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1.
为了解部分品种家禽的屠宰及产肉性能,为未来家禽育种提供依据,本试验对孔雀、贵妃鸡、乌鸡、麻鸡4种不同品种家禽进行了屠宰性能测定。结果显示:麻鸡、贵妃鸡、乌鸡、孔雀的屠宰率分别为:92.51%、90.66%、88.44%和81.54%。半净膛率各组间差异均不显著(P0.05);全净膛率只有麻鸡与其它品种差异显著(P0.05),其它组间差异不显著(P0.05)。胸肌率分别为孔雀24.61%、贵妃鸡18.72%、乌鸡16.34%、麻鸡16.38%,孔雀胸肌率最高,分别高于乌鸡33.60%(P0.01)、麻鸡33.44%(P0.01)、贵妃鸡23.93%(P0.05);腿肌率从高到低分别为贵妃鸡24.10%、孔雀23.71%、麻鸡19.35%、乌鸡18.50%,贵妃鸡的分别高于乌鸡23.245%(P0.05)、麻鸡19.71%(P0.05)、孔雀1.32%(P0.05);麻鸡的腹脂率7.63%最高,与孔雀、贵妃鸡差异极显著(P0.01)。结果表明,各家禽品种屠宰性能不同,家禽品种选育应根据不同的市场需求选择育种素材。  相似文献   

2.
本研究以优质鸡S3、W、S09、F及B系为素材组成3组三元杂交组合:B♂×(W♂×S09♀)♀(简称B×WS09)、F♂×(S3♂×S09♀)♀(简称F×S3S09)、S09♂×(W♂×B♀)♀(简称S09×WB),分别于12周龄时每组随机抽取40只(公母各半)进行体重及屠宰性能测定,并对测定的8个指标进行主成分分析。结果表明:体重与屠体重呈极显著正相关(P0.01),而与半净膛率呈显著正相关(P0.05),全净膛率与半净膛率呈显著正相关(P0.05);8个体重和屠宰性能指标综合成了4个复合指标,累计贡献率达到86.1688%,其中第l、2、3、4主成分分别解释总变异的38.5213%、24.6824%、13.4016%和9.5535%;三元杂交组合F×S3S09组的体重、屠体重、屠宰率、胸肌率、腿肌率及腹脂率显著高于B×WS09和S09×WB组(P0.05),其中体重分别比B×WS09和S09×WB组高9.8%和5.2%,腹脂率分别高了45.65%和19.64%。综合评估筛选出F×S3S09组,本研究为品系间杂交配套提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

3.
不同品种、饲养周期肉鸡肉品质和风味的比较分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
本试验旨在比较不同品种肉鸡在体重、常规肉品质及肌间脂肪、氨基酸和脂肪酸含量的差异,以期为肉鸡肉品质评价指标的建立提供参考。分别选取同日龄、同饲养条件下的快大型鸡(隐性白羽肉鸡、安卡鸡)和地方品种鸡(文昌鸡、北京油鸡、清远麻鸡)作为研究素材,选取接近平均体重的9周龄快大型鸡和17周龄地方品种鸡各60只,称重、屠宰,用于不同品种胸肌常规肉品质及肌间脂肪、氨基酸和脂肪酸含量的测定;另选取9和17周龄的隐性白羽肉鸡各60只称重、屠宰,用于不同饲养周期胸肌常规肉品质及肌间脂肪、氨基酸和脂肪酸含量的测定。结果表明:1)不同品种出栏时期比较,安卡鸡的体重显著高于其他品种(P0.05),北京油鸡的胸肌失水率显著低于其他品种(P0.05),文昌鸡、清远麻鸡的胸肌剪切力显著低于安卡鸡、北京油鸡(P0.05),安卡鸡的胸肌肉色显著高于其他品种(P0.05),北京油鸡的胸肌pH显著高于其他品种(P0.05),文昌鸡的胸肌肌间脂肪含量显著高于其他品种(P0.05)。清远麻鸡的胸肌必需氨基酸、非必需氨基酸、鲜味氨基酸、甜味氨基酸、总氨基酸含量均显著高于其他品种(P0.05),隐性白羽肉鸡、安卡鸡的胸肌饱和脂肪酸含量显著高于其他品种(P0.05),隐性白羽肉鸡、北京油鸡的胸肌必需脂肪酸含量显著高于其他品种(P0.05),隐性白羽肉鸡的胸肌不饱和脂肪酸含量最高。2)不同饲养周期比较,隐性白羽肉鸡9周龄胸肌的失水率及非必需氨基酸、鲜味氨基酸、饱和脂肪酸、必需脂肪酸含量显著高于17周龄(P0.05),体重、胸肌pH、胸肌肌间脂肪含量显著低于17周龄(P0.05)。由此可知,不同品种肉鸡的肉品质、风味物质含量差异较大,不能用单一的指标进行衡量。从肉品质的营养角度分析,9周龄出栏的快大型肉鸡优于17周龄。  相似文献   

4.
为了选出适合北方寒区的白羽半番鸭组合,试验采用番鸭、北京鸭分别做父本,与本地白色家鸭杂交生产番本组合二元白羽半番鸭(番鸭♂×本地白家鸭♀)和番北本组合三元白羽半番鸭[北京鸭♂×本地白家鸭♀)♀×番鸭♂],比较屠宰性能与肉质性状。结果表明:番北本组合半番鸭的屠宰率、半净膛率、全净膛率及腹脂肪率均与番本组合相比差异显著(P0.05),胸肌率、腿肌率及瘦肉率与番本组合相比差异不显著(P0.05),且番北本组合半番鸭在9周龄屠宰比较适宜。番北本组合半番鸭胸肌、腿肌的肉质性状(p H值、滴水损失、熟肉率)及营养成分(水分、蛋白质及粗脂肪含量)与番本组合相比差异不显著(P0.05),但均有增加的趋势,且腿肌好于胸肌。  相似文献   

5.
为了探讨重庆秀山鸡放牧饲养生产性能和经济效益,及其与肉用型青脚麻鸡的差异,试验选择1日龄秀山鸡和青脚麻鸡各200只(公母各半),60日龄采用林下放牧方式进行饲养。150日龄时每组随机选取40只鸡(公母各半)进行屠宰,取肉样,测定其生长、屠宰、肉质等指标,并通过各组总增重、饲料采食量和死亡率等分析其经济效益。结果表明:青脚麻鸡的生长速度较快,且60,90,120日龄各阶段体重极显著高于秀山鸡(P0.01),150日龄体重显著高于秀山鸡(P0.05);青脚麻鸡在整个试验期的平均日增重和总增重显著高于秀山鸡(P0.05),但死亡数和死亡率青脚麻鸡高于秀山鸡;秀山鸡公鸡活重极显著低于青脚麻鸡公鸡(P0.01),母鸡活重二者之间差异不显著(P0.05);屠宰率、半净膛率、全净膛率和胸肌率在群体间和性别间均差异不显著(P0.05),但青脚麻鸡略高于秀山鸡;秀山鸡胸肌肌苷酸含量极显著高于青脚麻鸡(P0.01);青脚麻鸡公鸡胸肌肌内脂肪含量极显著高于秀山鸡(P0.01),母鸡显著高于秀山鸡(P0.05)。说明通过2品种的综合经济效益分析,养殖秀山鸡的经济效益明显高于青脚麻鸡。  相似文献   

6.
为了探讨清远麻鸡和杏花鸡屠宰性能的差异,本试验测定了20周龄清远麻鸡和杏花鸡的屠宰性能指标,对各指标进行了统计分析,结果表明:清远麻鸡和杏花鸡的活重、腿肌率和胸肌率差异显著(P<0.05),屠体重、屠宰率、半净膛率、全净膛率、腿肌重和胸肌重差异均不显著(P>0.05).  相似文献   

7.
本实验旨在分析黑羽和白羽沐川乌骨黑鸡肤色性状及屠宰性能差异。选用100只黑羽和30只白羽沐川乌骨黑鸡成年母鸡,运用比色仪对比分析了不同羽色对沐川乌骨黑鸡背部肤色、翅下肤色、鸡冠色、胫色的影响,选取白羽和黑羽各10只鸡测定并分析屠宰性能和黑色素(皮肤和胸肌)沉积能力的差异。结果表明:黑羽鸡背部肤色和翅下肤色的L值均极显著低于白羽鸡(P0.01);黑羽鸡胫色的L值、a值和b值与白羽鸡无显著差异(P0.05);黑羽和白羽乌骨鸡的活体重和屠宰性能(全净膛率、胸肌率、腿肌率和腹脂率)无显著差异(P0.05);黑羽鸡皮肤和胸肌中黑色素沉积量显著高于白羽鸡(P0.05)。以上结果表明,黑羽沐川乌骨鸡肤色显著较白羽鸡"乌",黑羽乌骨鸡机体黑色素沉积能力较白羽鸡强。  相似文献   

8.
试验对清远麻鸡2个专门化快羽品系与1个慢羽品系进行配合力测定,选取快慢羽不同配套组合的后代母鸡分为四组,测定其115日龄的生长发育及肉用性能指标。结果显示:四个组合冠高都明显超过2.30 cm,胫长小于7.00 cm,胫围小于3.70 cm,屠宰率大于88%,全净膛率大于67%,符合品种特点。其中:1组快羽1号公鸡×慢羽母鸡(K1♂M♀)配套组合,均重为1 574.67 g,冠高2.86 cm,胫围3.58 cm,胫长6.70 cm,屠宰率为90.07%,全净膛率为69.27%,适合市场需求,且可自别雌雄。综合各项指标分析得出,1组快羽1号公鸡×慢羽母鸡(K1♂M♀)配套组合杂交配合效果最优。  相似文献   

9.
本试验以豫粉1号蛋鸡祖代D系(青胫矮脚黄麻羽)为母本,S1系(青胫快大黄麻羽)、Y系(广西瑶鸡,青胫)、H2系(青胫快大黄麻羽)为父本,配套组成S_1♂×D♀(S_1D)、Y♂×D♀(YD)、H_2♂×D♀(H_2D)3个配套组合,每个配套组合随机选取公、母鸡各100只,在相同环境下饲养至14周屠宰,测定体型外貌、生产性能、胴体性状及肉品质。结果表明:3个配套组合的公、母鸡基本符合青胫黄羽肉鸡的外貌特征要求;S_1D公、母鸡在饲养期各个阶段的体重均极显著大于YD和H_2D(P0.01);3个配套组合公、母鸡产肉率均为S_1DH_2DYD,其中S_1D母鸡在脂肪含量、屠体重、半净膛重、全净膛重、胸肌重、腿肌重、肌间脂带宽和皮下脂肪厚显著或极显著大于H_2D(P0.05或P0.01),S_1D公鸡在屠体重、半净膛重、全净膛重、胸肌重、腿肌重、腹脂重显著或极显著大于YD(P0.05或P0.01);S_1D的公、母鸡滴水损失和干物质均最小,S_1D母鸡胸肌的肌内脂肪含量极显著高于H_2D(P0.01),S_1D公鸡胸肌的pH_(24h)显著大于H_2D(P0.05),S_1D公鸡腿肌的pH_(45min)显著大于H_2D和YD(P0.05)。综合可知,以D系作为优质肉鸡母本时,S_1系为最佳父本。该配套组合在一定程度上能够满足消费者对外貌和生长性能的要求,适宜于目标市场。  相似文献   

10.
北京油鸡与贵妃鸡杂交效果研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
本研究以北京油鸡和贵妃鸡为素材,比较北京油鸡♂×北京油鸡♀(YY)、贵妃鸡♂×贵妃鸡♀(GG)、北京油鸡♂×贵妃鸡♀(YG)、贵妃鸡♂×北京油鸡♀(GY)4种组合的外貌、体重、屠宰性能和肉质性状.结果表明:杂交后代凤头、胡须、毛腿、双五趾个体比例分别是99.4％、88.1％、95.2％和72.0％;6～20周体重显著高于贵妃鸡(P＜0.01),16周屠宰率、半净膛率、全净膛率和胸肌率高于北京油鸡(P＜0.01).以北京油鸡为母本的杂交组,同周龄体重有高于北京油鸡为父本杂交组的趋势,且屠宰率和胸肌率较高(P＜0.05),为最佳组合.  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
Tropical Animal Health and Production -  相似文献   

14.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

15.
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.  相似文献   

16.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

17.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

18.
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.  相似文献   

19.
<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.  相似文献   

20.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

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