共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Mohammad Ali Baghestani Eskandar Zand Saeid Soufizadeh Naser Bagherani Reza Deihimfard 《Crop Protection》2007,26(12):1759-1764
Three field experiments were conducted at the research fields of Plant Protection Research Institute, Iran, at different locations in 2004–2005 to study the efficacy of different broadleaved herbicides to control weeds in wheat. Treatments were the full-season hand weeded and weed-infested controls, and post-emergence applications of florasulam plus flumetsulam at 8.75, 10.50, and 12.25 g a.i./ha, 2,4-D plus carfentrazone-ethyl at 210, 245, 280, and 490 g a.i./ha, bromoxynil plus MCPA at 75, 100, and 150 g a.i./ha, 2,4-D at 560, 720, and 1120 g a.i./ha, tribenuron methyl, and 2,4-D plus MCPA. Herbicides were applied at wheat tillering stage. Naturally occurring broadleaved weed populations were used in experiments. Results indicated that bromoxynil plus MCPA at 150 g a.i./ha, 2,4-D plus MCPA, and 2,4-D plus carfentrazone-ethyl at 490 g a.i./ha were the best options to control weeds. Bromoxynil plus MCPA at 150 g a.i./ha and 2,4-D plus MCPA also resulted in the highest wheat yield. Overall, it could be concluded that rotational application of bromoxynil plus MCPA at 150 g a.i./ha, 2,4-D plus MCPA, and 2,4-D plus carfentrazone-ethyl at 490 g a.i./ha would be the best option to achieve satisfactory weed control, high grain yield and prevention of evolution of herbicide-resistant weeds. 相似文献
2.
P. N. P. Chow 《Crop Protection》1989,8(6):447-450
Broad-spectrum weed control by use of imazamethabenz (AC 222 293) in herbicide combinations was investigated in the greenhouse. Imazamethabenz at rates ranging from 0·1 to 0·4 kg a.i./ha effectively controlled wild oats (Avena fatua L.). Additional control of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) was achieved when imazamethabenz, plus octoxynol surfactant, was applied in combination with MCPA (amine or ester) or commercial MCPA mixtures (bromoxynil/MCPA and cyanazine/MCPA). Only inclusion of propanil/MCPA in the combination reduced wild-oat control by imazamethabenz at the lower rate (0·1 kg/ha). Control of green foxtail (Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.) was also obtained by use of fenoxaprop-ethyl in combination with imazamethabenz (plus octoxynol). Three-way mixtures of imazamethabenz (or plus octoxynol), MCPA alone or mixture, and fenoxaprop-ethyl may provide practical control of grass and broad-leaved weeds in the field. 相似文献
3.
The fungicide cyproconazole and four herbicides, DNOC, dicamba, ioxynil and bromoxynil, were tested singly and in mixtures against Rhizoctonia cerealis (in vitro and on wheat) and against Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides (in vitro, as well as against two weeds, Avena fatua and Sinapis alba. Cyproconazole showed very strong fungicidal acitivity against both fungi. DNOC was inhibitory to the fungi in vitro but had little effect on the disease; dicamba had low activity against the fungi in vitro but prevented the disease on wheat. Ioxynol and bromoxynil were moderately fungitoxic both in vitro and against the disease. Cyproconazole-herbicide mixtures were synergistic in their action against both fungi in vitro and against the disease. The level of synergism depended on the relative proportion of fungicide and herbicide components in the mixtures. Mixtures of herbicides with cyproconazole against weeds were at best additive in their activity. 相似文献
4.
The herbicides metobromuron, diphenamid and dinitramine were tested either singly or in combination with dalapon for the control of weed species in transplanted tomato crops in Saudi Arabia, during 1979 and 1980. All herbicides were effective in controlling Chenopodium murale L., the primary broad-leaved weed in the area. However, they were less effective against other broad-leaved weed species and, even in combination with dalapon, failed to reduce populations of grass weeds. Tomato seedlings showed various degrees of injury: dinitramine was the most phytotoxic herbicide, followed by metobromuron and diphenamid. No toxicity was observed for dalapon. Diphenamid was the most promising herbicide for controlling weeds and producing significantly higher yields of tomatoes. 相似文献
5.
Field research conducted over six location years has indicated that lathyrus (Lathyrus sativus L.) is a poor competitor with annual weed species. Failure to control annual weeds reduced lathyrus seed yields by 54–95%, depending on the weed species present and their density. Weed competition also reduced thousand-seed weight. Preplant soil-incorporated applications of trifluralin and postemergence applications of sethoxydim controlled wild oat (Avena fatua L.) and green foxtail (Setaria viridis (L.) Beav.). Trifluralin failed to control wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.), an important broad-leaved weed in western Canada, but this weed was controlled by both preplant soil-incorporated and postemergence applications of metribuzin. Lathyrus exhibited excellent tolerance to these herbicides, which are currently registered for use on high-acreage crops in Canada. 相似文献
6.
To evaluate the allelopathic effects of major crops and weeds, studies were conducted during 2011–12 and 2012–13 by utilizing water extracts of allelopathic plants namely rice (Oryza sativa L.), Parthenium hysterophorus L., Phragmites australis Cav., and Datura alba L. with reduced rates of fenoxaprop-p-ethyl and bromoxynil plus MCPA to control weeds. Application of Phragmites australis and Parthenium hysterophorus along with lower rates of fenoxaprop-p-ethyl and bromoxynil plus MCPA showed promising results by controlling weeds and improving yield. Parthenium hysterophorus extract with half of the recommended dose of fenoxaprop-p-ethyl and bromoxynil plus MCPA reduced weed density by 51 and 50% during year 1 and year 2, respectively, compared with the control. Phragmites australis extract with half of the recommended dose of fenoxaprop-p-ethyl produced grain yield (5.7 and 6.1 t ha−1 during year 1 and 2, respectively) in wheat. However, these results were also at par with Parthenium hysterophorus and Datura alba extracts in combinations with half the recommended doses of the above mentioned herbicides. The study of microbial activity showed higher amount of mineralizable carbon in D. alba with half the recommended dose of fenoxaprop-p-ethyl treated plots (0.073 g during both the years). The lowest amount of mineralizable carbon (0.035 and 0.030 g during year 1 and 2, respectively) was observed in the control plots. The presence of allelopathic plants in field crops and subsequent mixing in soil by tillage may create problems in crop production. Therefore, further studies are suggested to fully explore all the possible interactions among allelochemicals and herbicides. 相似文献
7.
D. Shane Hennigh Kassim Al-Khatib Randall S. Currie Mitchell R. Tuinstra Patrick W. Geier Phillip W. Stahlman Mark M. Claassen 《Crop Protection》2010
The recent development of grain sorghum hybrids with resistance to acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides has allowed for the use of several post-emergence applied (POST) ALS-inhibitors to control weeds in the crop. Field experiments were conducted at four sites in Kansas in 2008 to evaluate the efficacy of nicosulfuron and nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron applied alone or in combination with dicamba, metsulfuron methyl, and atrazine. All POST treatments slightly injured sorghum 2 weeks after treatment (WAT) at Garden City and Hesston, whereas at Hays and Manhattan, only treatments that included dicamba caused injury. Nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron applied alone provided 41, 83, 74, and 93% control of grasses 4 WAT at Garden City, Hays, Hesston, and Manhattan, respectively. However, to obtain the highest level broadleaf weed control, nicosulfuron or nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron need to be applied with other broadleaf herbicides. POST treatment of nicosulfuron + metsulfuron methyl + dicamba + atrazine provided 90% or greater control of all broadleaf weeds at sorghum flowering. Sorghum grain yield was greater following all herbicide treatments compared with the weedy check. The POST treatment that provided the highest yield at Garden City was nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron + atrazine, whereas in Hesston and Manhattan, nicosulfuron + metsulfuron methyl + dicamba + atrazine provided the highest yields. This research showed that many grasses can be effectively controlled with POST applications of nicosulfuron or nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron in ALS-resistant sorghum. The research also indicated that broadleaf weed control is greater when nicosulfuron or nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron are applied with other broadleaf-control herbicides such as dicamba, metsulfuron methyl, and atrazine. 相似文献
8.
12种除草剂对冬小麦田阔叶杂草的防除效果 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为了筛选出对麦田阔叶杂草防效较高的药剂,选择12种目前生产中常用的除草剂进行大田试验。结果表明,施药后15d,对播娘蒿、荠菜、猪殃殃三种杂草总体株数防效最好的是对杂草致死速度快的唑草酮,40%唑草酮水分散粒剂30g(a.i.)·hm-2(指每公顷有效成分用量为30g,其余类推)处理的株数防效达91.78%;施药后30d对三种杂草总体株数防效最好的是55%苯·唑·2甲钠可湿性粉剂412.5g(a.i.)·hm-2处理,株数防效为96.53%,鲜重防效为98.79%;总体株数防效和鲜重防效仅次于55%苯·唑·2甲钠可湿性粉剂处理的分别是58g·L-1双氟·唑嘧胺悬浮剂11.8g(a.i.)·hm-2处理(株数防效为93.59%)、37%炔·苄·唑草酮可湿性粉剂222g(a.i.)·hm-2处理(鲜重防效为98.76%);总体鲜重防效最低的是30%二氯吡啶酸水剂202.5g(a.i.)·hm-2处理(鲜重防效仅为35.29%)。三种杂草对同种药剂的敏感性存在差异。12种除草剂对小麦的安全性有一定差异,唑草酮及其混剂处理后小麦产生的触杀型药害斑及啶磺草胺处理的小麦叶片黄化均可恢复,对小麦的产量无不良影响,其他处理均对小麦安全。 相似文献
9.
[目的]筛选适宜五寨县莜麦田的除草剂。[方法]以二甲四氯、苯磺隆和2,4-D丁酯为供试药剂,通过调查五寨县莜麦田杂草种类和数量,研究3种除草剂的除草效果及对莜麦产量的影响。[结果]五寨县莜麦田杂草主要有狗尾草、稗草、碱草、茅草、禾草、芒草、雀麦草等1年生禾本科杂草,灰菜、苋菜、胡舌芽等1年生藜科杂草,以及菊科杂草甜苣、苦苣和苍耳、田旋花、酸地柳等;使用传统的人工锄草灭草和增产效果最好;化学除草剂2,4-D丁酯稀释1500～2000倍除草效果较好,分别较喷施二甲四氯、苯磺隆增产4.62%和3.82%。[结论]采用先使用化学除草剂,再人工锄草,或后期拔大草模式除草效果最好。 相似文献
10.
以桂糖29号、桂糖02 -1156、桂糖05 -3084、新台糖22号4个甘蔗品种为材料,用56％二甲四氯钠盐、48％蔗草灭、38％莠去津、99.9％乙草胺4种除草剂做防除杂草的田间试验.结果表明:甘蔗产量最高的为38％莠去津胶悬剂处理,但各处理间差异不显著;产量构成因素中,茎径差异显著,株高、有效茎数、分蘖率差异不显著.这4种除草剂对甘蔗安全性好,可做土壤封闭和芽后(3～5叶)处理.其中56％二甲四氯钠粉剂对单子叶杂草防效差,99.9％乙草胺乳油对3叶以上的杂草防效差,38％莠去津胶悬剂防效最佳,田间剂量以3 748 g/hm2为宜. 相似文献
11.
Eskandar Zand Mohammad Ali Baghestani Majid AghaAlikhani Saeid Soufizadeh Mohammad Mehdi Khayami Reza PourAzar Peyman Sabeti Mohammad Jamali Naser Bagherani Somayyeh Forouzesh 《Crop Protection》2010
Experiments were conducted in 2006–2007 at six research stations of the Iranian Plant Protection Research Institute to study the efficacy of different herbicides to control weeds in wheat. Treatments included mesosulfuron-methyl plus iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium plus mefenpyr-diethyl (WG) at 45 + 45 + 135 g a.i./ha, respectively, sulfosulfuron at 21, 31.5, 42 and 51 g a.i./ha, chlorsulfuron at 15 g a.i./ha, bromoxynil plus MCPA at 600 g a.i./ha with clodinafop propargyl at 64 g a.i./ha, sulfosulfuron plus metsulfuron-methyl at 36 g a.i./ha, mesosulfuron-methyl plus iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium plus mefenpyr-diethyl (OD) at 15 + 3 + 45 g a.i./ha, respectively, and a full season weed-free control. Herbicides were applied at wheat tillering. Results showed that sulfosulfuron plus metsulfuron-methyl, and bromoxynil plus MCPA with clodinafop propargyl resulted in satisfactory weed control and wheat grain yield at most locations. Weed control efficacy of both formulations of mesosulfuron-methyl plus iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium was variable across locations. Efficacy of the OD formulation appears to depend upon location, so that application of this herbicide at Shiraz and Gorgan resulted in better weed control compared to use of the WG. Satisfactory performance of the OD formulation at Gorgan and Shiraz could be attributed in part to the even pattern of rainfall distribution during the growing season and wheat cultivar used, respectively. With respect to grain yield, however, the OD formulation was better than WG formulation at most of the locations. 相似文献
12.
苏北垦区豆田杂草分属15科,36属,41种,恶性杂草有稗,苍耳等9种。在大豆整个生育期间通常出现1～2个萌发高峰,主要集中在6月中旬～7月下旬。杂草种子于8～10月成熟。种子在土壤中的埋深及出苗期,直接影响杂草的出苗和繁殖。杂草与大豆的相互竞争,以在大豆播种一个月后最为剧烈。0～2cm和6～25cm耕层中贮葳的杂草种子最多。 相似文献
13.
Field experiments were conducted in 2010 and 2011 in a typical location of North China Plain to evaluate weed control efficacy of four post-emergence herbicides nicosulfuron, mesotrione, topramezone and the combination of mesotrione/nicosulfuron when they were applied at reduced doses at different weed growth stages. Experimental results showed that nicosulfuron, topramezone and the combination of mesotrione/nicosulfuron provided better weed control efficacy than mesotrione when they were applied at their label recommended doses at the 2- to 3-leaf and 4- to 5-leaf stages of weeds; nicosulfuron and mesotrione/nicosulfuron could at least be reduced by 33% and topramezone reduced by 67% without sacrificing total weed control efficacy and maize grain yield. Nicosulfuron and its combination with mesotrione could effectively control broadleaved and grass weeds when their doses were reduced by 67% and by 33%, respectively. Topramezone could effectively control broadleaved and grass weeds when its dose was reduced by 67%. The efficacy of mesotrione in controlling grass weeds was bad even at the label recommended dose. All four herbicides tested did not affect the maize grain yield. 相似文献
14.
Fennel has been widely used in traditional medicine for their antimicrobial effects. Since fennel is long duration crop and have slow initial growth, it protection from weed is essential. Experiments were conducted for two consecutive seasons to evaluate the efficacy of soil-applied herbicides at the reduced rates in combination with physical control for weed management and optimizing the yield of fennel. Treatments were type of herbicide (trifluralin and pendimethalin), application dose (recommend dose (R), 75% R, 50% R, and 0% R) and physical weed control (none, one hand-weeding at 50 day after planting (DAP), wheat straw mulch). Weed-free control treatment was also included in each year. The results showed that the use of soil-applied herbicides resulted in reduced weed biomass but did not provide season long weed control without an additional physical control. In both seasons, pendimethalin provided better weeds control than trifluralin. Reduced herbicide rates were found to be more effective when herbicides application followed by hand-weeding than when were used alone or combined with mulch. Experimental results also showed that one time increasing in herbicide rates increased seed yield by 17.5 and 7.5% in 2012 and 16.5 and 6.3% in 2013, when one hand-weeding and mulching were used as supplemental control, respectively. Overall, the 75% of the labeled recommended rate of herbicides followed by one hand-weeding at 50 DAP produced consistently high yields and less weed biomass, reflecting both superior weed control and crop safety. 相似文献
15.
In India, dry-seeded rice (DSR) production systems are rapidly replacing conventional rice production systems due to various advantages. DSR systems can be managed under zero-till (ZT) conditions or after a preparatory tillage, often referred to as conventional tillage systems (CONT). Although previous reports indicate the contribution of tillage to weed suppression, the effect of one-time preparatory tillage in a DSR system could vary depending on the dominant weeds in the system, vertical seed distribution and the weed seed dynamics. A study was conducted to test the efficacy of ZT and CONT and their interaction with herbicide treatments on the weed population dynamics and rice grain yield in 2010 and 2011. Tillage systems did not affect weed emergence, weed biomass, tiller production and crop yield. However, herbicide treatments varied in their efficacy on individual weeds. Hand-weeding treatments and pendimethalin combined with hand weeding did not effectively control Cyperus rotundus L. and Panicum maximum Jacq. (a perennial grass weed with underground parts). The herbicide combination of metsulfuron and chlorimuron was effective in controlling C. rotundus but not grass weeds. This indicates the need for sequential applications of herbicides for grass weed control or integration of hand weeding to achieve broad-spectrum weed control. Apart from hand weeding (three times), treatment with penoxsulam–cyhalofop and pendimethalin followed by (fb) hand weeding resulted in low weed density, high tiller production and grain yield. The study clearly indicates that tillage does not always lead to weed suppression compared with ZT, and herbicides must be chosen based on the dominant weeds in a system. The results of this study are pertinent as herbicide-resistant weeds are rapidly evolving under continuous herbicide selection pressure, which warrants studies on enhancing productivity through low-input, environmentally friendly and sustainable production technology. 相似文献
16.
Richard A. Creager 《Crop Protection》1989,8(6):443-446
Four herbicides, monthly handweeding and a 15 cm deep straw mulch were evaluated for weed control during 1982 to 1987 on rhubarb (Rheum rhabarbarum L. ≡ R. rhaponticum L. ‘Victoria Red’). The straw-mulched plots produced larger plants, provided higher yields and had fewer weeds than all other treatments during the five years of these field trials. Yields in 1987 were 29·42, 17·65 and 13·06 tonnes/hectare for straw, handweeded and herbicide treatments, respectively. Monthly handweeding produced large plants and high yields, but required much more hand labour than mulching, making straw mulch the most cost-effective treatment. The four herbicides evaluated (glyphosate, fluazifop, sethoxydim and propyzamide) provided weed control for up to 1 month and would require reapplication during the growing season. 相似文献
17.
Comparative evaluation of sunflower aqueous extracts and commercially available synthetic herbicides was carried out in field trials. Crude aqueous extract was tested in 80 and 100% concentrations in plots where wheat was grown with Rumex dentatus in a 1:1 mix. In comparison with the synthetic herbicides (Buctril-Super® and Chwastox®) the aqueous extract failed to kill 100% of selected weeds, but the highest tested extract concentration completely overcame weed crop competition by reducing the weed biomass and increasing wheat yield significantly. The trial confirmed the herbicidal potential of sunflower allelochemicals against broad leaf weeds. 相似文献
18.
Eight field experiments with maize (Zea mays L.), sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and soyabean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) were carried out in central Italy in order to evaluate the effects of mechanical and chemical methods (spring-tine harrowing, hoeing, hoeing-ridging, split-hoeing, finger-weeding, herbicides in the row + inter-row hoeing, herbicides broadcast) on weed control, weed seed rain and crop yield. The choice of chemical and mechanical treatments in maize and soyabean compared to sunflower, required to be managed more carefully in order to maximize the weed control reducing yield losses. A global rating of weed control methods, based on their weed control efficacy, was obtained as useful means to assist farmers and technicians to choose the more appropriate weed control method. The combination of herbicides intra-row and hoeing inter-row gave best efficacy (on average 99% of weed control), with a 50% reduction in the chemical load in the environment. Hoeing-ridging gave good results, both inter- and intra-row (on average 93% of weed control); this method was also effective in reducing competitive ability and seed production of uncontrolled weeds. Split-hoeing or finger-weeding showed some limitations giving satisfactory results only when combined. Harrowing gave lowest weed control, although when combined to other mechanical methods, can help achieve a better efficacy. 相似文献
19.
Efficacy of postemergence herbicides tankmixes in aryloxyphenoxypropionate-resistant grain sorghum 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
M. Joy M. Abit Kassim Al-Khatib Brian L. Olson Phillip W. Stahlman Patrick W. Geier Curtis R. Thompson Randall S. Currie Alan J. Schlegel Johnathon D. Holman Kurt A. Hudson Douglas E. Shoup Michael J. Moechnig W. James Grichar Brent W. Bean 《Crop Protection》2011,30(12):1623-1628
The development of aryloxyphenoxypropionate (APP)-resistant grain sorghum could provide additional opportunities for postemergence herbicide grass control in grain sorghum. Field experiments were conducted in Texas (Bushland, and Yoakum), Kansas (Dodge City, Garden City, Hays, Manhattan, Colby, Ottawa, and Tribune), and South Dakota (Highmore) to evaluate the efficacy of quizalofop tank mixes in APP-resistant grain sorghum. Quizalofop was applied alone or in combination with dicamba, 2,4-D, prosulfuron, 2,4-D + metsulfuron methyl, or halosulfuron methyl + dicamba. Herbicides were applied when sorghum was 12–50 cm in height. Overall weed control was greater when quizalofop was applied with other herbicides than when applied alone. At 2 and 4 weeks after treatment (WAT), large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.], giant foxtail (Setaria faberi Herrm.), and green foxtail [Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.] control were greater than 90% when quizalofop was applied alone or in combination with dicamba, halosulfuron methyl + dicamba, or prosulfuron. Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.), puncturevine (Tribulus terrestris L.), and tumble pigweed (Amaranthus albus L.) control were greater than 90% in all treatments except when quizalofop was applied alone. Herbicide treatments, except those that included 2,4-D, caused slight to no sorghum injury. Grain sorghum yield was greater for all herbicide treatments compared to the weedy check. This research showed that application of quizalofop in combination with broadleaf weed herbicides provided excellent weed control in sorghum. 相似文献
20.
不同除草剂单独相继使用和混合使用防除小麦田虉草的效果比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
草是小麦田的主要杂草 ,尤其是水稻—小麦复种田块发生较为严重。用异丙隆防除 草已有 2 0多年的历史 ,防治效果十分显著。但近来有研究表明 草已具有对异丙隆的抗性。本试验研究了不同除草剂单独相继使用与混合使用对该杂草的防治效果。结果表明 ,播后 60 d,出苗前喷施氟乐灵和第一次灌水后喷施异丙隆的处理 ,除草效果最佳 ,而在成熟期 ,第一次灌水后喷施噻黄隆的处理具有与以上处理同样的防治效果。虽然使用异丙隆的处理产量最高 ,但一些除草剂单独相继使用也具有很好的杂草防治效果 ,小麦产量显著高于未用除草剂的对照。作者认为 ,在 草防治上存在有异丙隆抗性的地区 ,可以使用本研究中的一些除草剂 相似文献