio of 0.6/0.4 (w/w, as feed) with molasses and a bacterial inoculant. Silos were opened between 162 and 182 d post ensiling during the Cuban dry season and silages were fed to six pelibuey sheep (including two fistulated). Six other sheep (also including two fistulated) were fed sorghum and soybean in the same proportion, but freshly harvested during the dry season. The experiment lasted 21 d (14 d adaptation and 7 d data collection period). Silage quality parameters included pH, ammonia, lactate, and short chain fatty acids (SCFA). Further, both fresh and ensiled diets were offered to study the rumen fermentation characteristics (pH, ammonia, lactate, SCFA, in situ degradability and methane), duodenal flow of microbial protein (assessed through urinary purine derivatives secretion), fecal degradability of nutrients and urinary N excretion. From these measurements ME value and degradable CP supply at the small intestine (DCPSI) were estimated. Silage was of excellent quality. Compared to fresh forage feeding silage increased molar propionate proportion and rumen microbial protein synthesis and reduced methane emission. Fresh forage showed lower rumen degradability and total digestibility. Further, the higher ME concentration (11.2 vs. 10.3 MJ/kg DM) and DCPSI (84.7 vs. 56.1 g/kg DM) of the silage would allow a higher milk production or daily gain as compared with fresh forage available during the Cuban dry season.  相似文献   

9.
The study was conducted to assess the effects of seasonal variation in the quality and quantity of pasture and management of livestock exclosures (ngitili) on the grazing behavior of cattle and goats. The study was 2×2×2 factorial design with three independent variables: season (Dry or Rainy), ngitili management (Private or Communal) and animal species (Cattle or Goats). Focal and scan observation methods were used to record different behavioral activities. Vegetation attributes from the study areas were measured in two consecutive seasons. Most key forage species had significant higher crude protein (CP) content and in vitro organic matter digestibility (INVOMD) in rainy than in dry season (P<0.05), but Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) and Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF) did not vary significantly with season (P>0.05). ADF and NDF were significantly higher in species from communal ngitili than those from private ngitili (P<0.05). Above-ground herbaceous biomass and bulk density (BD) were significantly higher in the rainy season and in the private ngitili than in the dry season and in the communal ngitili respectively. Cattle and goats spent considerably more time grazing and browsing respectively in the rainy season than in the dry season (P<0.05). Cattle foraging activities did not vary significantly (P>0.05) with ngitili management, but goats found to spend considerably more time browsing in the communal ngitili and more time grazing in the private ngitili (P<0.05). Despite the merits of stocking cattle and goats together in the heterogeneous pasture, seasonal variation in forage resources requires investigation of other strategies such as use of multipurpose trees and treatment of crop residues to improve livestock production.  相似文献   

10.
本试验在不同季节牧草生物量和营养品质变化较大的条件下,研究不同季节牦牛牧食行为及机体瘤胃微生物区系响应策略,旨在为提高牦牛的生产潜力及畜产品转化效率提供科学依据。试验分别在2019年1月和2019年9月进行,选取体重相近、健康无病的牦牛9头,采集瘤胃液,用于分析瘤胃内环境参数和瘤胃微生物多样性,并利用MOOnitor系统对其牧食行为的变化进行研究。结果表明,牦牛牧食活动及采食空间分布随牧草产量和营养品质的季节性变化而变化;相较于暖季,牦牛冷季休息加反刍时间（13.378 h/d）、采食时间（5.174 h/d）和反刍时间（8.160 h/d）显著减少（P<0.05）,行走时间（4.775 h/d）显著增加（P<0.05）,并且采食空间分布更为分散。瘤胃液中氨态氮、乙酸、丙酸、异丁酸、戊酸和总挥发性脂肪酸含量及乙酸与丙酸的比例在冷季显著降低（P<0.05）,而微生物蛋白、异戊酸含量在冷季显著增加（P<0.05）。冷季下瘤胃微生物在门水平表现出拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）显著升高（P<0.05）,厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）显著降低（P<0.05）;在属水平表现出冷季瘤胃微生物以分解纤维素的菌属为主。综合试验结果,冷季牧草生物量及常规营养成分的降低导致牦牛采食、反刍、休息行为减少,游走行为增多,同时采食空间分布格局扩大。牦牛瘤胃消化代谢及微生物变化方面对冷季的响应模式有别于暖季,这有利于提高其能量摄入及机体利用效率,进而有效应对冷季营养匮乏。  相似文献   

11.
The objectives of the present study were to determine the effect of ruminal dosing of mechanical stimulating brush (Rumen faibu; RF) on digestibility and on rumen fermentation status in Holstein steers fed high concentrate and low rice straw. Eight steers (461 kg in average bodyweight) were used. Four steers were orally dosed three RF per head (RF‐dosing) and the other four were not dosed (non‐RF). All steers were fed enough concentrate and rice straw to gain 1.4 kg/day in bodyweight. Rice straw was cut 2 cm and 30 cm. The organic cell wall content of feeding diets was 17% in dry matter basis. Digestibility and nutritive value were not affected by RF dosing and length of rice straw. Ruminal pH was significantly lower in RF‐dosing group than in non‐RF group after feeding, and tended to be higher in long rice straw than in short rice straw throughout the day. There were no clear difference on total volatile fatty acid concentration and molar proportion of volatile fatty acid by RF dosing and length of rice straw throughout examined period. These present results suggest that digestibility and rumen fermentation status are not affected by RF dosing when organic cell wall content of feeding diets is approximately 17% in dry matter with rice straw over 2 cm.  相似文献   

12.
Two series of experiments with rumen fistulated castrated male sheep and goats were carried out. In experiment I three sheep each consumed rations rich in concentrate (700 g concentrate, 200 g chopped wheat straw) or roughage (700 g artificially dried ryegrass, 200 g chopped wheat straw per animal per day) and supplemented with 0, 1, 2 or 4 g Yea-Sacc (Saccharomyces cerevisiae; USA) per sheep per day. In experiment II three sheep were fed with 1000 g artificially dried ryegrass and 200 g concentrate, three goats consumed 750 g ryegrass and 150 g concentrate. 0, 0.5, 1 or 2 g Levaferm (Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Germany) per animal per day were added. Rations of all animals were supplemented with minerals and vitamins. After 14 days of feeding wheat straw, ammonia treated wheat straw and artificially dried grass (exp. I) or wheat straw and artificially dried grass (exp. II) were incubated in nylon bags in the rumen for 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours. At the end of the experiments rumen fluid was taken via cannulae and parameters of rumen fermentation were measured. Higher levels of added Yea-Sacc decreased in sacco dry matter degradability of all incubated feeds. Depression was much higher if Yea-Sacc was added to the concentrate ration (overall mean for 24, 48 and 72 h incubation time: 55.1, 47.1, 46.1 and 44.5 for 0, 1, 2 and 4 g Yea-Sacc) than to the roughage diet (58.7, 56.3, 55.0 and 54.1%). Levaferm did not significantly influence the rumen dry matter degradability of incubated feeds (overall mean for 24, 48, and 72 h incubation time: 64.0; 64.9; 64.9 and 64.2% for sheep; 63.0; 63.2; 63.2 and 61.6% for goats, if added with 0, 0.5, 1 and 2 g Levaferm per animal per day). Rumen pH, concentration of volatile fatty acids and molar concentration of fatty acids in rumen fluid were not significantly influenced by added yeasts. More research seems necessary to find out the mode of action of yeast and to quantify and to reproduce the effects of added yeast.  相似文献   

13.
王恩杰 《中国饲料》2021,1(8):109-112
文章旨在评估用农业副产物作为能量和蛋白饲料对绵羊养分摄入、消化及瘤胃发酵性能的影响。试验选择体重接近的36头绵羊,随机分为3组,每组4个重复,每个重复3头。处理1组饲喂210?g/kg桑叶饲料,处理2组用100?g/kg水稻秸秆和5?g/kg尿素替代50%桑叶,处理3组饲喂200?g/kg水稻秸秆和10?g/kg尿素,试验为期21?d。结果：T3组绵羊粗蛋白质摄入量显著高于T1和T2组（P＜0.05）,但中性洗涤纤维摄入量、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维表观消化率最低（P＜0.05）。T3组氮摄入量较T1组显著提高16.31%（P＜0.05）,T1组尿氮排泄量显著低于T2和T3（P＜0.05）。T1和T3组微生物氮含量显著高于T2组（P＜0.05）。T1组瘤胃氨氮浓度最低（P＜0.05）,但挥发性脂肪酸浓度最高（P＜0.05）。结论：日粮中用100%的桑叶替代尿素和水稻秸秆对绵羊干物质摄入量、氮利用及瘤胃微生物氮合成无负面影响,同时可以显著提高中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维表观消化率。 [关键词]农业副产物|绵羊|养分消化|瘤胃发酵  相似文献   

14.
Abstract

Two experiments designed to establish possible reasons for the often‐observed low voluntary feed intake of animals grazing kikuyu pastures were conducted at two widely differing locations. Low digestibility and low rate of digestion limited feed intake only when sheep were grazing dry, wilted kikuyu. At other times, rumen contents were relatively low, and voluntary intakes appeared to have been controlled by other factors. The foaminess of the rumen under circumstances of a low rumen fill seems to suggest that a high saponin content could have limited intake. However, the fact that a high rumen fill coincided with a high in vitro foam production in one instance may imply that a high saponin content was not instrumental in limiting intake. Only the rumen ammonia concentration and the total nitrogen content of the leaves showed a consistent relationship with voluntary intake.  相似文献   

15.
不同的处理方法对稻草营养价值的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
分别用尿素、秸秆发酵活干菌、复合酶处理稻草，并检测处理前后营养成份、降解率、感官评定、适口性等指标变化。结果表明，处理后各处理组的CP（粗蛋白质）含量分别比对照组提高10．3％，15．6％及11．8％；CF（粗纤维）含量分别下降4．0％，11．2％和21．8％，其中活干菌发酵对CP稻草含量提高较大，饲用复合酶处理使CF含量下降幅度较大。同时，对各处理组DM（干物质）、NDF（中性洗涤纤维）、ADF(酸性洗涤纤维）的瘤胃降解率测定发现，各处理组DM，NDF及ADF降解率均有一定提高，其中以活干菌发酵处理效果旯好，其DM、NDF及ADF降解率分别达40．90％、33．83％及34．24％。在感官评定、适口性方面，除氨化处理有刺激性气味外，其它两处理组具有较浓的酸香味且家畜喜欢采食。  相似文献   

16.
本试验旨在研究不同处理的白菜尾菜与稻草秸秆混合青贮饲料对瘤胃微生物体外发酵的影响。试验底物为4种不同处理的青贮饲料,青贮45 d:对照组(秸秆:尾菜为10:0;无添加剂),1组、2组、3组的秸秆∶尾菜均为4:6,但添加剂分别为植物乳杆菌0.030 g/kg和纤维素酶0.200 g/kg、植物乳杆菌0.035 g/kg和纤维素酶0.250 g/kg、植物乳杆菌0.040 g/kg和纤维素酶0.300 g/kg,进行体外瘤胃发酵36 h,测定pH、氨氮浓度、微生物蛋白浓度等发酵参数。结果表明:培养期间,各组的pH在6.77～6.94、氨氮浓度在20.09～44.39 mg/100mL;在12 h、36 h时,2组的微生物蛋白浓度显著高于对照组和1组;在36 h时,2组和3组的原虫密度显著高于对照组,且酸性洗涤纤维降解率也较高。综上,2组和3组都能在一定程度上改善瘤胃发酵性能,其中,以第2组采用秸秆:尾菜为4:6、植物乳杆菌0.035 g/kg和纤维素酶0.250 g/kg的组合处理青贮饲料较为适宜。  相似文献   

17.
Four cattle were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design experiment to study digestibility, ruminal fermentation, nitrogen retention and preference of ensiling pruned persimmon branch (PPB) chips treated with urea. After 60 days of ensiling, urea‐treated PPB showed higher (P < 0.05) pH, acetic acid and ammonia‐N levels than no‐urea PPB. Both urea‐treated PPB and rice straw diets showed higher (P < 0.05) apparent digestibility and digestible nutrient content in cattle than no‐urea PPB diet. Neither mold nor yeast was detected in any urea‐treated PPB. Urinary and fecal excretion as well as nitrogen retention in cattle fed urea‐treated PPB were higher (P < 0.05) than in those fed no‐urea PPB and rice straw. With the exception that ruminal ammonia‐N levels in cattle fed urea‐treated PPB were higher (P < 0.05) than in those given no‐urea PPB and rice straw, ruminal pH, volatile fatty acid concentrations, and the acetic : propionic acid ratio of rumen content were unaffected by diets. The rank order of preference was rice straw > low‐urea > no‐urea > high‐urea. The results suggested that urea treatment of PPB inhibited growth of mold and yeast during silage storage, enhanced its digestibility and had nutritive value almost equivalent to that of rice straw.  相似文献   

18.
In a 4 x 4 Latin square design study, four rumen-cannulated local yellow cattle, average weight 330 kg, were fed urea-treated fresh rice straw (UFRS) ad libitum and given 1 kg cassava root meal daily as basal diet in each 30-day trial period. Four treatment levels of crude protein of fresh cassava tops (FCT) were supplied: 0 (FCT0), 50 (FCT50), 100 (FCT100) and 150 g (FCT150) crude protein per 100 kg body weight. The results showed a continuous decrease in dry matter intake (DMI) of UFRS with increasing level of FCT supplementation (p<0.001). Total DMI for treatments FCT150, FCT100, FCT50 and FCT0 were 2.66, 2.42, 2.23 and 2.05 kg dry matter per 100 kg live weight per day, respectively. Increasing levels of FCT supplementation increased the concentration of total volatile fatty acids (p<0.05) and ammonia (p<0.001) and resulted in a decrease in pH (p<0.05). Rumen protozoa population varied widely but was significantly lower with increasing FCT supplementation (p<0.001), while rumen bacteria population was higher (p<0.05). Overall, average plasma triiodothyronine and thyroxine concentrations in the four groups were respectively 1.36, 0.94, 0.91, 0.80 ng/ml (p<0.01) and 60.9, 48.7, 45.2, 42.5 ng/ml (p<0.001). There were non-significant differences in alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase concentrations among the treatments.  相似文献   

19.
The objectives of this study were to test the efficacy of producing lovastatin in rice straw treated with Aspergillus terreus in larger laboratory scale following the procedure previously reported and to investigate the effectiveness of the treated rice straw containing lovastatin on methane mitigation in goats. The concentration of lovastatin in the treated rice straw was 0.69?±?0.05 g/kg dry matter (DM) rice straw. Our results showed that supplementation of lovastatin at 4.14 mg/kg BW reduced methane production by 32% while improving the DM digestibility by 13% (P?<?0.05) in goats fed fermented rice straw compared to those fed untreated rice straw. Populations of total methanogens and Methanobacteriales species were significantly reduced (P?<?0.05) while the population of total bacteria and Ruminococcus albus were increased in the treatment group (P?<?0.05). Our results demonstrated that lovastatin in the treated rice straw acted specifically on the methanogens by inhibiting the activity of HMG-CoA reductase in the methanogens’ cell membrane biosynthesis pathway and thus the growth of rumen methanogens as previously reported. This study provides a simple yet practical approach to mitigate enteric methane production particularly in the developing countries which depend heavily on the use of agro-biomass such as rice straw to feed their ruminant animals.  相似文献   

20.
Production of sheep (nursing ewes) grazing alternately with cattle (growing weaned heifers) was compared to the production of sheep or cattle grazing alone (controls). Pasture production and sheep parasitism were also monitored. The herbage allowance was higher for the control heifers than for the alternate heifers, but the leaf to green material ratio (LGMR) was lower, and no difference on heifer growth was revealed (443 vs. 431g.d-1, P = 0.54). The LGMR was higher for the alternate sheep (+3 points) than for the control sheep, except during the dry season, when the herbage density was lower. The effects of parasitism on the packed cell volume of alternate ewes and lambs were lower than those of control ewes and lambs. However, the infection of sheep by Cooperia sp. (better adapted to cattle) was significantly higher for the alternate sheep than for the controls, and some indication of cattle infection by Haemonchus contortus was suggested. The 70-day lamb weight was higher in the alternate grazing system than in the control (+0.76,+1.11 and+0.61kg for the dry, intermediate and rainy seasons, respectively), and the average 70-day lamb production per ewe exposed was 21.42kg in the alternate grazing system vs. 18.59kg in the control (P = 0.003).  相似文献   

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