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1.
Twelve-year-old Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi [Lamb.]Carr.) trees of 20 different progenies and/or provenances were sampled at one site in the Mauricie region of Quebec. Two standard samples were obtained at breast height and closer to the bark from each tree. Partial and total radial, tangential, and volumetric shrinkages, and tangential/radial (T/R) shrinkage ratios were assessed. All of these variables were significantly affected by the progeny/provenance. Drying defects are one of the main reasons for downgrading larch lumber; thus, T/R shrinkage ratio was considered for the selection of progenies/provenances for lumber production purposes. Lowest partial and total T/R shrinkage ratios were obtained with progenies/provenances 8964, 8904, 8962, 8957, 8907, 8927, 7283, and 7795. Among them, lowest partial and total tangential, radial, and volumetric shrinkages were found in progenies/provenances 8964, 8962, and 8907 as well. Other physico-chemical (mechanical properties, density, extractive content) and silvicultural (growth rate) attributes should also be taken into consideration for an adequate selection of progenies/provenances according to the specific final utilization.  相似文献   

2.
We present management tools for growing four valuable broadleaved tree species, indigenous to subtropi.cal southern China. Crown diameter （CD） of the species studied can be predicted very well by using a model that is so e y a near funct on of d ameter at breast he ght （DBH）. The add t on of tree age （AGE） and yield class （YC） to this-nodel did not significantly improve its predictive capacity. We used species-specific crown diameter models to calcu- ate the amount of growing space and subsequently stand density that each species needs to achieve desired stem ＂adial growth rates. Furthermore we used this information to calculate a ＂distance factor＂, a rule of thumb that roughly ~stimates the distance between two neighboring trees needed to achieve a desired future target diameter. These tools ＇acilitate the planning of thinning regimes by using crown diameter models combined with annual radial growth rates to ;alculate the number of crop trees per hectare required to reach a desired target stem diameter.  相似文献   

3.
幼年赤桉胸径与冠幅、树高、材积的相关性分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
对试验地的1470株赤桉进行树高、胸径、冠幅的测量,并计算出样木的单株材积。把胸径分别和冠幅、树高及株材积进行相关性分析并且建立数学模型,用SPSS软件对所选模型进行曲线估计。结果表明：其中幂方程的 R2最大,F 值亦为最大,说明赤桉胸径与树高的幂关系显著,可确定赤桉胸径与树高的最优回归方程为H=1.804D0.673。胸径—冠幅,胸径—材积的最优模型分别为CW=0.674D0.561,V=0.0001614D2.341。分别对3组最优模型进行适应性检验,结果表明：材积的3个最优回归模型预测误差均在＆#177;3%以内,方程预测精度较高,可用于估算立木树高、冠幅、材积。  相似文献   

4.
榆林市榆阳区杨树地径、胸径、树高、材积相关性研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
通过对60株榆林市榆阳区内生长的合作杨(Populus simonii×P.pyramidalis cv.‘Opera8177)’生长情况的调查,结果表明:随着树木生长加粗,胸径、地径基本同步增粗,胸径/地径比值变化很小,数值是0.84倍左右,其范围在0.82～0.86;树高的生长量随树木的生长加粗呈现放缓的规律,随着树木生长加粗,树高/地径比值逐渐变小,地径8 cm时,树高/地径比值是58.92倍,地径48 cm时,树高/地径比值是33.38倍。  相似文献   

5.

Eight clones of poplar were used to compare the growth and productivity of monoclonal and polyclonal mixed plantations in short-rotation coppice. At the end of the eighth growing season, the diameter at breast height (DBH) and height of trees were measured and dry weight and yield were estimated. Polyclonal mixtures did not affect mortality. Few differences in growth were observed between clones in monoclonal plots. Polyclonal mixture slightly affected the growth and tree size of the clones compared with monoclonal plots. No increase in stand heterogeneity in relation to clone deployment was observed. A neighbourhood index was calculated for each tree and was significantly affected by polyclonal mixture. However, the relationship between the neighbourhood index and the DBH indicated that this effect did not cause a great change in DBH. Consequently, dry weight and yield productivity were not affected by clone deployment.  相似文献   

6.
The laurel (Laurus nobilis L.) is a common species in southern Europe, but the properties of its wood are not well described in the literature and from that perspective any novel information is valuable. Because of that, a group of laurels was felled for the analysis of wood properties on small defect-free specimens (17 trees and 1250 valid specimens). The sampled wood was moderately heavy and unstable. The following mean values were obtained (density at 12% moisture content 699 kg m?3; basic density 566 kg m?3; total volumetric shrinkage 18.0%; volumetric shrinkage coefficient 0.59%). Highly significant inter-tree and intra-tree variation was observed for most of the properties considered. The inter-tree variation was attributed to tree dimensions, being remarkable that volumetric, radial and tangential shrinkage coefficients were significantly related to breast height diameter and slenderness. The trends of these variables suggest that in trees older than those used in the study (24–41 years old) the dimensional stability would increase. As regards the inter-tree variation, a low but highly significant decrease was found for density at highest positions in the tree. Volumetric and linear shrinkage diminish very significantly along the stem. Due to the uniformity of density and the increment of wood dimensional stability along the trunk, the harvesting of the full stem is advisable.  相似文献   

7.
塞罕坝林区低密度经营对华北落叶松林分生长的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
为了给坝上塞罕坝林区低密度经营提供依据,以华北落叶松人工林为研究对象,对不同林分密度条件下(150株/hm~2、225株/hm~2、300株/hm~2和375株/hm~2)华北落叶松林分的生长情况进行分析,研究低密度经营对华北落叶松生长的影响,提出培育华北落叶松大径级用材林的技术体系。结果表明:林分密度对胸径、树高和单株材积总生长量、平均生长量、连年生长量都有一定程度的影响,影响程度按照胸径、单株材积、树高顺序递减;林分密度过大或过小均影响华北落叶松林分的生长,林分密度控制在225~300株/hm~2时,华北落叶松胸径、树高和单株材积总生长量、平均生长量、连年生长量最大。  相似文献   

8.
巨尾桉人工林地径与胸径、树高相关模型的研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  
根据巨尾桉人工林样木的地径D0、胸径D及树高H观测数据,采用多模型选优法和逐步回归法求解方程,经分析对比后分别建立了地径与胸径、地径与树高相关的2个数学模型:lnD=3.7275-18.6673/D0;H=32.0925-244.050 3/D0。应用这2个模型,配合一元材积表或二元材积表就可测定被伐木的材积。  相似文献   

9.
Knot properties have a profound influence on the suitability of wood for many wood products leading to significant value differences between different quality grades. It would therefore be rather advantageous to maximise the volume of good quality timber attained from the logs. The objective of this study was to assess how well A-quality lumber of Scots pine derived from log tomography features can be predicted with characteristics measured prior to or concurrently with the logging operation. The study is based on field experiments and X-ray scanning of 204 stems from southern Finland in 2014. We employed mixed logistic regression techniques to model the relationship between the main stem characteristics and probability of A-quality lumber. From the tree characteristics that can be measured or detected from standing trees, the height from the ground level to the lowest dead branch was found to be the best predictor of A-quality lumber. From the characteristics that could, at least in theory, be detected and measured at the moment of harvest, early growth rate and size of tree were found to be the best combination for predicting the probability of A-class quality.  相似文献   

10.
对浙江省杉木Cunninghamia lanceolata主要分布区51个不同发育阶段杉木人工林典型样地调查,分析不同优势木高杉木人工林的径级结构,并利用126株优势木数据,建立杉木人工林优势木的胸径、树高、冠幅之间关系,得出胸径与树高相关关系的最佳回归方程为:Y=0.361 8X+4.497 9,模型的拟合度R^2=0.796 5(X表示胸径,Y表示树高);胸径和冠幅的相关关系的最佳回归方程为:Y=0.137 9X+0.858 9,模型的拟合度R^2=0.881 6(X表示胸径,Y表示冠幅)。通过对3株50年生杉木人工林大径级林分优势木的树干解析,研究大径级杉木人工林优势木的胸径、树高与材积的生长规律,结果显示生长率都呈现逐年降低趋势,树高较为明显。树高、胸径、材积生长率最大值出现在10年生时分别为5.278 7%,15.069%,25.895%;而50年生时仅为0.273 3%,0.186 9%,0.921 7%。研究提出杉木人工林目标树经营的发育阶段划分、合理密度、目标树数量等关键经营技术参数,为杉木人工林的目标树经营提供理论依据。  相似文献   

11.
在普文林场内选择具有代表性的山桂花人工林,应用标准木树干解析法,对14年生山桂花人工林开展生长过程研究,结果表明:14年生山桂花人工林平均胸径14.10 cm,平均树高16.40 m,密度1 140株/hm2,林分蓄积量达144.78 m3/hm2。林木胸径生长分化在2～3年即开始,5年生以后差别更加增大,树高生长的分化在14年生时仍不明显,表现出速生特性,林分密度调整可从5年生时开始。林中优势木树高比平均木高5.25 m,胸径比平均木大6.70 cm,单株材积为平均木的3.10倍,说明山桂花优树选择有较高的增益。胸径与材积回归曲线方程为V=0.116 439-0.020 579 D+0.001 449D2,树高与材积回归曲线方程为V=2.342 4-0.290 614 H+0.009 286H2。  相似文献   

12.
广西大青山柚木人工林生长过程研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文
[目的]研究柚木人工林生长过程及其与气象因子的相关性,为柚木抚育经营提供理论依据。[方法]以优良、中等和差3种生长类型的30余年生柚木人工林为对象,基于样地调查,选取优势木、平均木、被压木进行树干解析,对比分析其生长过程,应用灰色关联分析法揭示气象因子对柚木生长的影响。[结果]表明:3种生长类型林分柚木胸径、树高和材积生长过程基本一致,各分级木的生长过程亦相似,其胸径平均和连年生长量随年龄的增大呈先增加后逐渐降低的趋势,树高生长整体上呈下降趋势,材积生长则呈递增趋势。各优良林分的林木及各类型林分的优势木,其胸径、材积平均和连年生长量较大,速生期持续时间长,生长衰减慢,而其树高生长量的优势相对不明显;30余年生时柚木尚未达数量成熟龄。各类型林分间柚木生长与气象因子关系的差异仅体现在胸径,优良林分胸径连年生长量主要受极端低温影响,而中等和差林分则与年均降水量相关性最大;各分级木间柚木生长与气象因子的关系无明显差异;影响树高和材积连年生长量的最主要气象因子分别为年均降水量和年均气温。[结论]柚木各生长类型及分级木的生长过程整体趋势基本一致,其差异主要体现在生长量大小和快速生长期长短。约30年生柚木人工林仍未达到数量成熟,后期抚育经营对于其优质大径材高效培育仍不可忽视。  相似文献   

13.
【目的】探索无性系、株行距及两者交互作用对杨树人工林的林木生长和树冠结构的影响。【方法】采用双因素随机试验设计,通过调查36块13年生杨树样地胸径、树高、活枝下高和冠幅等指标,以综合指数法构建3个林分综合指数(生长指数、冠形指数、干冠协调指数)。【结果】南林95杨和南林895杨的胸径、树高和生长指数显著高于南林797杨(P <0.05)。南林797杨的冠幅、树冠体积和树冠圆满度显著高于南林895杨,与南林95杨差异不显著(P> 0.05)。株行距为6 m×6 m和4.5 m×8 m的林分胸径、冠形指数和生长指数均显著高于5 m×5 m和3 m×8 m林分,不同密度林分对树高影响不显著(P> 0.05)。在相同密度条件下,正方形和长方形配置对东西和南北冠幅有显著影响,较大株行距促进树冠生长,但对胸径、树高和平均冠幅等影响不显著(P> 0.05)。无性系和株行距对冠长、活冠比、树冠表面积和干冠协调指数影响均不显著,且无性系和株行距对林木生长和树冠结构均无显著交互作用(P> 0.05)。【结论】杨树无性系对林木胸径、树高和树冠结构的影响大于株行距。综合考虑林木生长和树冠结构等两个方面,在类似的立地条件上,相比于其它无性系和配置方式,以南林95杨在种植株行距为6 m×6 m(278株/hm^2)时具有培育大胸径林木的潜力,适于培育速生、优质大径材。  相似文献   

14.
The ring characteristics and screw withdrawal resistance (SWR) of naturally regenerated Taiwan yellow cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa var. formosana) trees were explored. Significant differences in average ring width (RW), earlywood width, latewood width, ring density (RD), earlywood density (ED), latewood density (LD), highest density (Dmax), lowest density (Dmin), latewood percentage (LWP), and SWR were observed between trees, rings (SWR excluded), and tree height positions. The RW components in the radial direction increased from the pith outward to about the 3rd to 5th ring and then decreased to about the 25th ring; it was almost constantly sustained toward the bark side. The RD in the radial direction slowly decreased from the pith outward to the bark side. Average ring width and ring density were significantly affected by the various tree growth rates, radial ring numbers, and tree height positions. ED, LD, Dmax, Dmin, and LWP were the most important factors determining the overall RD. RW did not correlate with tree RD. SWR is correlated with ED, RD, Dmin, LWP, and intra-ring density variation (IDV). Thus, the SWR can be used to predict wood density and in nondestructive evaluation of a living tree.  相似文献   

15.
The effect of the number of Pinus sylvestris trees in seed spots on the growth and external quality of the dominant trees was studied. The trees were monitored during the period between release cutting and the first commercial thinning. The treatments were one, two and four of the tallest seedlings retained per seed spot, and a control. The mean height of the dominant trees was highest in the one‐tree and two‐tree treatments. Diameter at breast height (DBH) increased with increasing spacing. On average, the stump diameter was 1.5–4.7 cm greater in the one‐tree treatment than in the control. Slenderness (height/DBH) was highest in the control treatments. The average living crown limit of the dominant trees was 4.6 m, and was at its highest in the two‐tree treatment. The results indicate that the competition in seed spots decreases the height growth of the dominant trees.  相似文献   

16.
邓恩桉优树的选择标准   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
以1988、1991年种植在广西柳州、桂林两地的邓恩桉为选优林分对象,用5株优势木对比法进行选优,同时研究了优树的入选标准.通过对50株候选优树和250株5株优势木生长量数据、分枝与干形得分值的分析,确定了本次选优的标准为:胸径≥优势木平均胸径1.2倍(或树高≥优势木平均树高1.06倍)、单株材积≥优势木平均单株材积1.44倍、分枝与干形二者综合得分5分以上(含),符合该选优标准的候选优树有26株,入选率为52%.该选优标准适合所研究的林分及与研究林分情况相近的邓恩桉林分的选优.  相似文献   

17.
The aim of this study was to develop and test a new basal area growth model in mixed species continuous cover forests in northern Iran.Weanalyzed 421 core samples from 6 main species in the forest area to develop our growth model.In each plot,we measured variables such as total tree height(m),diameter at breast height(DBH)(cm)and basal area of larger trees as cumulative basal areas of trees(GCUM)ofDBH[5 cm.The empirical data were analyzed using regression analysis.There was a statistically significant nonlinear function between the annual basal area increment,as the dependent variable,and the basal area of the individual trees and competition as explanatory variables.Reference area from the largest trees,was circular plot with area of 0.1 ha.GCUM was estimated for trees of DBH>5 cm.Furthermore,we investigated the dependencies of diameter growth of different species on stand density at different levels of competition,and diameter development of individual trees through time.The results indicate that competition caused by larger neighborhood trees has a negative effect on growth.In addition,the maximum diameter increment is affected by competition level.Therefore,the maximum diameter increment of species occurs when the trees are about 35–40 cm in dense-forest(40 to 0 m^2 per ha)and when the trees are about 60 to 70 cm in very dense forest(60 to 0 m^2 per ha)which is more likely to Caspian natural forests with high level density due to uneven-aged composition of stands.  相似文献   

18.
从木荷(Schima superba)优树树龄结构、选优林分起源和表型性状进行分析.结果表明,由于人为破坏,木荷大龄资源较少,仅有40%的优树处于最佳采种年龄;选优林分起源相对合理,天然林选出的优树株数占比达52.1%,次生林和人工林选出的优树株数分别占24.9%、22.9%;树高、胸径生长性状分析认为五株优势木法选出的木荷优树是合理、有效的,通过比较,在现有资源中选出最优的种质材料,作为遗传改良的基础材料,本批优树胸径与5株优势木平均胸径差异幅度大于20%以上的优树有146株,占比达69.52%;优树胸径年均生长量达速生指标的有173株,占86.43%,而树高生长量达速生指标的优树有175株,占68.05%;从形质性状分析结果显示,优良树干尖削度,即高径比在50以上的优树有114株,占比达61.63%;在冠幅方面,优良冠幅的优树,即冠幅小于等于6 m的有128株,占总株数的53.56%.木荷优树的叶果性状在个体及种源间均呈极显著差异(P<0.01),聚类分析显示木荷优树叶果有4种类型.在以后深入研究中,应对生长量大、尖削度小且为窄冠型优树的研究与利用加以重视.  相似文献   

19.
This study examined the impact of pre-commercial thinning (PCT) on tree growth, product recovery, stand value and financial return in jack pine stands in Northwestern Ontario. Ten sites composed of both control and PCT stands representing various stand densities (2000–6000 trees/ha) and stand ages (26–36 years old) were selected for this study. Three thousand and eighty-two trees were measured for DBH and total height, and were reconstructed in 3-D using a taper equation for jack pine. The reconstructed virtual trees were then “sawn” using the software package Optitek to obtain optimal lumber value recovery, which was then used to determine total product value per tree and financial return. The quadratic mean DBHs of trees from the PCT stands were significantly larger than those from the control stands for all 10 sites. Six of ten PCT stands had significantly taller trees than did the controls of the same sites. With increasing stand density, tree DBH decreased in the control stands while no consistent pattern could be recognized for the DBH of the PCT stands. The increment in average DBH due to PCT increased with increasing thinning intensity. PCT reduced total tree volume per hectare, benefited merchantable stem volume per hectare, and improved the total lumber volume and value recovery per hectare. On average, the PCT stands produced approximately $2760 and $1770/ha (or 19.6 and 16.1%) more product value per hectare for the dimension mill and stud mill, respectively. PCT also significantly reduced logging and lumber conversion costs. Higher total product values and lower total costs resulted in higher benefit/cost (B/C) ratios in the PCT stands than did in the control stands. The increased financial return due to PCT is associated with the magnitude of difference in quadratic mean DBH resulting from PCT. The B/C ratio difference between control and PCT stands increased with increasing thinning intensity. Overall, this study indicates that PCT appears to be an economically viable silvicultural investment for jack pine stands in Northwestern Ontario.  相似文献   

20.
This study attempted to explain the variation in growth of individual trees in a naturally regenerated, even-agedLarix sibirica stand using indices that represented the competitive and cooperative interactions among neighboring trees. These interaction indices and DBH were used in stepwise multiple regression procedures to model the growth of individual trees. However, when the data from all trees were used, DBH was the only factor accepted in the growth model. Since DBH can be influenced by the cumulative effect of past interaction and other environmental factors, we stratified the stand into three height strata and repeated the stepwise procedure for each stratum to remove the cumulative effect represented by DBH. Several competition and/or cooperation indices were accepted in growth models of the lower, middle and upper strata. In each stratum, the residual mean square of the growth model was smaller than that of all strata. These facts suggested that height stratification was generally successful in reducing the cumulative effect of past interaction and other factors. The cooperation indices that suggested protection from wind stress by neighboring trees was a significant variable in the growth models of all three strata. This demonstrated that cooperative interaction should be considered in the explanation of variation in tree growth in dry and windy climates such as the present study region. This study was supported with grants from The Nissan Science Foundation, and from the Heiwa Nakajima Foundation.  相似文献   

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