首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 328 毫秒
1.
This study was conducted in eastern Virginia on a Sassafras fine sandy loam soil to determine whether fertilizer for Irish potatoes could be broadcast before planting instead of band-placed at planting. Band placement is considered the most efficient method; however, use of the broadcast method involves less labor and speeds up the planting process. Two rates of fertilizer were used, 100 and 150 pounds per acre (112 and 169 Kg/Ha) of N, P2O5 and K2O (43.7 and 65.6 pounds of P and 84.0 and 124.5 pounds of K) in a commercial material. The two rates were applied broadcast after plowing and disced in, on the rye cover before plowing, on the rye cover in January and band-placed at planting. Pungo and Superior varieties were compared, and responses varied from year to year and between varieties. The yields of Pungo potatoes were not significantly influenced by the two fertilizer rates or methods and time of application. Thus, for the Pungo variety, 100 pounds per acre (112 Kg/Ha) each of N, P2O5 (43.7 pounds P) and K2O (83 pounds K) were adequate, either broadcast or band-placed. The Superior variety was less tolerant of adverse growing conditions than the Pungo and when stunted produced higher yields with band-placed fertilizer. The Superior variety under more optimum conditions (1968) produced higher yields with the broadcast fertilizer application.  相似文献   

2.
Rates of N applied to sandy loam soil with wheat as the preceding years crop was studied as to the influence on tuber yields of potatoes grown for early summer harvest in Southwestern Indiana. Most of the yield response was to the first 75 lbs/acre (84 kg/ha) increment of N which increased the yield of US #1 potatoes 61 cwt/acre in 1967 and 52 cwt/acre in 1968. The total solids were not significantly decreased by the first increment of N applied which was also the N range of rapid yield increase. N fertilization increased the N content of the foliage from 3.0 to 4.0% in 1967 and 3.97 to 5.17 in 1968 and the tubers from 1.36 to 2.96 in 1968. The first 75 lbs N increment was efficiently converted to crude protein, 48% incorporation, but the succeeding increments were poorly converted.  相似文献   

3.
Russet Burbank potatoes grown on Owyhee silt loam were subjected to early-season moisture stress by delaying initiation of furrow irrigation up to seven weeks after planting. A range of water stress treatments from 4 to 7 weeks after planting resulted in reduced plant size, tuber number and total tuber weight per plant 8 1/2 weeks after planting. Early-season water stress resulting from delayed irrigation onset was associated with improved tuber quality at harvest. Plants water stressed before tuber initiation had fewer tubers with dark stem-end fry colors, reduced percentage of US No. 2 potatoes, and increased percentage and size of US No. 1 potatoes. Increasing duration of soil water potential below -60 kPa early in the season was associated with declining total yield in 1985 but not in 1986. To obtain optimum yield and processing quality, the first irrigation should be no sooner than full plant emergence.  相似文献   

4.
Foundation seed potatoes of Katahdin, Kennebec and Pungo varieties were treated with Fusarex dust at three dates during the 1966–67 storage season. In 1967 these treated seed potatoes were planted in uniform tests and compared with untreated and desprouted seed potatoes. Cooperators in Maine, Long Island, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Connecticut planted the seed lots, recorded plant emergence, and obtained yield data. Initial emergence of Fusarex-treated and desprouted seed was delayed when compared with untreated seed except in Pennsylvania where both initial and final emergence of Pungo and Kennebec was improved by Fusarex treatment. Final emergence of January and March Fusarextreated seed of all three varieties was better than that of untreated and desprouted seed in Pennsylvania. At all other locations improvement of plant stand by Fusarex seed treatment was very erratic. The March Fusarex treatments resulted in an average yield equal to the untreated seed. Yield of tubers from chemically treated Katahdin seed was not significantly affected when compared with untreated seed at four of the five locations. November treatment of Kennebec seed with Fusarex adversely affected yields at three of the five locations. In Connecticut all Fusarex seed treatments reduced yields of Kennebec. Pungo seed treated with Fusarex produced yields in most cases that were not statistically higher than that of untreated seed.  相似文献   

5.
Aldicarb applied as Temik 10% or 15% granular at 1.68, 2.24 or 3.36 kg/ha active ingredient (a.i.) in the row at planting reduced the size of populations ofPratylenchus penetrons in experimental plots and commercial fields. Both aldicarb and the soil fumigant, Telone-II, were associated with yield increases of about 40% in Superior and Sebago potatoes in experimental plots in 1978, but there were no significant increases in yield in 1979 and 1980. A comparison was made between areas treated with aldicarb 10% granular at 2.24 kg/ha a.i. or disulfoton 15% granular at 3.36 kg/ha a.i. in 24 commercial fields. Average yields from the combined results of Kennebec, Superior, Sebago, and Russet Burbank cultivars were about 13% higher in the aldicarb treatments. Yields in six fields where aldicarb was applied at 3.36 kg/ha a.i. were not different from yields in adjacent fields treated with the lower rate of aldicarb. Superior potatoes inoculated withP. penetrons, or uninoculated, were grown in pots in the greenhouse in fine sandy loam at moisture levels of 35–55% or 70–100% field capacity. The lower soil moisture level and the nematode treatment reduced tuber weights. The nematode-soil moisture interaction was significant in one of the two experiments.  相似文献   

6.
Influence of irrigation and nitrogen management on potato yield and quality   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
The effects of irrigation, water and nitrogen management on yield and quality of the Russet Burbank cultivar are discussed relevant to developmental stages of growth. Recent research on the interactions of irrigation and nitrogen management on total and U.S. No. 1 yields and specific gravity are presented. Total and U.S. No. 1 yields decline with increasing soil moisture stress. Yield of U.S. No. 1 potatoes is particularly sensitive to short periods of irrigation deficit during tuber initiation. Total yield appears most sensitive to short periods of irrigation deficit during tuber bulking. Allocation of longer term irrigation deficits during years of limited water supply should be either a) avoided during mid-season tuber bulking, or b) uniformly distributed over the entire tuber bulking growth period. Yield increases with higher total available soil nitrogen under deficit irrigation, but the yield response diminishes as the amount of total seasonal water decreases. The influence of irrigation and nitrogen availability is also discussed for specific gravity and tuber maturity. Seasonal (split) nitrogen management is proposed as a method to improve yield, quality and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency of indeterminant cultivars.  相似文献   

7.
Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods.  相似文献   

8.
A study of air conditioning irrigation on 4 varieties of potatoes was conducted over a 3-year period. Low volume irrigation during midday when the temperature was high was compared with the usual practice of applying 1″ of water at 3 to 4 day intervals when rainfall was inadequate. Air conditioning markedly increased yield in 1966 and 1968 when temperatures averaged near to above normal. This is in contrast to very little response in 1967 when the temperature averaged below normal. Varieties responded differently to air conditioning. Kennebec had the greatest increase in yield, and it also gave the most consistent increase during the 3-year period. The response of Viking, Norgold, and Norland was less consistent. Tubers in the air conditioning treatments had higher total solids than those under usual irrigation. Air conditioning had no visible effect on the incidence of the common foliar disease.  相似文献   

9.
In 1974, potatoes(Solanum tuberosum L.) were grown on unmulched, clear, and black slitted polyethylene. Production and tuber specific gravity of the potatoes were determined at four nitrogen rates (0, 75, 150 and 225 lb/A) and with two varieties (Superior and Katahdin). In 1975, potatoes were grown on unmulched and clear slitted polyethylene with and without trickle irrigation. Nitrogen increased marketable yields up to 150 lb/A on the unmulched potatoes. Irrigation increased the marketable yields of potatoes on both unmulched and mulched plots. However, no advantage was found in marketable yields, specific gravities or tuber sizes of the potatoes grown on either clear or black slitted polyethylene mulch over conventional unmulched soil for the ‘Superior’ or ‘Katahdin’ varieties.  相似文献   

10.
Partial soil sterilization with Picfume, Vapam, Vorlex, Terraclor, Telone and combinations of Telone and Picfume have been included in studies for one or more years between 1960 and 1963. All the chemicals tested except Terraclor resulted in yield increases statistically and economically larger than the yields of potatoes produced on the untreated check plots. Partially sterilizing the soil in the fall resulted in large increases in yield of potatoes the following year. The effect of the partial sterilization of the soil lasted for at least two years. The causes for the increases in yield are not known. “Early dying” disease caused byVerticillium alboatrum was known to be present, but increases in yield also resulted from the use of Telone which is predominantly a nematocide. Pathogenic nema were few in number. A combination of Picfume and Telone, economically feasible in Washington, produced large yield increases over a two-year period and did not produce an off flavor in the potatoes when applied in the fall.  相似文献   

11.
In 1966 and 1967 the chipping quality of three potato varieties was studied using three moisture regumes, two nitrogen levels, and three harvest dates. Specific gravity and chip color of potatoes freshly harvested and of those stored 10 days, along with chip color differences between the two periods, were tested. Of the three varieties tested — Anoka, Kennebec, Irish Cobbler — Anoka§ specific gravity was least depressed by soil-moisture stress and its chip color least affected by time of chipping; all tubers, however, chipped darker after being stored. High soil temperatures were associated with low specific gravities and dark chips. In 1966 irrigation tended to lower soil temperature, resulting in lighter chip color for potatoes harvested from irrigated than from nonirrigated plots; also color was lighter at the first than at the later harvests. In 1967, when air temperatures were consistently lower and rainfall nearly adequate, chip color was lighter for potatoes harvester later in the season. Nitrogen levels did not influence chip color. Moisture regimes and varieties influenced mineral content of tubers more consistently for the two years than did harvest dates or nitrogen levels. Specific gravity did not correlate significantly with chip color.  相似文献   

12.
为提高干旱灌区小麦节水生产技术,依托2005年开始的定位试验,以传统耕作（CT）为对照,对固定道平作（ZT）和固定道垄作（PRB）下土壤温度、土壤水分和春小麦产量的变化进行了分析。结果表明,PRB可增加0～80 cm土层土壤水分含量,小麦出苗期至收获期不同土层土壤含水量为PRB>ZT>CT。在小麦播种期至出苗期,PRB土壤升温较慢,拔节期至收获期0～15 cm土层土壤温度变化趋势为PRB>ZT>CT。随着种植年限的增加,PRB保护性耕作对小麦具有明显的增产效应,穗粒数的增加是其增产的主要因素。PRB和ZT处理4年平均水分利用效率分别比对照提高了46.88%和12.96%。PRB处理节水增产效果明显,可作为干旱灌区小麦节水栽培新技术进行推广。  相似文献   

13.
Tubers of Sebago, Pungo, and Wauseon cultivar potatoes were analyzed for total glycoalkaloid (TGA) content following treatment with systemic insecticide-nematicides in two experiments. The treatments were at plant applications of aldicarb, carbofuran, and phenamiphos, each applied at 3.4 kg ai/ha in-the-row; oxamyl, and ethoprop at 4.5 kg ai/ha in-the-row; and fensulfothion applied at 2.2 kg ai/ha in-the-row; and three 1.1 kg ai/ha overall foliar applications of oxamyl both alone and in combination with an at plant application of carbofuran at 4.5 kg ai/ha in-therow. None of the nematicide treatments significantly affected TGA content of potato tubers at harvest. Similarly, there were no significant differences in tuber TGA levels between the cultivars Pungo and Sebago in one experiment. In the other experiment Pungo and Wauseon tubers had significantly lower levels of TGA than Sebago. There were no cultivar X nematicide treatment interactions observed in either experiment.  相似文献   

14.
Linear equations for estimating the amounts of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S removed from the soil as a function of yield are given for Russet Burbank potatoes. The equations were obtained from chemical analyses of potatoes grown using various ratios and rates of fertilizer, planting dates and harvest dates during 1966 to 1969 in the Columbia Basin of the state of Washington. The percentage mineral element composition of the tubers remained relatively uniform for the different ratios and rates of fertilizer but varied some due to the length of season. The correlation coefficients of chemical composition of the vines with chemical composition of tubers were low as were those relating amount in vines to yield. The correlation coefficients relating amounts of elements in the tubers to yield were 0.9 or greater.  相似文献   

15.
A study of the changes in organic acids and amino acids occurring during storage of tubers at 70 and 55 F was made on several varieties grown in 1965 and 1966. Citric acid tended to increase and malic acid usually decreased. Pungo potatoes showed decreases in aspartic and glutamic acids and increases in several other amino acids. Increases or decreases in both organic and amino acids were usually greater in potatoes stored at 70 F than those stored at 55 F. Temperature of storage appeared to have a greater effect on organic and amino acids than would be in-dicated by results of previous workers. Considerable amounts of pyro-glutamic acid were found in some potato varieties. There were significant decreases in ascorbic acid in potatoes stored at both 70 F and 55 F.  相似文献   

16.
A large percentage of winter and spring potatoes (Solanum tuberosum, L.) grown in the USA is produced in northeast Florida (NEF) on sandy soils with low cation exchange capacity. Maintaining adequate K nutrition is a major concern. A study was conducted on an Elzey fine sand (sandy, siliceous, hyperthermic Typic Humaquept) in NEF to relate yield and leaf K to soil and fertilizer K levels. In 1981, Mehlich-I soil K in the 0–15 cm depth averaged 73 mg/kg. Yields of 35 t/ha were obtained without any K fertilization and no response to K sidedressed at rates up to 70 kg/ha was obtained. In the following three years, soil K prior to fertilization was < 40 mg/kg. In 1982 and 1983, significant differences in yield were obtained as a result of K fertilization at planting at rates up to 186 kg/ha. In 1984, no yield differences were obtained with K fertilizer rates ranging from 94 to 280 kg/ha. Differences in maximum tuber yields from year to year were related to the number of growing-degree days accumulated between planting and harvest. Yield-leaf K relationships for leaf samples taken late in the season showed that the critical leaf K concentration for 35 t/ha yields was no more than about 20 g/kg; that for yields approaching 40 t/ha was no more than about 45 g/kg. The results of this study indicated that current K fertilizer recommendations are higher than necessary for the yields being obtained by most NEF potato growers.  相似文献   

17.
An experiment involving 24 grassland sites was carried out to measure the influence of a large number of variables on upland yields between 900 and 1450 ft above sea level in western Aberdeenshire. The grass was harvested in mid-July and at the end of October 1966. Few factors were significant in the first harvest yields. In the second harvest yields, aspect and soil parent material were both significant at the 1% level, and available soil phosphate at the 5% level. Total yields (DM) for the growing season were correlated with parent material (2% level), with available soil P (1% level) and with the P and K content of the leaf (1% and 5% levels). Yields were also correlated with sward age (5% level) and sward condition (1% level). A number of variables were highly correlated with sward age and condition, including the leaf content (second harvest) of K, P and crude protein (0.1%, 1% and 1% levels).
The highest yield was 4700 kg/ha/year and the average yield 2585 kg/ha/year, but the results showed that the average could be substantially increased by good management, especially by P fertilizer. The results confirmed that there was no marked fall-off in yields with increasing altitude (r=0.066, 0.194 and 0.112) and there appeared scope for reclamation on suitable sites at higher elevations.  相似文献   

18.
Antitranspirants (AT) were applied to greenhouse, field research plots and commercial plantings of Norgold Russet potato plants. In the greenhouse AT (Folicote and Vapor Gard) reduced water uptake by plants by 20–40%. In field trials at the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, Halfway, similar concentrations increased yield of Norgold Russet potatoes by 21–45 cwts per acre (2352–5040 kg/ha). In a commercial trial on 20 acres of potatoes, 2% Folicote applied 5 and 3 weeks prior to vine kill increased total yield by 47 cwts per acre (5264 kg/ha) and increased yield of premium grade potatoes by 100%. Gross crop value at harvest was increased $500 per acre ($1125/ha). Significantly higher soil moisture levels existed in soils of treated plots between irrigations.  相似文献   

19.
The influence of two antitranspirant materials on yield and grade distribution of potatoes was studied during 1975 and 1976. An experimental material (AmChem 74-A335)3 was tested in 1975 at 1:9 concentration in water and 150 gal. of spray per acre (1402 1/ha). Yields of >8 oz. Norgold Russet tubers were increased by 96 cwts per acre (10741 Kg/ha) with no change in total yield. The yield increase was due to an increase in tuber size, as total numbers remained unchanged. Formulation problems rendered the material unavailable for tests in 1977. In 1976 a different antitranspirant (Folicote)3 was studied at Lubbock and Hereford at 1:100 and 1:50 concentrations in 50 gal. water (1402 1/ha). Applications were made at bloom and four weeks later. The Lubbock trial included two irrigation regimes and in each trial both Red LaSoda and Norgold Russet response was studied. The antitranspirant resulted in yield increased of >8 oz. grade Norgold Russet potatoes at Lubbock with no effect on total yield. Total yield of Red LaSoda potatoes was increased by 135 cwts in plots irrigated less frequently at Lubbock with no increase in more frequently irrigated plots at Lubbock and Hereford. Antitranspirants reduced peak soil moisture tension levels by 10–15 centibars (cb) for several weeks after application indicating the potential for extending the period between irrigations.  相似文献   

20.
Intensive cultivation of rice and wheat in north-west India has resulted in air pollution from rice straw burning, soil degradation and declining groundwater resources. The retention of rice residues as a surface mulch could be beneficial for moisture conservation and yield, and for hence water productivity, in addition to reducing air pollution and loss of soil organic matter. Two field experiments were conducted in Punjab, India, to study the effects of rice straw mulch and irrigation scheduling on wheat growth, yield, water use and water productivity during 2006-2008. Mulching increased soil water content and this led to significant improvement in crop growth and yield determining attributes where water was limiting, but this only resulted in significant grain yield increase in two instances. There was no effect of irrigation treatment in the first year because of well-distributed rains. In the second year, yield decreased with decrease and delay in the number of irrigations between crown root initiation and grain filling. With soil matric potential (SMP)-based irrigation scheduling, the irrigation amount was reduced by 75 mm each year with mulch in comparison with no mulch, while maintaining grain yield. Total crop water use (ET) was not significantly affected by mulch in either year, but was significantly affected by irrigation treatment in the second year. Mulch had a positive or neutral effect on grain water productivity with respect to ET (WPET) and irrigation (WPI). Maximum WPI occurred in the treatment which received the least irrigation, but this was also the lowest yielding treatment. The current irrigation scheduling guidelines based on cumulative pan evaporation (CPE) resulted in sub-optimal irrigation (loss of yield) in one of the two years, and higher irrigation input and lower WPI of the mulched treatment in comparison with SMP-based irrigation scheduling. The results from this and other studies suggest that farmers in Punjab greatly over-irrigate wheat. Further field and modelling studies are needed to extrapolate the findings to a wider range of seasonal and site conditions, and to develop simple tools and guidelines to assist farmers to better schedule irrigation to wheat.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号