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1.
To determine the effects of indigestible sugars on the digestibilities of nutrients and utilization of nitrogen (N) in adult male rabbits, 12 rabbits with or without a collar that prevented cecotrophy were fed experimental diets for 8 days, comprising 3 days for adaptation and 5 days for collection of feces and urine. The experimental diets were formulated by adding D‐mannitol or citrus pectin to a commercial diet at 60 g/kg. In the rabbits allowed cecotrophy, mannitol increased the absorption of crude ash but did not significantly alter the digestibilities of crude protein (CP), dry matter and acid‐detergent fiber. By contrast, the digestibility of CP was decreased by pectin. The ratios of retained N to consumed N and absorbed N were elevated by mannitol. In the rabbits prevented from cecotrophy, mannitol had no effect on N retention, but increased the N content of cecotrophs (soft feces) and the ratio of the N content of cecotrophs to consumed N. Pectin did not have any significant influences on N retention and the N content of cecotrophs. These results suggest that D‐mannitol stimulates cecal microbial proliferation, thereby improving N utilization in rabbits.  相似文献   

2.
The effect of D‐mannitol as an indigestible sugar on apparent digestibility of nutrients, nitrogen (N) utilization and growth performance, have been investigated in growing rabbits fed a urea‐containing diet. In experiment 1, 40‐day‐old male rabbits were fed a commercial diet with urea 10 g/kg with added glucose or D‐mannitol 60 g/kg each. Thereafter, in experiment 2 the rabbits aged 55 days were fed a commercial diet with or without urea 10 g/kg. Feed restriction at 55 g/kg0.75/day was carried out in both experiments. Addition of D‐mannitol to the urea‐containing diet decreased urinary N excretion, which consequently increased N retention and ratios of retained N to consumed N or apparently absorbed N. Addition of urea alone to the diet increased daily N intake and urinary N excretion but did not affect N retention. Weight gain and feed efficiency were improved by D‐mannitol feeding, whereas feeding with urea alone did not affect these parameters. Utilization of dietary urea was enhanced in growing rabbits fed the urea‐containing diet with D‐mannitol, resulting in improvement of N retention and growth performance.  相似文献   

3.
A study consisting of two trials was conducted to determine the effects of monensin on the apparent absorption and retention of magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca) and zinc (Zn) and to determine mineral changes in tissue and ruminal fluid. Eight lambs (39 kg) were used in trial 1, and 10 lambs (37 kg) were used in trial 2. Animals were blocked by weight and fed a high concentrate diet with or without 20 mg/kg monensin. Trials began with a dietary adjustment period lasting 18 d in trial 1 and 21 d in trial 2. Animals were then placed in metabolism stalls for a 10-d stall adjustment period followed by a 12-d collection period. Collections to determine mineral balance were made during the first 10 d of the collection period. Blood and ruminal fluid samples were taken on d 11 of the collection period. Lambs were slaughtered on d 12 of the collection period and tissue samples were collected. Monensin supplementation increased (P less than .05) Mg retention 42.0%. Urinary Ca excretion decreased (P less than .05) 60.0% when monensin was fed. Monensin supplementation decreased (P less than .05) liver Ca and bone Ca, 45.5 and 2.9%, respectively. Apparent P digestibility increased (P less than .05) 40.0% and P retention increased (P less than .10) 26.8% due to monensin supplementation. Both apparent absorption and retention of Zn increased (P less than .01) 50.0 and 45.0%, respectively, with monensin supplementation. Ruminal fluid Zn concentrations decreased (P less than .05) 33.0% with the addition of monensin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

4.
The effects of feeding autoclaved commercial SSNIFF (SN) diet and diets containing soya bean (S) and casein (C) to growing conventional (CON) and specified pathogen‐free (SPF) rats were determined. Diets S, C and SN, autoclaved at 121 °C during 20 min (T1), at 134 °C during 10 min (T2) and non‐autoclaved (T0), were fed during four weeks, each to 8 CON males and 8 females of mean initial body weight 56 g, kept individually. Diets S, C and SN, autoclaved at T1, were fed during two months, each to 20 SPF males and 20 females of mean initial body weight 58 g, kept in group of 5 animals per cage. In CON rats, autoclaving did not affect feed intake and weight gain, decreased thyroid and stomach weight, increased caecal tissue and digesta weight, and concentrations of isobutyric, isovaleric and valeric acid in caecal digesta. Among biochemical blood parameters, autoclaving decreased only total protein concentration and aspartate aminotransferase activity. Feeding C diet resulted in lower feed intake and weight gain in CON and SPF males. Diet affected organ weights and the greatest differences were found in rats on SN diet for weights of stomach, caecum and female reproductive organs. Diet affected concentration of all short‐chain fatty acids, pH and weight of caecal digesta, the most important being the greatest butyric acid concentration on SN diet and isoacids on C diet. It is concluded that autoclaving of both soya‐containing and soya‐free diets does not affect negatively animal performance and physiology.  相似文献   

5.
Maternal nutrition during pregnancy and lactation influences offspring development and health. Novel studies have described the effects on next generation obesity‐related features depending on maternal macro‐ and micro‐nutrient perinatal feeding. We hypothesized that the maternal obesogenic diet during pregnancy and lactation programs an obese phenotype, while maternal micronutrient supplementation at these stages could partially prevent these features. Thus, the aim was to assess the influence of a perinatal maternal feeding with an obesogenic diet enriched in fat and sucrose and a micronutrient supplementation during pregnancy and lactation on offspring growth and obese phenotypical features during life course. Female Wistar rats were assigned to four dietary groups during pregnancy and lactation: control, control supplemented with micronutrients (choline, betaine, folic acid and vitamin B12), high‐fat sucrose (HFS) and HFS supplemented. At weaning, the offspring were transferred to a chow diet, and weight and fat mass were measured at weeks 3, 12 and 20. At birth, both male and female offspring from mothers fed the obesogenic diet showed lower body weight (?5 and ?6%, respectively), while only female offspring weight decreased by maternal micronutrient supplementation (?5%). During lactation, maternal HFS diet was associated with increased body weight, while micronutrient supplementation protected against body weight gain. Whole body fat mass content increased at weeks 3, 12 and 20 (from 16 to 65%) due to maternal HFS diet. Maternal micronutrient supplementation decreased offspring fat mass content at week 3 (?8%). Male offspring showed higher adiposity than females at weeks 12 and 20. In conclusion, maternal HFS feeding during pregnancy and lactation was associated with a low offspring weight at birth and obese phenotypical features during adult life in a sex‐ and time‐dependent manner. Furthermore, maternal methyl donor supplementation protected against body weight gain in male offspring during lactation and in female offspring also during juvenile period.  相似文献   

6.
A 60-d trial was conducted to determine effects of Al citrate and citric acid on DM digestibility (DMD) and metabolism of Mg, Ca, P, K, Na and Al. Eighteen crossbred, yearling wether lambs equipped with ruminal cannulas were fed a basal diet containing .12% Mg and 2.87% K (DM basis) and were allotted to three treatments: 1) control, 2) 2,000 ppm Al as Al citrate and 3) citric acid equivalent to the citrate in treatment 2. Treatments were administered in 200 ml of deionized water twice daily in divided doses via ruminal cannula. Balance trials were conducted during d 0 to 5, 6 to 10, 25 to 35 and 50 to 60. Dry matter digestibility decreased (P less than .05) approximately 3 percentage units in lambs receiving Al. Treatment with Al citrate increased (P less than .01) apparent absorption and retention of Al compared to those receiving citric acid alone. Approximately 30% of ingested and infused Al was apparently absorbed. Compared to citric acid, Al citrate treatment lowered apparent absorption and retention of Mg and Ca during d 0 to 5. Apparent Ca absorption and retention again were lowered during d 50 to 60. Urinary Ca was increased (P less than .01) and apparent P absorption (P less than .10) and retention (P less than .05) were decreased by Al citrate during all measurement periods. Apparent absorption of K decreased (P less than .05) slightly in response to Al treatment. Apparent absorption of Na was not influenced by Al treatment. Serum Mg and P decreased and serum Ca increased in response to Al treatment. Results demonstrate negative effects of ingested Al, but not of citric acid, on DMD and metabolism of Mg, Ca, P and K.  相似文献   

7.
As humic acid (HA) substances have antiphlogistic, adsorptive, antitoxic and antimicrobial properties, we studied the possible effects of Farmagülat?r, an organic HA preparation, on the rat performance, nutrient retention, ileal histomorphology and hydroxyproline (HP) content of the ileum in two experiments. In experiment 1, 48 male Wistar albino rats were allotted to three dietary treatments. Each was randomly assigned to four cages, each with four rats. The treatments consisted of a control diet (C) with no addition of Farmagülator Dry or Liquid, a treatment with addition of 2.5 g/kg Farmagülator Dry (FDry) and a control diet containing no FDry, but the rats had 3.5 ml/l Farmagülator Liquid in drinking water (FLiquid). The experiment lasted for 20 days. Changes in live weight were recorded at days 10 and 20 of the experiment. At the end of 20 days, all rats were killed to collect samples of intestinal tissues for the measurements of histological parameters. In experiment 2, 30 rats weaned at 21 days of age were divided into three groups, each with 10 rats, and individually caged in metabolism cages for 10 days. The above three treatments were randomly assigned to rats for 10 days to record body weight and feed intake. During the last 5 days, faecal outputs were collected to determine the dry matter and nitrogen retention. In experiment 1, FDry and FLiquid rats significantly (p<0.05) gained more live weight than the control rats. Improved weight gain with HA preparations was found to be highly associated with a high epithelial surface area as there were significantly (p<0.05) longer villi heights and crypt depths and increased HP contents of ileum in the HA treated rats compared with the control rats. Although the increased weight gain in FLiquid rats did not significantly (p>0.05) differ from the control rats in experiment 2 in contrast to the result in experiment 1, the FDry rats significantly (p < 0.05) gained more weight than the control rats. This was primarily found to be associated with significantly (p<0.05) increased feed intake and nitrogen retention in FDry rats compared with the control rats. It can be concluded that HA preparations, especially FDry, caused increased weight gain in rats as overall of two experiments. The improved weight gain only by FDry preparation was associated with increased ileal epithelial mass, increased feed intake, improved feed : gain ratio and increased nitrogen retention in rats.  相似文献   

8.
Physiological effects of feeding high levels of magnesium to sheep   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
The effects of feeding high levels of Mg to sheep on animal health, nutrient digestibility, metabolism of macro-minerals, blood and tissue mineral concentrations and hematological and histological tissue changes were evaluated. Six lambs were allotted to each of four diets supplemented with MgO to attain .2, .6, 1.2 or 2.4% Mg. Total fecal and urinary collections were made for the initial 20 d and last 10 d of a 50 d study. Diarrhea was noted in lambs fed the two highest Mg levels. Apparent digestibility of DM, ADF and CP decreased linearly (P less than .01) with increasing Mg levels. Dietary Mg levels did not affect (P greater than .05) rectal temperature, respiration rate or pulse rate. Apparent absorption and retention of Mg (g/d) were lowest in lambs fed 2.4% Mg until 15 d on trial, after which values increased linearly (P less than .01) with dietary Mg. Phosphorus absorption and retention decreased linearly (P less than .01) with increasing Mg levels. Increasing dietary Mg resulted in a linear increase (P less than .01) in serum Mg and variable increases (P less than .05) in erythrocyte Mg. Serum Ca was decreased linearly (P less than .05) and quadratically (P less than .05) by added Mg during the d 1 to 30 and 40 to 50 periods, respectively. Serum inorganic P was elevated consistently in lambs fed 2.4% Mg. A linear response to increasing dietary Mg (P less than .05) occurred in the Mg content of liver, kidney, rib bone and femur bone. Dietary Mg did not alter (P greater than .05) other criteria.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

9.
新鲜绵羊粪尿对土壤和植物矿物质元素含量影响的试验于 1998年在贵州高原草地试验站进行。结果表明 ,绵羊新鲜粪尿加入土壤后 ,土壤 K呈波浪型升高。 K又显著影响土壤 Ca、Fe和Mn的浓度及土壤 p H值。土壤 Na水平呈下降趋势。土壤中 Ca含量与土壤可交换性亚硝态氮和硝态氮显著相关。土壤 Mg的变化不如其他元素变化明显。土壤 Cu受 Ca、Fe和亚硝态氮及硝态氮的影响显著。土壤 Zn比试验前有所下降 ,其含量与土壤铵态氮和亚硝态氮呈显著负相关 ,而与土壤Na、Mg和 Cu呈显著正相关。土壤 Fe在整个试验过程中呈上升趋势 ,UDT处理几乎呈直线上升。土壤 Mn的变化和土壤 K有显著正相关 ,还与铵态氮相关极显著 (R=0 .80 51,P<0 .0 1)。绵羊新鲜粪尿使植物体内 Fe、Zn水平降低 ,但促进植物 Mn的含量升高 ,而对植物 Cu水平影响最小。结果还表明 ,植物体内 K含量受土壤 Cu和 Na的抑制 ,同时还与植物吸收 Mg、Na和 Fe发生拮抗作用 ,促进了植物 Ca的吸收。植物吸收 Na与土壤 Na的浓度显著相关 ,但受到植物吸收 K、Ca和 Mn的抑制。植物 Ca水平与降雨及植物体内 Fe水平呈显著负相关 ,而与土壤可交换性铵态氮和植物体内 K、Mg含量呈显著正相关。植物体内 Mg含量受土壤可交换性铵态氮和硝态氮的显著影响 ,但受土壤 Ca的抑制  相似文献   

10.
Four Japanese Black steers (16 months of age) were assigned to a 4 × 4 Latin square design to investigate the effect of graded levels of sweet‐potato condensed distillers solubles (SCDS) in their diets on intake and urinary excretion of minerals. The four diets consisted of 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% (dry matter (DM) basis) SCDS, with SCDS replacing commercial concentrate (CC). Intake of K, Cl, S, P and Mg increased linearly with increasing SCDS content. Urinary pH increased linearly with increasing dietary SCDS content. SCDS feeding increased urinary K concentrations (linear and quadratic effects). Urinary concentrations of Cl increased linearly with increasing SCDS content. In contrast, urinary concentrations of Mg decreased with increasing SCDS content. Feeding of SCDS did not apparently affect urinary NH3,P, Na or Ca concentrations. These results suggest that high SCDS feeding is not a risk for crystallization of minerals leading to the formation of magnesium‐phosphate type calculi: although SCDS contains large amounts of P and Mg, high SCDS feeding decreased the Mg concentration and did not affect the P concentration in urine. Additionally, high SCDS feeding had no apparent effects on plasma concentrations of Na, K, Cl, Ca or inorganic P.  相似文献   

11.
Two experiments were conducted to determine some of the factors that led to hypomagnesemic tetany associated with the feeding of two orchardgrass hays. Sixteen mature Columbia and Suffolk wethers (62 to 72 kg), four of which were fitted with ruminal and abomasal cannulae, were fed one of two tetany-prone orchardgrass hays or a non-tetany-prone bromegrass hay. In Exp. 1, 12 wethers were used in a completely random design metabolism experiment to measure apparent absorption and retention of macrominerals. In Exp. 2, four wethers with ruminal and abomasal cannulae were used in a completely random design experiment to monitor pre-intestinal mineral absorption and ruminal characteristics. This experiment was replicated once, with wethers remaining on their diets for 16 d in each replication. In the metabolism experiment, apparent absorption and retention of Mg as a percentage of intake were lower (P less than .01 and P less than .05) for one tetany-prone orchardgrass hay compared with the other orchardgrass hay. Pre-intestinal absorption of Mg in the cannulated wethers was greater (P less than .01) for the orchardgrass hays than for the bromegrass hay. Pre-intestinal Mg absorption was higher (P less than .01), both in terms of grams per day and a percentage of intake for the orchardgrass hay with the highest Mg content. In the noncannulated wethers, the percentage of water-soluble Mg in the feces was lower (P less than .01) for the tetany-prone hays, indicating that a decrease in Mg solubility in the intestine may have influenced Mg apparent absorption.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

12.
To test whether mineral recommendations for horses are likely to guarantee adequate mineral provision for tapirs (Tapirus spp.), we investigated the apparent absorption (aA) of macro and micro‐minerals in 18 tapirs from five zoological institutions in a total of 24 feeding trials with total faecal collection. Samples of feeds and faeces were analysed for Ca, P, Mg, Na, K, Fe, Cu and Zn. The resulting aA coefficients and the linear relationships of apparently absorbable dietary mineral content to total dietary mineral content (per 100 g dry matter) were compared with data for domestic horses. While there were no apparent differences in the absorption patterns for P, K, Na, Fe, Cu or Zn, the absorption of both Ca and Mg was distinctively higher in tapirs than in horses. Tapirs are browsers that are adapted to a diet of higher Ca content and higher Ca:P ratio than equids, and high absorptive efficiency for Ca might have evolved to ensure that high dietary Ca concentrations do not lead to the binding of dietary P in the intestine, making it unavailable for hindgut microbes. Similar to other hindgut fermenters, in tapirs, absorption coefficients for Ca increased with dietary Ca:P ratio, and urinary Ca:creatinine ratios increased with dietary Ca. Several zoo diets used were deficient in one or more minerals. When compared with faeces of free‐ranging animals, faeces of zoo animals had higher concentrations of most minerals, probably indicating a lesser diluting effect of indigestible fibre in zoo animals.  相似文献   

13.
This study examined the effects of exogenous equinesomatotropin (eST — Equigen) administration on mineral absorption and retention in two-year-old horses in race training. Sixteen Quarter Horse geldings were paired by age (ave.age=794 d), and one horse from each pair was assigned at random to either the eST treatment group or the control. The experiment was conducted over 112 days during which the horses were gentled to ride and trained on a dirt track in a regimen typical for race horses in training. At 28-day intervals, collections of total fecal and urinary output were made to determine effects on Ca, inorganic P, Mg, Cu and Zn mineral balance.Due to marginal and slightly deficient amounts (P<01)of Ca, P, Mg and Zn intake by days 84 and 112, a result of reduced feed intake to maintain a constant body condition in the presence of a decreased workload, mineral balance for the aforementioned minerals was only examined through day 56. In contrast to the previous minerals, Cu intake appeared adequate. Ca, P, Mg, Cu and Zn intake did not differ (P>.05) by treatment. The eST-treated horses increased (P<.05) Ca retention as a percent of Ca absorbed, had greater (P<.05) overall apparent efficiency of P absorption and greater (P<.05) apparent retention of P on day 56 than the control horses. The eST-treated horses had greater (P<.05) apparent Cu absorption on day 56, greater (P<.05) apparent Cu absorption efficiency on days 56 and 84, and there was a trend (P<.1) for the eST-treated horses to retain more Cu on day 56 than the control horses. Finally, the eST-treated horses retained a greater percent (P<.1) of absorbed Zn on day 56.  相似文献   

14.
本试验旨在研究蒸汽压片玉米粉、膨化玉米粉对12月龄伊犁马消化代谢、血浆生化指标及体增重的影响,为蒸汽压片玉米粉、膨化玉米粉在马的饲养实践中的应用提供参考。选取体重相近[(261.95±14.73)kg]、年龄相近(12月龄左右)的伊犁马公马24匹,随机分为3组,每组8匹,分别为对照组、试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组。各组马匹每天每匹饲喂1.5 kg浓缩料和8 kg苜蓿干草,在此基础上对照组、试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组马匹每天每匹再分别饲喂1.5 kg的粉粹玉米粉、蒸汽压片玉米粉、膨化玉米粉,进行26 d的消化代谢试验,其中预试期19 d,正试期7 d。结果表明:试验Ⅱ组的干物质、有机物、粗蛋白质、中性洗涤纤维及酸性洗涤纤维的表观消化率分别比对照组高出4.93%(P0.05)、5.84%(P0.05)、7.10%(P0.05)、14.78%(P0.05)、17.45%(P0.05),而试验Ⅰ组的干物质、有机物、粗蛋白质及中性洗涤纤维的表观消化率与对照组相比均差异不显著(P0.05)。试验Ⅱ组的氮沉积量、氮沉积率显著高于对照组及试验Ⅰ组(P0.05),分别高出81.19%、79.86%及104.78%、97.50%,而对照组、试验Ⅰ组间差异不显著(P0.05);试验Ⅱ组的钙、磷沉积量及沉积率均高于对照组、试验Ⅰ组(P0.05)。试验Ⅱ组血浆中葡萄糖含量分别比对照组及试验Ⅰ组高出10.04%、20.79%(P0.05)。饲喂蒸汽压片玉米粉和膨化玉米粉对12月龄伊犁马的体增重和平均日增重无显著影响(P0.05),但试验Ⅱ组试验期内的体增重、平均日增重分别较对照组高出18.88%、20.37%,分别较试验Ⅰ组高出20.43%、20.37%。因此,饲喂膨化玉米粉可提高12月龄伊犁马对饲粮中营养物质的表观消化率及能量代谢,并促进马的生长;而饲喂蒸汽压片玉米粉对12月龄伊犁马的营养物质代谢、血浆生化指标及体增重均无显著影响。  相似文献   

15.
本试验旨在考察不同硒源及硒水平对大鼠生长性能、血清抗氧化能力及组织硒沉积的影响,并以亚硒酸钠和商品酵母硒(酵母硒B)为参比,对本课题组用糖蜜和尿素为发酵底物研制的酵母硒(酵母硒A)生物学效价进行评定.将硒耗竭2周后的70只8周龄左右Wistar雌性大鼠称重,随机分到10个处理,每个处理7个重复,每个重复1只大鼠,分别饲喂不同处理的饲粮21d.处理1不添加任何形式的硒源,处理2～9在基础饲粮中分别以亚硒酸钠或酵母硒A的形式添加0.1、0.2、0.3和0.4mg/kg硒,处理10以酵母硒B形式添加0.3mg/kg硒.结果表明:1)不同硒源及硒水平对大鼠生长性能、血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和超氧化物歧化酶活性影响不显著(P＞0.05);2)组织硒含量随饲粮硒水平的升高极显著增加(P＜0.01),添加酵母硒A组大鼠组织硒含量显著高于亚硒酸钠组(P＜0.05);3)以亚硒酸钠为参比,血清GSH-Px活性及肝脏、肾脏和肌肉硒含量作为判定指标,酵母硒A的相对生物学效价分别为95.9％、127.5％、114.5％和101.2％;4)添加酵母硒A和酵母硒B对大鼠生长性能、血清抗氧化能力的影响不显著(P＞0.05),但添加酵母硒A组大鼠肾脏硒含量极显著高于酵母硒B组(P＜0.01),而酵母硒B在肌肉中有更多的硒沉积(P＜0.01).结果提示:1)硒源对大鼠组织硒沉积有较大影响,酵母硒相对于亚硒酸钠具有更高的生物学效价,但不同酵母硒之间存在一定的差异;2)饲粮硒水平对大鼠血清抗氧化能力影响较小,以血清GSH-Px活性为衡量标准,0.1mg/kg硒的酵母硒和亚硒酸钠都能满足大鼠的需要,但更高水平的酵母硒可以使大鼠组织中有更多硒的储备.  相似文献   

16.
Neuropeptide W (NPW) is produced in neurons located in hypothalamus, brain stem and antral G cells and its receptors are present in the hypothalamus, in particular in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN). There are two forms of the peptide, designated as neuropeptide W‐23 (NPW23) and neuropeptide W‐30 (NPW30). Neuropeptide W is an endogenous ligand for G‐protein‐coupled receptor, GPR7 and GPR8 receptors (R), which in humans are expressed in the hypothalamus and probably involved in the control of energy homoeostasis and neuroendocrine axes. We conducted this study to investigate the effects of NPW on feeding intake and energy expenditure in Wistar rats. Systemic (icv) injection of both forms of neuropeptide W (NPW23 and NPW30) to ad libitum feeding Wistar rats decreased dark feeding and fasting‐induced feeding. One week of systemic treatment with NPW23 decreased feeding intake and weight gain during the treatment period. On the other hand, systemic treatment with antineuropeptide W antibody increased feeding intake. Moreover, systemic treatment with neuropeptide W‐23 raised body temperature and consequently thermogenesis. These results strongly suggest that neuropeptide W may play an important central role in the feeding intake and energy balance control in mammals.  相似文献   

17.
A 4-week experiment carried out on rats addressed the analysis of physiological properties of model casein diets supplemented with 5% cellulose or different preparations of chicory roots: flour, pulp, high- and low-molecular inulin (IN(HM) and IN(LM) respectively). Of all preparations, only pulp did not induce the hypertrophy of caecum walls or an increase in the bulk of caecal digesta. Chicory preparations lowered caecal pH and ammonia concentration (except IN(LM) preparation), evoked increased hydration of caecal digesta and protein content. The highest concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFA) was observed in rats fed a diet containing chicory pulp and IN(HM), whereas the lowest VFA concentration was reported after the administration of an IN(LM)-containing diet. The VFA pool was the highest in rats receiving a diet supplemented with chicory flour. All preparations examined diminished the coefficient of protein digestibility but not decrease nitrogen retention. The lowest levels of glucose and total cholesterol, at concurrently the highest level of HDL fraction, were recorded in serum of rats fed IN(LM). A distinct increase in intestinal wall and intestinal digesta, as well as the highest production of VFA and the lowest pH of caecal digesta indicate that chicory flour ingested to a semi-synthetic diet had the most profitable effect on the functioning of rat caecum, compared with other chicory products. Compared with the IN(HM), the preparation of IN(LM) increased caecal wall hypertrophy without increasing VFA production, still simultaneously increasing ammonia content and pH of caecal digesta, decreasing the total cholesterol concentration and increasing HDL content in serum.  相似文献   

18.
At calving, many older cows fail to compensate the sudden demand of calcium by an adequate activation of intestinal absorption. This results in a variable degree of hypocalcaemia. Reducing intestinal availability of calcium during the close‐up period can prevent milk fever. Fat‐coated rice bran (FCRB) was investigated for its potential to reduce Ca availability in pre‐calving cows. Fat‐coated rice bran was incubated in situ to estimate ruminal degradation of dry matter and phytic acid. Also, seven dry multiparous dairy cows were used for a feeding trial in three periods of approximately 1 week each: P1: adaptation; P2: feeding of 2 kg of FCRB and P3: withdrawal of FCRB. Feed intake was recorded and daily urine samples were analysed for pH, Ca and creatinine. The bypass fraction of phytic acid (passage rate: 5%/h) was 30%. Fat‐coated rice bran depressed dry matter intake in P2, resulting in a lower Ca intake. In P2 urine pH and calcium excretion were lower. Daily calcium excretion decreased after introduction of FCRB, peaked after withdrawal and dropped 2 days later. Changes in urinary Ca excretion by feeding FCRB indicate that FCRB affected Ca homeostasis in dry multiparous dairy cows.  相似文献   

19.
Sheep were used to determine the effects of dietary supplementation with readily-fermentable carbohydrates on Mg, Ca, K and P utilization. In each of two metabolism trials, 15 mature, crossbred wethers (average weight, 49.2 kg) were allotted to five dietary treatments consisting of 800 g/d of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata, L.) hay alone, or supplemented with 450 g/d of either glucose, sucrose, lactose or starch. Each trial consisted of a 5-d adjustment period, a 10-d preliminary period and a 10-d collection period. Compared with wethers fed hay alone, supplementation with each kind of carbohydrate to the diet decreased (P less than .05) fecal Mg excretion and increased (P less than .05) apparent absorption and retention of Mg. Apparent absorption of the Ca was lower (P less than .05) in wethers fed lactose and tended to be decreased by glucose, sucrose and starch supplementation. Calcium retention was lower (P less than .05) in wethers fed sucrose and lactose, compared with those fed hay alone. All types of supplementary carbohydrates depressed (P less than .05) apparent absorption and urinary excretion of K. Serum Mg and Ca were not affected and serum K was depressed (P less than .05) by carbohydrate supplementation. Ruminal fluid pH was decreased (P less than .05) by glucose and lactose supplementation, and addition of these carbohydrates tended to decrease molar proportions of acetate and increase those of propionate and butyrate, compared with sheep fed hay alone. Sucrose addition decreased (P less than .05) acetate and increased (P less than .05) butyrate molar proportions in the ruminal fluid.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

20.
A growth experiment with 108 lambs (breed German Merino Landsheep) was carried out in order to examine how gender, body weight and feeding intensity affect major element concentrations in tissues and carcass. The lambs (50% male and 50% female) were fattened at three levels of feeding intensity ('high', 'medium' and 'low' by varying daily amounts of concentrate and hay) and slaughtered at different final body weights (30, 45 or 55 kg). Six male and six female animals were killed at a final body weight of 18 kg representing the live weight at the beginning of the comparative slaughter experiment. The left half carcass of each animal was divided into muscle tissue, fat tissue and bones/sinews and analysed for the major elements calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na) and potassium (K). The major element concentrations of all tissues were significantly influenced by the body weight. An influence of gender could be noticed for all elements except Ca in the muscle and fat tissue. In the bone tissue, however, only the elements Na and K were influenced by gender. The feeding intensity had no significant effect on the concentration of major elements in the tissues. In lamb muscle tissue combined from all parts (body weight range 18-45 kg, both sexes) the following concentrations of major elements were analysed: 323 mg K, 185 mg P, 61.7 Na, 20.2 mg Mg and 10.6 mg Ca (per 100 g meat, wet weight basis). In conclusion, the genotype investigated shows on the whole concentrations of major elements which are close to values reported for lambs in the literature.  相似文献   

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