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1.
Li Tengyu Xu Chao Li Yaoming Gou Chengfei Hong Zhu Ding Mingquan Sun Chendong 《棉花学报》2013,32(4):348-359
[Objective] The aim of this study is to study the hereditary of heterosis of fiber quality and yield-related traits in the upland-island interspecific hybrids, and breed new interspecific hybrid varieties with high yield and fine fiber quality. [Method] In this study, 12 upland cotton materials and 5 sea-island cotton materials were selected to determine the fiber quality and yield traits of their parents and F1 in Lin’an, Zhejiang and Sanya, Hainan. [Result] It was found that fiber length and fiber strength of F1 (Gossypium hirsutum × G. barbadense) generally had significant mid-parent heterosis (MPH), some hybrid combinations showed strong over-parent heterosis (OPH), fiber length had a small coefficient of variation between the two places and could be stably inherited. And in terms of yield, seed cotton weight, lint weight, and lint percentage of some upland-island hybrids had MPH, but they were still significantly lower than those of upland cotton parents. [Conclusion] Two long-staple cotton hybrid combinations T035 and T044 with 5A grade high-quality were obtained, and an excellent material of G. barbadense Ta10-280 was screened. This study provides valuable data for the genetic law of fiber quality heterosis of upland-island hybrid cotton. 相似文献
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María J. García-Moreno José M. Fernández-Martínez Leonardo Velasco Begoña Pérez-Vich 《Euphytica》2014,200(2):231-238
Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) seeds contain a high proportion of tocopherols (>90 %) in the α-tocopherol form. A mutant with a high concentration of γ-tocopherol (>85 %) was identified in germplasm of wild safflower (Carthamus oxyacanthus M. Bieb.) that showed strong introgression of C. tinctorius, which allowed selection of individuals of both species with high concentrations of either α- or γ-tocopherol. The trait is controlled by a γ-tocopherol methyltransferase (γ-TMT) locus. The objective of this research was to identify γ-TMT sequence mutations associated with the high γ-tocopherol trait. Full length genomic and cDNA sequences of the γ-TMT gene were obtained from plants of C. tinctorius and C. oxyacanthus with both tocopherol profiles. Sequences from high γ-tocopherol plants showed an 11 bp deletion in exon 6 of the γ-TMT gene that disrupted the reading frame and created a premature stop codon, resulting in a predicted protein with a drastically altered amino acid sequence downstream the frameshift site. The data suggested that the frameshift mutation was underlying the γ-TMT loss of function mutant allele that determines the high γ-tocopherol phenotype. The characterized sequence change of 11 bp deletion could be used directly as a functional marker for introgression of the high γ-tocopherol trait into elite safflower cultivars. 相似文献
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油菜(Brassica napus L.)是具有重要影响的油料作物。通过杂交育种在油菜上的运用,获得了相较于旧品种在生活力、生长势、抗逆性、适应力、产量、品质等方面具有更大优势的新品种,但同时也带来了油菜倒伏与机械化生产率无法提高等问题。水稻和小麦相关的矮化研究与应用是绿色革命的重要组成部分,这为人们改良油菜品种提供了新的思路。对于油菜倒伏和提高油菜机械化生产率等急需解决的问题,油菜矮化育种成为了解决问题的关键。本研究围绕甘蓝型油菜矮化基因的遗传特点、基因定位、矮化机制等方面的研究情况进行综述,为进一步利用油菜矮化基因提供参考。 相似文献
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以陆地棉冀无2031无菌苗下胚轴为外植体，在MS中附加激素0.1mg/L IAA+0.1mg/L 2,4-D+0.1mg/L KT的培养基上诱导出愈伤组织。选择疏松愈伤组织继代到附加0.1mg/L ZT的培养基中，经2~3个月的继代培养诱导出颗粒状疏松胚性愈伤组织。胚性愈伤组织在无激素、每升加2g谷氨酰胺和0.5g天门冬酰胺的胚性愈伤增殖萌发培养基上培养2个月左右，可陆续形成不同时期的体胚苗。对冀无2031不同时期的体细胞萌发后的体胚苗进行观察，发现了真叶畸形苗、子叶节生根胚、胚轴侧生根胚、腋芽丛生苗和以腋 相似文献
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M. Vetriventhan Hari D. Upadhyaya C. R. Anandakumar S. Senthilvel R. K. Varshney Heiko K. Parzies 《Euphytica》2014,196(3):423-435
Use of diverse germplasm is a key factor which allows high level of resolution due to extensive recombination in the history. Therefore, population used in association mapping should posses as many phenotypes as possible. One of the methods to obtain most of the phenotypes is to construct the core collection. The ICRISAT foxtail millet core collection consisting of 155 accessions was genotyped using 72 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers to investigate the genetic diversity, population structure and linkage disequilibrium (LD). A high degree of molecular diversity among the accessions was found, with an average of 16.69 alleles per locus. STRUCTURE analyses classify the accessions into four subpopulations (SP) based on SSR allelic diversity. The Neighbor joining clustering and the principal coordinate analysis were in accordance with the racial classification. The distribution of molecular genetic variation among and within the four SP and three races showed high degree of variability within each group, and low level of genetic distance (GD) among the groups. LD decay of <40 cM of GD in foxtail millet core collection was observed, which suggests that it could be possible to achieve resolution down to the 40 cM level. From this investigation, it is evident that the foxtail millet core collection developed at ICRISAT is very diverse and could be a valuable resource for trait association mapping, crop breeding and germplasm management. 相似文献
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Shiren Song María del Mar Hernández Ignacio Provedo Cristina M. Menéndez 《Euphytica》2014,195(2):259-277
The main objective of this research was the evaluation of the variability present in a segregating wine grape population derived from a cross between Graciano × Tempranillo, two Spanish varieties, in order to select improved genotypes with potential for producing high-quality wines in a climate change scenario. For that purpose, the phenotypic segregation of 16 agronomic traits related to production and phenology and 11 enological traits related to technical and phenolic maturity was studied in the progeny for three consecutive years. All traits presented transgressive segregation and continuous variation. Year effect was significant for all traits except total, extractable and skin anthocyanins content. However, a high level of genotype consistency for enological traits was revealed by repeatabilities and correlations between years. Significant correlations among traits were observed but most associations were weak. Furthermore, the CAPS (Cleaved Amplified Polymorphic Sequence) marker for the VvmybA genotype was tested to determine whether it would be useful in indirect selection for berry anthocyanins content. The results showed that the number of homozygous and heterozygous genotypes for the functional colour allele adjusted to a 1:1 segregation ratio, and that homozygous genotypes had significantly higher anthocyanins content. Principal component analysis found eight variables that contributed up to 80 % of the phenotypic variability present in the population. Seven groups of hybrids were distinguished based on ripening time, cluster weight, berry weight and anthocyanins content by cluster analysis; and fourteen genotypes were pre-selected for further research. 相似文献
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对分布在那曲地区聂荣县的羊茅草种子进行了初步的研究,测量羊茅主要形态特征,并对其种子特征及其萌发特性进行了分析。结果表明:羊茅穗长(65～140mm)、小穗长度(32～67mm)、小穗数量(3～9个)的平均值分别为108.85mm、52.45mm、5.60个,羊茅小穗数量与穗长和小穗长度无相关规律性。羊茅种子细小,种子圆形或半圆形,种子芒长(1.0～7.0mm)平均值为4.0mm,种子长度(1.0～5.0mm)平均值为2.6mm。通过对3个不同培养皿麦羊茅种子千粒重、含水率及发芽率进行研究,发现羊茅种子千粒重(0.784g,0.715g,0.952g)、含水率(10.56%,11.34%,12.35%)和发芽率(46.45%,37.45%,60.34%)的平均值分别为0.817g、11.42%、48.08%。萌发之后根(13.34mm/d,13.65mm/d,14.21mm/d)和苗(18.32mm/d,19.01mm/d,19.78mm/d)的生长速率平均值分别为13.73mm/d、19.04mm/d,且均表现为3号培养皿2号培养皿1号培养皿。因此,羊茅种子千粒重越大,相应的含水率、发芽率也相对较高且生命力旺盛,萌发之后根和苗的生长速率也相对较快,发育过程中生长势也呈现良好状态。 相似文献
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Ají (Capsicum baccatum L.) and rocoto (C. pubescens R. & P.) are two Capsicum pepper species native to the Andean region that have not been subjected to intensive breeding. However, the increase in its demand in European markets has sparked the development of breeding programmes for adaptation to Mediterranean climates, which include breeding for higher levels of bioactive compounds. We have studied the composition of red and yellow carotenoids (C R and C Y, respectively), ascorbic acid (AA), and total phenolics (TP) in 34 accessions of Capsicum, including 23 of C. baccatum, eight of C. pubescens, and 3 controls of C. annuum, which were grown in Spain both under greenhouse (GH) and open field (OF) conditions. The results show that in both growing conditions C. baccatum presents a considerable variation for most of the traits studied, with several accessions having similar or higher levels than C. annuum for the compounds studied. This indicates that C. baccatum is an important source of antioxidant compounds with nutritional value. On the contrary, C. pubescens had a poor performance, with low levels for all the compounds studied, and a poor adaptation to the conditions of Mediterranean climates. When considering the GH or OF growing cycles separately, heritability values were high (>0.75) for C R, C Y and AA, and moderate (0.42 for GH and 0.62 for OF) for TP. The existence of an important genotype × environment interaction resulted in lower levels for heritability when considering both growing cycles together, although the values were still high for C R and AA (>0.6). Positive significant genotypic correlations among all the traits studied were found, except for TP with C R and AA in the OF cycle. This information indicates that there are good prospects for developing C. baccatum varieties with higher levels of bioactive compounds. 相似文献
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Fekadu Wondimu Mekbib Firew Lakew Berhane Haussmann Bettina I. G. 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2023,26(2):119-133
Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology - Barley is one of the most important cereal crops cultivated over a wider environment in the diverse agro-ecologies in Ethiopia. Study on genotype by... 相似文献
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Indica-japonica hybridization is an important approach for developing superior performing hybrids in rice (Oryza sativa L.). In view of the scanty information available on cooking quality characters in indica-japonica crosses, an investigation was undertaken to estimate genetic and genotype × environment variance and covariance components
of amylose content, gel consistency and alkali digestion value, and to determine the relative importance of direct genetic
effects, maternal genetic effects and cytoplasmic effects in the genetic variations of the three quality characters. Two indica photo-sensitive genic male sterile (PGMS) lines and four japonica varieties were used as parents to make crosses. Genetic model with genotype × environment interactions for triploid endosperm
was used for genetic studies of the three cooking quality characters. Variance component analysis revealed that genetic variations
of the three characters were mainly attributable to direct additive and maternal additive effects, and the three traits had
significant direct and maternal heritabilities. Genotype × environment interactions were mainly dominance × environment (including
direct dominance × environment and maternal dominance × environment) and cytoplasm × environment interactions. Environment
factors could only affect the expression extent of dominant genes, without changing their directions. Predicted values of
genetic effects indicated that the parental lines, ‘VI-70’ and ‘H9304-1’, appeared to be best for amylose content, ‘T 1950’
and ‘Suxuan’ appeared to be best for gel consistency and alkali digestion value.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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本文通过棉花种子活力与电导率、阳离子外渗、组织结构、凝集素和种子加工的关系研究表明,种子活力下降,阳离子外渗增加,其中主要是K~+。种子各部分对逆境条件的反应不同,越是活跃的组织越易丧失活力。高活力的种子也是高凝集素的种子,在多逆抗性的选择过程中,利用低温发芽是对种子高活力和高凝集素等抗性物质的选择。因此,可考虑用电导率、胚根和下胚轴的比值作为检验棉子活力的指标。并证明棉子经我国自行研制的泡沫酸脱绒机处理,能有效地提高播种品质。 相似文献
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Y. Xue S. Q. Zhang Q. H. Yao R. H. Peng A. S. Xiong X. Li W. M. Zhu Y. Y. Zhu D. S. Zha 《Euphytica》2008,164(3):739-744
In the present study, quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling seed storability based on relative germination rate (%) were
dissected using a saturated linkage map and a recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross of japonica cultivar Asominori (Oryza sativa L.) and indica cultivar IR24 (Oryza sativa L.). A total of three QTLs (qRGR-1, qRGR-3 and qRGR-9) were detected on chromosomes 1, 3 and 9 with LOD score ranging from 3.45 to 6.95 and the phenotypic variance explained from
16.72% to 28.63%. The IR24 alleles were all associated with seed storability at all the three QTLs. The existence of these
QTLs was confirmed using IR24 chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) in Asominori genetic background (AIS). By QTL
comparative analysis, the QTL, qRGR-9 on chromosomes 9 appeared to be consistent with another rice population, this region may provide an important region for
isolating this responsible gene. These results also provide the possibilities of enhancing Seed storability in rice breeding
program by marker-assisted selection (MAS) and pyramiding QTLs.
Y. Xue and S. Q. Zhang—joint first authors. 相似文献
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中国农业科学院作物品种资源研究所遗传室原麦类远缘杂交组,曾以(农林10号×八倍体小黑麦)F1再与小黑麦lR(lB)代换系洛夫林l3(Lovrin13)杂交后经连续选育出新种质资源 相似文献
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小麦(T.aestivum L.)D基因组的研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
普通小麦是一个异源六倍体物种,具有ABD三个染色体组,D染色体组在来源和进化过程中都与A、B染色体组不同,D染色体组来自于粗山羊草,含有丰富的抗病、抗虫、抗寒、优质等有益基因,因此D染色体组的研究对小麦的产量、品质改良具有重要意义。但是由于长期的定向遗传改良,我国普通小麦的遗传差异较小,遗传基础狭窄,特别是在D染色体组上尤为突出。一些对作物产量和品质有益的基因未被挖掘利用。本文对小麦D基因组的起源、遗传多样性和拓宽遗传基础的方法及基因定位等进行了综述,并结合本实验室的研究工作对其研究前景进行展望。 相似文献
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槭属植物具有较高的观赏价值、药用价值、食用价值与材用价值,离体组织培养可提高其繁殖效率,并保持优良性状,因而成为槭属植物快速繁育的重要途径.本研究从槭属植物组织培养的离体再生途径、外植体选择、基因型、基本培养基、植物生长调节剂、培养环境等方面,总结了历年来槭属植物组织培养技术的研究成果与最新进展,并对亟待解决的问题与发展方向进行探讨与展望.对于加强对槭属不同种类植物组织培养的深入研究,提高其利用价值及种质资源保护具有重要的意义. 相似文献
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关于锦葵科植物通过花药培养获得花粉植株,国内外尚少报道。红麻属锦葵科植物,为探索红麻育种新途径,加快育种步伐,从1979年开始进行红麻花药培养的研究。 取花粉为单核靠边期,大小为0.8~1.0厘米的花蕾,按常规方法消毒后在无菌条件下接种于培养基上。试验结果表明:红麻花药的培养须经过愈伤组织诱导、增殖分化、再诱导、 相似文献