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1.
《畜牧兽医学报》1991,(2)
本文研究了六个不同pH梯度;四种人工综合培养基(M_(199),EMEM,F_(10),F_(12));YE_(25)(酵母提取物),CLB_(33)(牛肝汤),RLE_(50)(兔肝提取物);Filde's试剂对离体培养中蒙古马歇尔线虫L_3发育为L_4的影响;比较了次氯酸钠脱鞘和MRF(改良法配制的RFN)85分钟脱鞘效果及对L_3发育为L_4的影响。 较早出现脱皮的培养基为:M_(1(?)) CEE_(50) CBS,pH5.2(脱皮出现于培养后第8天)。L_4出现率较高的培养为:(1)MRF85分钟脱鞘后移入MRF内培养2天;(2)以M_(199)为主配制而成的M_9加谷胱苷肽、Filde's试剂,pH4.5～5,培养8天;(3)M_9加Filde's试剂,pH6,培养40天。L_4的出现率达46.7％。 相似文献
2.
水牛巴贝斯虫病病原—牛巴贝斯虫体外培养的研究 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
本研究采用微气静相培养技术,对一株采自人工感染的去脾脏水牛犊的牛巴贝斯虫(Babesia bovis)进行了80天的连续体外培养·继代26次,累积增殖6.51×10~((?))倍;累积稀释2.19×10~(35)倍。培养24小时红细胞的染虫率为2.63±0.50％;48小时为7.18±1.39％;72小时为20.78±4 52％。最高红细胞染虫率达33.50％。体外培养的牛巴贝斯虫与采自病牛血液内的牛巴贝斯虫形态一致,说明已建立了水牛巴贝斯虫病病原——牛巴贝斯虫的体外培养。 对影响牛巴贝斯虫体外培养的几种因素进行的实验结果表明:培养液pH值显著地影响虫体的繁殖,最适的体外连续培养的pH为7.2;合适的血清浓度为40％;血清灭活后,支持牛巴贝斯虫生长繁殖的能力明显降低;脱纤血分离的血清和自然凝固血析出的血清用于培养的效果相同;RPMI-1640和TCM-199培养液支持牛巴贝斯虫生长繁殖的能力没有差异。 相似文献
3.
探讨E.tenella在鸡胚盲肠上皮细胞体外培养的营养条件,观察其发育过程。用鸡胚盲肠上皮细胞体外培养E.tenella,对子孢子接种基础培养基、营养物质含量及血清浓度进行了优选,并对优化营养条件下E.tenella的发育过程进行了观察。MEM199培养基中24、48、72h的虫体感染率显著(P0.05)或极显著(P0.01)高于DMEM培养基;MEM199培养基中叶酸、VB6、VB1的含量为6mg·L-1时,24、48、72h的虫体感染率显著(P0.05)高于其他组,分别为25.33%、12.67%和12.33%;MEM199培养基中葡萄糖含量为3000mg·L-1,胰岛素含量为0.40mg·L-1时,有较多的成熟裂殖体形成;接种子孢子后于4、48、96h换液,接种时和4、48h血清浓度为2.5%,96h为1%,有利于子孢子的后期发育;优化营养条件下,细胞接种子孢子后4、24、48、72、96、120h的细胞虫体感染率分别为42%、28%、20%、15%、13.67%、13.67%,且E.tenella可在鸡胚盲肠上皮细胞中完成内生发育过程,并形成卵囊。结果表明,获得了能使E.tenella在鸡胚盲肠上皮细胞完成整个内生发育的体外培养营养条件。 相似文献
4.
根据1株 ND 单抗与 NDV 分离物在 IIF 试验中的反应性,将8株 NDV 分离物划分为 a、b、c、d、e、f6个不同反应谱组,此反应谱与对照株(F_(48)E_8、NM、I 系、I 系和 La Sota株,)和11株 ND 单抗之反应谱各不相同。HI 试验表明,8株 NDV 分离物的 HA 活性都能被鸡新城疫阳性血清所抑制:大部分 NDV 分离物的 HA 活性能被ND 单抗 F_(2(?)-5-8-4)、L_(2-3-1)、Lc_(24-11)、L_(15-(5))、LE_(22-3)和 M_(10)所抑制;部分 NDV 分离物的 HA 活性能被 ND 单抗LD_(2-3-(7))和 L_(10-4)所抑制;8株 NDV 分离物的 HA 活性均不能被 ND 单抗 FHY_(33-29-3)所抑制。以上结果表明,8株 NDV 分离物之间以及与 NDV 对照株间存在抗原性差异。 相似文献
5.
为筛选出适合在苏中地区种植的青贮玉米(Zea mays L.)品种,本试验对4个青贮玉米品种进行全株青贮,比较青贮品质和瘤胃降解特性。试验结果表明：‘雅玉8号’全株玉米青贮的乳酸含量较高(P<0.05),pH值、氨态氮含量和乙酸含量低于‘扬大109’(P<0.05)。全株玉米青贮的瘤胃干物质有效降解率由高到低依次为‘康源01号’(40.98%)、‘扬大109’(39.25%)、‘雅玉8号’(37.69%)和‘牧场06号’(35.29%)。瘤胃中性洗涤纤维有效降解率由高到低依次为‘扬大109’(29.91%)、‘雅玉8号’(28.75%)、‘牧场06号’(27.12%)和‘康源01号’(21.20%)。综上所述,在本试验选取的4个青贮玉米品种中,‘牧场06号’是最适宜在苏中地区推广种植的青贮玉米品种。 相似文献
6.
我们将从霉形体病鸡肺组织中分离的BG7L株菌种培养于改良FM-4液体培养基及固体培养基中,收获3日龄液体培养物(2ml分装若干管)及5日龄固体培养基培养物.置于-4℃、4℃、室温(24～32℃)及37℃下,隔日各取液体培养物0.2ml接入2ml液体培养基中,37℃培养,每天观察pH变化,当pH从7.6下降至6.8或6.8以下时判为霉形体存活.持续培养2周PH不变者判为失活.固体培养物同时培养,即将带有密集菌落的琼脂块反扣在新的固体培养基表面,来回涂抹,置于含5～10％CO~2箱中培养,3～5天后在低倍镜下观察菌落发育情况,有菌落生长者判为存活,不生长者继续培养2周,仍无菌落生长者判为失活.结果,BG7L株固体培养物在-4℃时存活6天, 相似文献
7.
探索培养基和换液时间对E.tenella子孢子在宿主细胞体外培养的影响,为E.tenella损伤机制及抗球虫药的研究提供体外模型。本实验研究了不同换液时间和不同培养基对E.tenella子孢子在鸡胚盲肠上皮细胞体外培养中发育情况的影响。结果表明:(1)在相同培养基下(MEM199培养基或RPMR1640),与3h换液相比,4h换液更适于E.tenella子孢子的入侵;4h换液后培养至24h(或48h),E.tenella子孢子发育更好。(2)相同培养时间下,与RPMR1640培养基相比MEM199培养基更适于E.tenella子孢子的发育。 相似文献
8.
<正> 家兔豆状囊尾蚴病流行较为广泛,感染率高,使养兔生产受到一定损失。但目前除剖杀检查虫体确诊外,尚无其他诊断方法。因此,提出本病的诊断方法,以获得及时治疗和控制,至为重要。 一、材料与方法 (一)抗原制备:试验用抗原系采集自然发病兔的虫体(包括泡囊和泡液),用PBS作1:12.5倍稀释,置-30℃冰箱,反复冻融5次,离心20分钟,3000转/分,取其上清液即为抗原。 (二)致敏血球的制备 1、采取2—8岁健康公绵羊脱纤血若干,用生理盐水将其20倍稀释后,以2 相似文献
9.
本文通过动物模型研究了广西水牛类圆线虫病的病原体乳突类圆线虫(S.Papillosus)的生活史。 (一)体外发育从粪便中分离的虫卵,在24.5～29℃和湿润条件下,大多数虫卵于4～8小时孵化幼虫(48.84％),至24小时虫卵孵化率为60～68％。孵化后,第一期杆状蚴培养16～20小时,经一次脱皮为第二期杆状蚴。培养30～50小时,虫体逐渐发展为2种类型。 1、直接发育型一部分虫体较长,运动缓慢,以后虫体增长缩细,食道显著延 相似文献
10.
配制了pH、渗透压接近的3种精液稀释液,37℃下每隔2 h测定鸡精子活率,直到全部精子死亡为止,计算精子存活时间和生存指数。结果表明,鸡精子在B稀释液中存活时间极显著高于A稀释液和C稀释液(P<0.01),A、C稀释液间差异不显著(P>0.05)。鸡精子在A、B、C 3种稀释液中存活时间分别为(12.6±0.5)h、(14.0±0.3)h和(12.1±0.8)h,生存指数依次为5.7±0.6、6.6±1.7、2.9±0.8,在A稀释液和B稀释液中生存指数极显著高于C稀释液(P<0.01),A稀释液和B稀释液差异不显著(P>0.05)。 相似文献
11.
M Eysker 《Research in veterinary science》1979,26(1):115-116
An examination of the occurrence of crystalline inclusions in the intestinal cells of fourth and fifth stage Haemonchus contortus revealed that a high percentage of inhibited early fourth stage larvae (L4) and developing L4 and a lower percentage of early fifth stage larvae (L5) harboured these crystals. Before the fourth moult crystals were falling into pieces, indicating that worms harbouring crystals can develop further. The presence of crystals may be associated with a retardation of development. 相似文献
12.
Worm counts from Yankassa ewes, lambs and tracer lambs grazing unimproved pasture at Zaria were obtained each month during the rainy season of 1976. In June and July up to 14 per cent of the Haemonchus contortus populations consisted of early fourth stage larvae (L4). In August this increased to more than 55 per cent and in October to more than 95 per cent. From June to August most of the abundant late L4 contained rodlike crystals. More than 95 per cent of the Haemonchus contortus populations of two lambs killed two weeks after infection with infective larvae, cultured for seven days at 25 degrees to 30 degrees C in the dark, were early L4. Inhibited 3rd stage Trichostrongylus spp did not exceed 26 per cent of the worm populations. 相似文献
13.
V S Pandey 《Veterinary parasitology》1990,36(3-4):347-351
The abomasa of sheep grazing on natural pastures in the highveld of Zimbabwe were examined for Haemonchus contortus. Of 304 abomasa, 213 (70%) harboured H. contortus. The worm burden increased during the rains to reach the peak in February-March. This was followed by a decline with low worm loads throughout the dry season. The fourth stage larvae (L4) accounted for 1-7% of the total H. contortus population, except during July and August when they comprised 22 and 54% of the worm burden, respectively. It appears that the inhibition of H. contortus is not common in the commercial farming sector where sheep are treated very frequently. 相似文献
14.
The relative contribution of third (L3), fourth (L4) or adult stages of Haemonchus contortus to the development of immunity was evaluated in three groups of sheep subjected to infections terminated by oxfendazole treatments at the L3, L4 or adult stage. A control group did not receive immunising infections. All the groups were challenged with 5000 L3, to evaluate the protection provided by the different protocols. All sheep were necropsied at the end of the experiment to count the abomasal worm burdens. A marked reduction in egg counts after challenge infection was only observed in sheep in which the infection was terminated in the adult stage (Group 4). A significant reduction in worm burden was also observed in Group 4. The immunising infections and/or the challenge infection resulted in moderately elevated IgG antibody levels against L3, L4 and adult somatic antigens in all the groups. In contrast, a strong IgG response against H. contortus excretory/secretory (ES) antigens was observed in the groups in which the immunising infection was terminated in the L4 and the adult stage. An elevated lymphocyte proliferation response against Haemonchus ES antigens was found only in the group that had their immunising infection terminated at the adult stage. The combined data suggest that exposure to and elicited immunological responses to ES antigens are important for the development of immunity against H. contortus. 相似文献
15.
Decreased ivermectin and moxidectin sensitivity in Haemonchus contortus selected with moxidectin over 14 generations. 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Ivermectin resistance in the nematode Haemonchus contortus has been reported in many parts of the world and many ivermectin resistant isolates have been found to have reduced sensitivity to moxidectin. However, it is unclear whether parasites that are selected with moxidectin would demonstrate reduced sensitivity to ivermectin. In this study, the effects of moxidectin and ivermectin on an unselected strain and a strain of H. contortus derived from the unselected strain but selected over 14 generations with moxidectin, were compared in jirds. The recovery of adult worms and fourth stage (L4) larvae following treatment were compared between strains and anthelmintics. Moxidectin-selected H. contortus showed reduced sensitivity to ivermectin as well as to moxidectin. Doses of 0.1 mg/kg of moxidectin and 0.4 mg/kg of ivermectin were necessary to obtain an efficacy of 95% or above against the moxidectin-selected strain of H. contortus compared with 0.025 mg/kg for moxidectin and 0.1 mg/kg for ivermectin required for a similar efficacy in the unselected strain. 相似文献
16.
Ríos-de Álvarez L Jackson F Greer A Bartley Y Bartley DJ Grant G Huntley JF 《Veterinary parasitology》2012,186(3-4):390-398
Lectins are plant secondary metabolites (PSM) found in many forages and which may confer anthelmintic properties to gastrointestinal parasites through disrupting the development of parasitic larvae throughout its life cycle. In experiment 1, the ability of the plant lectins jacalin (JAC), concanavalin A (Con A), phytohemagglutinin E2L2 (PHA-E2L2), phytohemagglutinin L4 (PHA-L4), phytohemagglutinin E3L (PHA-E3L), kidney bean albumin (KBA), Robinia pseudoacacia agglutinin (RPA), Maackia amurensis lectin (MAA), Maclura pomifera agglutinin (MAA), Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) and Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) to disrupt the feeding of the first stage larvae (L(1)) of the sheep gastro-intestinal nematodes (GIN) Teladorsagia circumcincta, Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis was investigated using a larval feeding inhibition test (LFIT). Only PHA-E3L, WGA and Con A had a potent effect on disrupting larval feeding of all of the three species of GIN investigated. The lectin concentration required to inhibit feeding in 50% of L(1) (IC50) was 7.3±1.2, 8.3±1.4 and 4.3±1.7 μg/ml for PHA-E3L; 59.1±32.4, 58.7±11.9 and 8.1±7.0 μg/ml for Con A and 78.9±11.2, 69.4±8.1 and 28.0±14.1 μg/ml for WGA for T. circumcincta, H. contortus and T. colubriformis larvae, respectively (P=0.006). The addition of the lectin inhibitors fetuin, glucose/mannose or N-acetylglucosamine for PHA-E3L, Con A and WGA, respectively, caused an increase in the proportion of larvae that had fed at all concentrations for PHA-E3L only. In experiment 2, the effect of extracts from the tropical plants Azadiractha indica, Trichanthera gigantea, Morus alba, Gliricidia sepium and Leucaena leucocephala on the feeding behaviour of H. contortus L(1,) was examined. A. indica, T. gigantea and M. alba failed to inhibit 50% of larvae from feeding at concentrations up to 10mg plant extract per ml. In contrast, both G. sepium and L. leucocephala demonstrated a dose-dependent effect on larval feeding with respective IC50 estimates (mean±s.e.) of 0.015 mg/ml ±0.001 and 3.465 mg/ml ±0.144, effects which were partly reversed by the inclusion of either the tannin inhibitor polyethylene glycol or the lectin inhibitor Fetuin. These studies demonstrate that plant lectins can have an inhibitory effect on the feeding behaviour of first stage larvae of ovine GIN in vitro. Moreover they also provide novel evidence that lectins may contribute to the anthelmintic properties of some tropical forage plant extracts, such as G. sepium and L. leucocephala. 相似文献
17.
Twelve goats were inoculated with 40,000 third-stage Haemonchus contortus larvae and two were killed on each of Days 4, 7, 11, 14, 18 and 21 after inoculation (DAI). The number of worms that established, and the site of development were recorded. More worms established in the fundic, than in the middle or pyloric thirds of the abomasum. Early development occurred within the mucosa; emergence into the lumen started between 7 and 11 days after infection. By 4 DAI, all worms had completed the third moult to the L4 stage. At 11 DAI the majority of the worms were adults. A mean of 13.2% of the female worms had eggs in their uteri at 18 DAI; by 21 DAI more than half of the female worms had eggs in their uteri. The development of H. contortus was essentially similar to that described in sheep. 相似文献
18.
Worm egg counts of yearling Angora or Merino wethers grazing in mixed flocks at either 4/ha or 8/ha were observed over a 5 month period. Based on faecal egg counts infection levels in the sheep increased for the first 3 months and then decreased as the animals developed resistance. Egg counts in the goats did not decrease during the experiment. Post mortem worm counts indicated that there was a significant host species--stocking rate interaction on worm burdens of Haemonchus contortus adults and Ostertagia circumcincta adults and larvae. Goats had more H. contortus and O. circumcincta adults than sheep at the 8/ha stocking rate. At 4/ha goats had fewer O. circumcincta fourth stage larvae than sheep. There was no stocking rate effect on the numbers of Trichostrongylus axei or T. colubriformis. Sheep had more T. axei and fewer T. colubriformis than goats. 相似文献
19.
R K Reinecke I L De Villiers C Brückner 《The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research》1984,51(1):25-31
Four groups of 6-7-month-old Merino lambs were each dosed with 40 000 infective larvae of Trichostrongylus axei on 2 November 1976 and subsequently exposed to challenge with Haemonchus contortus on natural grazing at the University of Pretoria's Experimental Farm in the eastern suburbs of Pretoria. One of these groups and one group of controls were killed every 8 weeks from the end of December 1976-June 1977. Predosing with T. axei was greater than 50% effective against 5th stage and adult H. contortus in greater than 50% of sheep for 164 days (Class C), improving to greater than 60% in greater than 60% of sheep (Class B) 220 days after dosing T. axei. The numbers of retarded 4th stage larvae (L4) of H. contortus in the undosed controls as well as in the sheep predosed with T. axei rose from a low level in summer (December) to a peak in late Autumn (June). 相似文献
20.
按照多房棘球绦虫幼虫-泡球蚴培养的培养基（RPMI-1640、M199和MEM）分为3组：Ⅰ组为含10％胎牛血清的RPMI-1640;Ⅱ组为含10％胎牛血清的MEM;HI组为含10％胎牛血清的M199。将泡球蚴在3种细胞培养液中进行培养,观察其存活、生长以及发育情况。结果显示,培养9d的泡球蚴的成活率分别为：Ⅰ组90．10％、Ⅱ组50．25％、Ⅲ组22．03％;成囊率分别为：Ⅰ组57．12％、Ⅱ组63．15％、Ⅲ组48．17％;头节外翻率分别为：Ⅰ组98．28％、Ⅱ组88．65％、Ⅲ组75．50％。可见,大多数虫体在早期向囊发育,一部分虫体头节外翻,并伴有规律的伸缩运动,但随时间的延长虫体运动减缓,又向囊蚴发育。通过对多房棘球绦虫泡球蚴的体外培养,初步表明合有10％小牛血清的细胞培养基RPMI-1640较适合泡球蚴的生长发育,为研究寄生虫发育提供了最基本的数据资料。 相似文献