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以西瓜→西瓜、西瓜→绿豆、西瓜→南瓜、西瓜→油葵、西瓜→西葫芦、西瓜→芝麻不同轮作模式为例,研究了宁夏中卫香山地区压砂地土壤理化性状,并用典型相关分析法探讨了它与土壤微生物性状的关系。结果表明:西瓜→南瓜的土壤养分含量高于其它5种轮作模式,在这6种模式中,西瓜→南瓜会减缓压砂地土壤养分的耗尽,从而减缓压砂地的衰老,延长压砂地使用年限。综合这6种轮作模式土壤理化性状和微生物学性状14个指标的典型相关分析表明,微生物类群中影响土壤理化性状的主要是土壤微生物类群中的放线菌、硝化细菌数量和纤维素分解菌,而土壤理化性状中影响微生物类群密度的是土壤理化性状中的碱解氮、速效磷和全盐含量。 相似文献
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黄瓜是福建省漳州市芗城区主要种植的蔬菜种类,一般于冬春季利用大棚设施栽培,上年12月播种,3~4月采收,每667 m^(2)产量4 000~4 500 kg、产值1.4万~1.8万元,经济效益较高。由于大棚黄瓜多年连茬种植,近年来土壤连作障碍严重,病虫害频发,影响了黄瓜的产量和品质。为此,当地农技人员在芗城区天宝镇推广大棚黄瓜-水稻轮作模式,即在冬春茬黄瓜采收后种植一季水稻,以减轻土壤连作障碍。该水旱轮作模式既可增加粮食产量,保障粮食安全,又可改善土壤性状,减轻黄瓜病虫害的发生。该文从品种选择、整地定植、田间管理、病虫害防治和采收等方面介绍了大棚黄瓜-水稻轮作模式的栽培技术。 相似文献
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为确保遂昌县山地蔬菜主导品种——四季豆的健康、可持续发展,有效缓解因长年种植造成的土壤板结、病虫害频发、产量下降等问题,利用杂交稻制种与四季豆栽培茬口契合的特性,进行水旱轮作,既缓解了四季豆种植过程中连作障碍严重的现象,又确保了杂交稻制种产业的健康发展,同时大大增加了农民的经济收入,土壤理化性状得到改良,水旱轮作模式在遂昌取得了突出成效。 相似文献
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以连作7a的黄瓜试验田为研究对象,通过黄瓜-玉米轮作为栽培模式,设置后茬玉米不同种植密度和不同生长期处理,研究设施黄瓜连作土壤理化性质、酶活性及土壤微生物种群的变化。结果表明:后茬玉米种植密度为4 000株/667m2时,生长成熟模式与对照休闲处理相比较,土壤容重、EC值和有机质、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾含量降低,pH值升高;土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶活性升高,蔗糖酶和磷酸酶活性降低;土壤微生物结构改变,细菌和放线菌数量上升,真菌数量下降。黄瓜-玉米轮作模式对设施连作土壤性状的改善具有显著效果。 相似文献
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为解决设施蔬菜连作障碍严重问题,以番茄为材料,研究了水旱轮作和土壤调理剂对设施连作土壤酶活性和番茄产量的影响。结果表明,水旱轮作各处理的土壤酶活性、番茄光合作用效率、根系活力及产量均高于旱地连作。与CKB相比,CKA处理番茄的净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）、胞间CO2浓度（Ci）、蒸腾速率（Tr）、根系活力和产量分别提高184.98%、320.00%、9.94%、276.24%、2.66%和119.75%。在水旱轮作模式下,不同土壤调理剂对不同时间土壤酶活性、番茄光合作用和产量影响无显著差异。在旱地连作模式下,不同土壤调理剂对土壤酶活性影响不一致,提高了番茄光合作用效率和产量。因此,水旱轮作可以有效缓解番茄连作障碍,提高番茄产量,而土壤调理剂处理作用较小。 相似文献
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全覆膜马铃薯套种大豆,既能增加复种指数,又能提高单位面积产量和效益。研究了4种不同套种模式对马铃薯、大豆的生育期、产量及经济性状的影响。结果表明,套种模式下马铃薯长势对大豆的生育期及经济性状有一定的影响,但综合经济效益,马铃薯大豆行比2︰1种植,即垄上种植两行马铃薯、垄下种植1行大豆效益最好,能够为甘肃庄浪大面积推广马铃薯套种大豆提供技术支撑。 相似文献
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粮食安全问题关系国计民生,为保障粮食生产,各地出台了多项政策鼓励种粮[1,2]。为了响应国家号召,同时也为探索粮食作物和经济作物的协同发展新模式,宁波地区尝试了多种粮食作物和经济作物轮作的种植模式。水稻是宁波地区的主要粮食作物,也是最主要的口粮,在粮食生产中具有举足轻重的地位[3]。水稻—蔬菜水旱轮作模式是基于资源有效利用的种植方式,能实现提高土地复种指数、增加经济效益的目标[4]。同时,轮作是缓解连作障碍的一种有效措施,实行水旱轮作,还可以减轻病虫害的发生,实现化肥农药减量增效,防止土壤次生盐渍化,改善土壤理化性状,实现农业的可持续发展[5,6]。洋蓟,又名朝鲜蓟、法国百合,是菊科多年生草本植物,原产于地中海沿岸的中部和西部地区[7],早在2000多a前,罗马人就已经开始栽培和食用,欧美有上百年的食用历史,其被誉为“蔬菜之皇”。2015年,洋蓟作为特色蔬菜引入宁波种植,取得了良好的效益。经过多年试验,笔者根据生产实践,总结出了宁波地区洋蓟—水稻轮作高效种植模式,以供借鉴与推广。 相似文献
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The effects of combinations of salinity (no salt, 2000 p.p.m. or 4000 p.p.m. of CaCl2 and NaCl, 1:1) and water table (30 cm, 60 cm or 90 cm from the soil surface), on the vegetative growth and tolerance of ‘Golden Japanese’ plum and ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches were studied. The plants were grown in lysimeters. The growth of the trunk, total shoot length, the increase in shoot length per cm and the fresh weight of top, root and total plant were reduced with increasing salinity of the irrigation water. The effect was accentuated when the plants were maintained at high water table level. The salinity treatments resulted in the death of 43%, 73% and 76% of the plants in the plum, and the ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches, respectively, indicating that the plum is more tolerant to salinity than the peach. The plants of the salinity treatments showed various symptoms of salt injury, such as leaf burn, defoliation, shoot die-back and finally death. In the peaches, salt injury started to occur in the first growing-season, whereas the salt injury appeared in the plum in the second growing-season. The symptoms were more pronounced in the 4000 p.p.m. treatment than in the 2000 p.p.m. treatment and were more pronounced at the high water table level. The salinity level was the predominant factor and the effect of the water table on the vegetative growth diminished with increase in the salinity level of the irrigation water. 相似文献
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AIM：To establish a fast, accurate and economical technique for culturing mouse pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and to explore the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs. METHODS：In sterile condition, the pulmonary artery was isolated from the male BALB/c mice by digesting with collagenase I, and the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum-coated flask. Centrifugal procedure was not used during the cell passage. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. α-Smooth muscle actin was identified by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs were detected by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay. RESULTS：PASMCs were identified by the methods of immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and observation of morphology. Unlike the rat PASMCs with typical subcultured peak-vally pattern, the mouse PASMCs showed a lot different without a peak-vally pattern. The cells could be subcultured after 5 d to 7 d and there was 3 to 5 generations depending on the activity of the cells. CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the A values of PASMCs exposed to hypoxia increased after 24 h (P＜0.05) as compared with normoxia. TUNEL result showed that the apoptotic index of the PASMCs in hypoxia decreased after 24 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：This technique for obtaining cultured mouse PASMCs is simple, fast, accurate and economical. The digestion time is easy to control. Hypoxia promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of PASMCs. 相似文献
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小檗碱和壳聚糖抗蔬菜病原真菌活性测定及复合膜制备 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究了小檗碱和壳聚糖对几种常见蔬菜病原真菌的抑制活性,以及以小檗碱和壳聚糖为主料制备复合膜的方法,并测定了该膜的药物释放效果。试验表明:低浓度(0.234 mg/mL)小檗碱即可抑制辣椒炭疽病菌(Vermicularia capsici)等5种蔬菜病原真菌的生长。20 mg/mL浓度壳聚糖对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抑制率高达65%,而对其余4种果蔬病原真菌也有一定的抑制作用。为了集成这2种天然化合物的优点,制备了小檗碱-壳聚糖复合膜,该膜具有缓释功能,在模拟外部环境(磷酸缓冲液,pH 6.8)条件下,20 d小檗碱累计释放率接近25%,提示其在果蔬贮藏抗菌中的应用价值。 相似文献
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钾肥在小白菜和萝卜上的施用效果 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
采用盆栽试验方法研究了施用钾肥对小白菜、萝卜生长发育、产量、品质及钾素含量的影响。结果表明 ,施用钾肥对小白菜和水萝卜的株高、叶片数无显著的影响 ,但可提高水萝卜块根的产量 ,提高幅度为 31.0 4 %～ 97.93%。施用钾肥可提高小白菜和萝卜的蛋白质和VC含量 ,降低硝酸盐含量 ,增加植株的钾素含量 相似文献
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Fresh onion seeds desiccated to 6.0% seed moisture content (SMC) were stored in various packaging materials under different storage conditions. Seeds packed in aluminum-laminated pouches beside those stored with silica gel at 25 °C maintained satisfactory germinability and vigour after 12 months. Desiccated seeds stored in moisture impervious containers produced more vigourous seedlings. Germination potential of onion seeds increased with reduced SMC besides storage in moisture impervious packets along with desiccants as physiological and biochemical attributes are regulated. Seed viability and vigour decreased with accelerated ageing due to increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of several free radical and peroxide scavenging enzymes. Electrical conductance of seed leachates also increased with ageing. Thus, adoption of appropriate storage temperature and moisture control techniques would significantly affect onion seed quality, which was due to minimum accumulation of free peroxide radicals and enhanced activity of free radical scavenging enzymes. 相似文献
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