共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 95 毫秒
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不同基质构建海水水族箱硝化功能建立过程的比较研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
选择陶粒、白砂、菲律宾砂、珊瑚砂、纤维球5种基质(填料)构建海水水族箱,比较研究不同海水水族箱硝化功能的建立过程。结果表明,不同水族箱硝化功能建立过程存在明显差异,其中,以菲律宾砂为基质(填料)的海水水族箱硝化功能建立时间最短,需要20 d,珊瑚砂、白砂、陶粒、纤维球水族箱分别需要31d、34 d、41 d和141 d,无基质(填料)对照组水族箱至实验结束硝化功能仍未建立完成。不同水族箱在氨氧化细菌成熟阶段差别较小,但在亚硝酸盐氧化细菌成熟阶段差异较为明显。 相似文献
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为提高对虾养殖系统水质净化能力,改善对虾养殖水环境,利用3种微生态制剂(枯草芽孢杆菌、硝化细菌、光合细菌)和2种生物膜载体(陶粒、纤维毛球)建立4个南美白对虾(Penaeus vannamei)养殖系统,比较不同养殖系统硝化功能的建立过程及对氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮的净化能力,采用高通量测序方法分析细菌群落结构。结果表明,各系统硝化功能建立后,24 h氨氮去除率较初期分别提高12.47%、13.95%、17.25%和17.65%。以纤维毛球为载体,投加硝化细菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和光合细菌系统的氨氧化能力和亚硝酸盐氧化能力强于陶粒系统,24 h氨氮去除率分别高9.03%和9.06%。投放虾苗后,在30 d养殖周期内,各系统氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮含量分别维持在0.20 mg/L和0.15 mg/L以下,硝酸盐氮含量呈缓慢上升趋势。细菌群落结构分析表明,养殖系统生物膜中优势菌门均为变形菌门,占比超40%;优势菌纲为α-变形菌纲、β-变形菌纲、γ-变形菌纲,系统中存在Nitrosomonas、Nitrospira和Nitrococcus等多种参与水体净化以及Algisphaera、Gemmatimonas和Paucibacter等参与有机质分解与对虾益生作用的类群。本研究可为减少养殖水体废物排放及降低水生环境污染风险提供参考。 相似文献
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本实验模拟工厂化养殖模式建立养殖水体净化装置,研究硝化毛球和底沙对硝化细菌净化效果的影响,结果表明:装载硝化毛球、铺设底沙和只投加硝化细菌制剂的三个实验组对养殖水体水质具有一定的净化效果,氨氮、亚硝氮等指标均低于空白组。其中装载硝化毛球的实验组氨氧化细菌、亚硝酸盐氧化细菌可在短时间大量生长繁殖,形成优势,使养殖池氨氮、亚硝酸盐浓度维持在较低水平;铺设底沙的实验组对硝化细菌净化水质效果影响不大。装载硝化毛球的实验组,水质最清澈,无异味,养殖池底部无残渣碎屑,青虾生长状况良好,增重最多。 相似文献
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采用珊瑚骨作为生物膜载体,利用海水素配制人工海水,构建盐度为15‰(海水)和5‰(淡水)的两个凡纳滨对虾内循环养殖系统,通过添加硝化细菌菌剂和氮源,分别用8 d和13 d建立硝化功能。按照500尾/m~3密度投入虾苗后,海水系统和淡水系统分别运行97 d和83 d。在运行期间淡水和海水系统养殖水体氨氮浓度始终维持在较低水平,平均浓度分别为(0.015±0.008) mg/L和(0.014±0.008) mg/L;在海水系统运行前60 d,亚硝氮浓度维持在较低水平,在60～90 d,亚硝氮浓度呈缓慢上升趋势,在90 d后,海水系统亚硝氮浓度开始快速增加,最终达到3.43 mg/L;淡水系统在运行前40 d亚硝氮浓度维持在较低水平,40 d后开始小幅上升,运行至70 d后,亚硝氮浓度开始快速增加,最终达到0.52 mg/L。最终海水系统和淡水系统凡纳滨对虾存活率分别为51.5%和48.5%。 相似文献
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电气石对硝化菌生长和生物膜形成、熟化的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在培养基中添加电气石培养硝化菌,研究电气石对硝化菌生长的影响,并在此基础上将电气石添加到普通陶粒(CM)原料中制备了功能性陶粒(FCM),通过测定水中氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮和硝酸盐氮的含量变化,比较功能性陶粒和普通陶粒两种载体上生物膜的生长状况。结果表明:添加电气石的培养基中的亚硝化细菌和硝化细菌数量明显高于未添加电气石的对照组;FCM上的生物膜熟化过程对氨氮的去除率在第14 d趋于稳定,硝酸盐氮含量从第12 d逐渐升高,分别比CM早7 d和6 d,能较早发挥生物硝化功能。 相似文献
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硝化细菌对海水水族箱硝化功能建立过程的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
氨和亚硝酸盐对海水观赏鱼具有很强的毒害作用,是海水水族箱的主要去除目标。研究考察投加硝化细菌对海水水族箱硝化功能建立的影响。结果表明,投加硝化细菌制剂可以明显缩短硝化功能建立的时间。投加菌剂的实验组水族箱可在9 d时间将40 mg/L氨氮降低到检测不出,亚硝酸氮在第七天出现峰值(37.4 mg/L),亚硝酸氮在第十五天降低到检测不出。不投加菌剂的对照组将40 mg/L氨氮降低到检测不出需要25 d,亚硝酸氮在第二十五天出现峰值(36.6 mg/L),亚硝酸氮在第四十三天降低到检测不出。即实验组完成硝化功能建立需要15 d,而对照组则需要43 d。投加硝化细菌制剂后,海水水族箱内氨氧化细菌、亚硝酸盐硝化细菌可在短时间内形成优势,使氨氮、亚硝酸氮维持在较低浓度水平,缩短硝化系统建立的时间;在不投加菌剂的情况下,氨氧化细菌虽然可在一定时间内形成优势,使氨氮浓度降低,但由于亚硝酸氧化细菌生长更为缓慢,水族箱中亚硝酸积累问题严重。 相似文献
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利用自制的硝化细菌菌剂促进移动床生物膜反应器(Moving bed biofilm reactor,MBBR)的挂膜启动,分析不同载体氨氮负荷、碳氮比条件下反应器运行状况,并进一步进行了实验室模拟循环水养殖草金鱼实验。结果显示,利用自制硝化菌剂能够完成整个移动床反应器的启动过程,在接种15 d后使循环出水氨氮稳定在1 mg/L以下。单位体积载体氨氮负荷实验表明,MBBR能够在100 mg TAN/(L填料·d)条件下,使出水满足一般水产养殖水质要求(氨氮0.5 mg/L,亚硝氮0.1 mg/L)。进水碳氮比在1以内时MBBR能够稳定高效运行。在实验室模拟循环水养殖过程中,经菌剂强化的MBBR能维持循环出水氨氮低于0.5 mg/L,亚硝氮低于0.05 mg/L。 相似文献
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预培养生物膜法在海水循环水养殖系统中的应用效果 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
为缩短新建海水循环水养殖系统生物过滤器硝化功能构建时间,通过预培养生物膜的方法获得已建立完全硝化功能的2.5 m3过滤材料,将其置于新建系统的生物过滤器中进行硝化细菌接种,系统放养美国红鱼(Sciaenops ocellatusL innaeus)。结果表明:经12 d系统的硝化功能成熟,养殖池氨态氮维持在0.50 mg/L左右,亚硝态氮维持在0.10 mg/L以下,系统运行34 d,硝态氮上升至63.58 mg/L。18~48 d系统稳定运行阶段,养殖池出水口氨态氮平均值0.44 mg/L,进水口氨态氮平均值0.05 mg/L,一次性平均去除率88.64%。系统的日换水量1%。养殖1个月,美国红鱼成活率90.91%,养殖密度达28.65 kg/m3水体。预培养生物膜法有效缩短了海水生物过滤器硝化功能构建的时间,具有操作简单、节约时间、系统运行稳定的特点,将使内陆地区开展海水鱼养殖变为可能。 相似文献
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水族箱中残饵、粪便分解会造成氨的增加,不同水族箱,其氨负荷存在差异。本文比较分析了不同氨负荷条件下,水族箱硝化功能的建立过程。结果表明,氨负荷分别为0.25 mg/L.d,0.5 mg/L.d和1.0mg/L.d条件下,实验组中氨氮浓度达到峰值的时间分别为16 d2、1 d和32 d,峰值分别为2.63 mg/L、5.37mg/L和23.44 mg/L;亚硝酸盐氮浓度达到峰值的时间分别为26 d、30 d和54 d,峰值分别为1.65 mg/L、7.91 mg/L和35.37 mg/L;硝化功能建立所需的时间分别为45 d4、6 d和65 d。氨负荷较低时(0.25 mg/L.d、0.5 mg/L.d),氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮峰值浓度低,硝化功能建立所需的时间短;氨负荷较高时(1.0 mg/L.d)时,氨氮和亚硝氮峰值浓度高,硝化功能建立的时间明显增加。 相似文献
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Degradation of urea,ammonia and nitrite in moving bed biofilters operated at different feed loadings
This study investigated how removal rates of urea, ammonia, and nitrite in laboratory scale moving bed biofilters were affected by long-term feed loading. To generate different loadings, five identical freshwater flow-through systems (100 l/h) with rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were fed increasing fixed rations of a commercial diet. The filtered effluent from each system was lead through a moving bed biofilter installed end-of-pipe. After an acclimatization period of four months, the moving bed biofilters were spiked separately with urea, ammonia and nitrite in batch mode in three successive trials to investigate degradation kinetics. Results showed that urea, in addition to ammonia and nitrite, was degraded although the substrate limited/dependent removal rate of urea (first order kinetic) was lower than that of ammonia and nitrite. Degradation of urea could be described as first order kinetics below 2.5 mg N/l. Degradation of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) and nitrite was substrate independent (zero order kinetic) above 2 mg N/l and subsequently substrate dependent as substrate concentrations in the bulk water declined. The transition zone from zero to first order degradation was elevated with increase in long-term biofilter loading. For ammonia and nitrite, a significant increase in the zero order removal rate constants related to long-term loading were observed up to a long-term feed loading of 207 g/d, corresponding to 69 g feed/m2 filter media/d and an TAN + urea-N concentration of 2.70 mg N/l. Long-term feed loading had no obvious effect on first order removal rate constants of any of the three nitrogenous compounds. Degradation of urea resulted in generation of ammonia demonstrating that urea degradation contributes to the ongoing nitrification activity in aquaculture biofilters. For all three types of spiking (urea, ammonia and nitrite) accumulation of nitrate was observed in the moving bed biofilters, sustaining that nitrification had occurred. 相似文献
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Design and management of conventional fluidized-sand biofilters 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Fluidized-sand beds are an efficient, relatively compact, and cost-competitive technology for removing dissolved wastes from recirculating aquaculture systems, especially in relatively cool or coldwater applications that require maintaining consistently low levels of ammonia and nitrite. This paper describes several types of flow injection mechanisms used in commercial fluidized-sand biofilters and provides criteria for design of flow distribution mechanisms at the bottom of the fluidized bed. This paper also summarizes the most critical aspects of sand selection, as well as methods for calculating or experimentally measuring fluidization velocities and pressure drop for a given filter sand size distribution. Estimates of nitrification rate, ammonia removal efficiency, carbon dioxide production, and oxygen consumption across fluidized-sand biofilters are also provided for various conditions. Fluidized-sand biofilter operational and management practices are also described. 相似文献
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循环海水养殖系统硝化滤器中氨氧化微生物分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究循环水养殖硝化滤器载体上附着生物膜的微生物群落结构可以为提高其处理速率和效率,并为特异性工程菌构建提供依据。采用改良的AFLP方法分析了循环水养殖硝化滤器载体上附着的氨氧化细菌16S rRNA基因和氨单加氧酶amoA基因片段及其系统发育情况。结果表明:分析16S rRNA基因得到的序列片段比分析amoA基因片段得到了更多信息,准确度较高,可作为分析循环水养殖硝化滤器氨氧化菌群组成的有效方法。克隆测序所得序列与网上公布数据比对,可见存在于循环水养殖硝化滤器载体上的氨氧化细菌与Nitrosomonas cryotolerans、Nitrosomonas oligotropha、Nitrosospira tenuis、Nitrosomonas marina相似度达100%,与Nitrosomonas aestuarii相似度为87%。大部分属于亚硝化单胞菌属(Nitrosomonas),仅少数序列属于亚硝化螺菌属(Nitrosospira)。采用16S rRNA基因和amoA片段分析方法得到的附着于封闭循环海水养殖硝化滤器载体上的氨氧化细菌主要为变形菌(Proteobacteria)的β-亚类的亚硝化单胞菌属(Nitrosomonas)和少量的亚硝化螺菌属(Nitrosospira)氨氧化细菌,以及一定数量的γ-亚类氨氧化细菌。 相似文献
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Intensive recirculating aquaculture relies on biofilters to sustain satisfactory water quality in the system. Fluidized bed and immobilized cell technologies were used to remove ammonia from the water and maintain fish health. A high‐rate nitrifying fluidized bed biofilter combined with valveless filter was designed for use in a recirculation aquaculture system (RAS). The suspended solids produced during fish culture could automatically be removed using a valveless filter. Natural porosity with fitting proportion, steady fluidization and expanding rate was chosen as the fluidized carrier. The technology of bacterial separation and cultivation was used. The immobilized Rhodopseudomonas palustris (R. palustris) produced through a biotechnologically embedding medium is suitable for fish and could help prevent diseases. Nitrification was promoted through the selective rearing of nitrobacteria in a fluidized bed biofilter. Water quality was improved using fluidized bed biofilter and immobilized R. palustris in the RAS. In addition, the proposed system was able to reduce costs. Maximum fish load was 45 ± 3 kg m?3 in the closed recirculating water fish culture system, and water use was reduced by 80–90%. The total ammonia nitrogen removal rate of the technology was 80–95%, and nitrite N removal rate was above 80%. 相似文献
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Effects of formaldehyde on nitrification in biofilters of small‐scale recirculating systems 
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下载免费PDF全文 Kim T. Fredricks Aaron R. Cupp Susan M. Schleis Richard A. Erickson Mark P. Gaikowski 《Aquaculture Research》2018,49(9):3207-3217
Florfenicol (Aquaflor®) is the only U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved drug for treating diseased fish reared in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS). Treating diseased fish in RAS is challenging because of the potential to damage nitrifying bacteria in the biofilters. Impaired nitrification can lead to concentrations of ammonia and nitrite that compromise fish welfare. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of a FDA‐approved parasiticide and fungicide, Parasite‐S® (formalin), on biofilter nitrification. Stable biofilters were exposed once to 0, 9.25, 18.5, 37, or 55.5 mg/L formaldehyde. Total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) and nitrite nitrogen were monitored daily before and throughout the study to quantify biofilter function. Formaldehyde concentrations ≥37 mg/L increased TAN and nitrite nitrogen concentrations, and nitrification did not recover to pre‐exposure concentrations up to 8 day postexposure. On the basis of those results, a second trial was conducted. Stable biofilters were exposed once or on four consecutive days to 9.25 or 18.5 mg/L formaldehyde. Biofilters repeatedly exposed to formaldehyde showed signs of impairment and had variable recovery relative to single exposures. Results of this study may help identify formaldehyde concentrations that can be safely applied to RAS when treating diseased fish. 相似文献
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Alessandro Del&#x;Duca Dionia Evangelista Cesar Thiago Archangelo Freato Raíza dos Santos Azevedo Edmo Montes Rodrigues Paulo Csar Abreu 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(9):2537-2544
The aim of this study was to evaluate variability of nitrifying bacterial community in the biofilm and in the water of a recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) in a tilapia farming in order to determine if nitrification process is dependent, or not, of nitrifying bacteria abundance. Biofilm and water samples were collected periodically for 30 days and analysed with the fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) technique, used to quantify ammonia‐oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite‐oxidizing bacteria (NOB). Ammonia presented the peak in the first week, while the nitrite's maximum was recorded in the second week. Nitrate increased steadily, indicating nitrification activity. Total bacterial abundance in biofilm increased continuously, while in water, it did not change significantly. In the biofilm, number of AOB was high at beginning, decreased after few days and increased again following augment of ammonia. Number of NOB also showed an increase in abundance in biofilm following the increment of nitrite and nitrate. In water, AOB and NOB did not show major variability. Relative abundance of nitrifying bacteria represented more than 30% of total bacteria in biofilm at beginning of the experiment. Their contribution decreased to >3% in last days. It indicates that nitrifying bacteria are biofilm colonizers, and that their activity seems to be directly related to the concentration of nitrogen compounds. However, contribution of nitrifying bacteria did not vary much along the time. We may conclude that the biofilm‐nitrifying bacteria plays major role in nitrification process in RAS and that the activity of these organisms is dependent of their abundance in response to the concentration of nitrogen compounds. 相似文献