共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 546 毫秒
1.
《Field Crops Research》2006,95(2-3):156-170
Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is grown across different production environments and is harvested over a 5-month (mid-October–mid-March) period in Florida. While many studies have examined genotype × environment interactions and their implications for breeding program design, knowledge is limited regarding interactions of genotype, environment and time of harvest and their implications for growers. Three non-confounded data sets (“case studies”) were analyzed to determine the effects of these three factors on kilograms of sugar per ton (KST), tons of cane per hectare (TCH) and tons of sugar per hectare (TSH) for recently released cultivars in south Florida. Cultivar (genotype), environment, time of harvest and their interactions had significant effects on KST, TCH and TSH. Sugarcane KST and TSH were reduced by 28 and 29%, respectively, when harvested in mid-October compared to optimum harvest dates in February. TSH varied from 2 to 46% across environments. The Lakeview “warmland” site near Lake Okeechobee recorded significantly higher TCH and TSH than other sites, and cultivars CP88-1508 and CP88-1834 recorded higher relative yields at Lakeview. Cultivar TSH varied up to 51% across the case studies. CP89-2143 had significantly higher KST than other cultivars in all 21 pairwise comparisons in the three case studies, and a remarkably high, stable KST ranking across environments. Growers in the Everglades Agricultural Area interested in improving sugarcane crop sucrose concentration should plant CP89-2143. However, significant genotype × environment interactions for other cultivars support continued multi-locational evaluation of sugarcane germplasm both during the breeding program and following cultivar release. 相似文献
2.
桂糖33号(原编号桂糖02-770)是广西甘蔗研究所从桂糖69-156×新台糖22号杂交组合后代中选育的最新甘蔗优良品种。该品种表现为中熟、高糖、丰产、易剥叶等优良特性。2008—2009年广西区试结果显示,平均蔗茎产量114.83 t/hm2,分别比对照种CK1(ROC22)和CK2(ROC16)增产13.01%和22.90%,平均含糖量为15.81t/hm2,分别比CK1与CK2增产9.64%和17.02%。其中,新植蔗产蔗量为118.92 t/hm2,分别比CK1和CK2增产16.47%和26.19%;平均含糖量为16.42 t/hm2,分别比CK1与CK2增产14.58%和21.63%。该品种适应性广,蔗茎粗大且生长均匀,增产幅度大。该品种于2011年5月通过广西农作物品种审定委员会审定正式命名为桂糖33号。 相似文献
3.
四川甘蔗品种选育之对照品种选择的探讨 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
根据气候条件和品种现状,四川盆地蔗区糖蔗品种选育,宜只选育早熟品种,用川蔗17号做对照品种;果蔗品种选育对熟期的要求并不严格,可用华南54-11;糖果兼用蔗品种选育,选育早熟品种,用川蔗23号,若选育中熟品种,则用川蔗6号;在攀西蔗区,糖蔗品种选育,应偏重早熟品种和中熟品种,早熟品种选育用桂糖1号做对照品种,中熟品种选育用川蔗6号,晚熟品种选育用川蔗13号。盆地蔗区不宜用川蔗13号做对照品种。 相似文献
4.
5.
《Plant Production Science》2013,16(3):229-232
AbstractThe conventional system of sugarcane (Saccharum species complex) planting is inefficient for rapidly multiplying the seed cane of newly released varieties due to a higher seed rate (6.0 t ha-1) and low germination rate (35?40%). We examined the effect of planting methods on the multiplication rate of seed cane in a field experiment conducted at Lucknow (India) during the 2005?06 and 2006?07 cropping season. Forty- day- old plantlets grown in polythene bags in the nursery using 28,000 single-bud cane pieces per ha area, were transplanted at 45 cm spacing in furrows 90 cm apart and the results were compared with those obtained by the conventional practice of planting three- two - and one- bud cane pieces at the rate of 37,000, 55,500 and 111,000 setts per ha, respectively. The polythene bag culture produced a significantly higher number of shoots and millable canes and a higher seed cane yield as compared with the conventional planting method, which is an advantage for seed cane multiplication. The results further indicated that with almost equal cost of cultivation, the rate of seed cane multiplication was about 35 times by the polythene bag culture method and 8?11 times by the conventional planting method. 相似文献
6.
早熟高糖易收获甘蔗新品种桂糖36的选育 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
桂糖36(原名:桂糖03-1403,亲系:ROC23×CP84-1198)中至中大茎,发芽出苗好,分蘖能力特强,发株率高,早生快发,前、中期生长快,后期生长势优,特早熟、特高糖、高产、宿根性好、极易脱叶或自动脱叶,适应于中等水肥条件栽培。甘蔗蔗糖分15.58%,较对照种新台糖22(14.44%)增1.14%;产蔗量86.64 t/hm2,与新台糖22(88.29 t/hm2)相近;含糖量13.52t/hm2,较新台糖22(12.71t/hm2)增加6.37%。 相似文献
7.
W.H. White R.P. Viator E.O. Dufrene C.D. Dalley E.P. Richard Jr. T.L. Tew 《Crop Protection》2008,27(9):1256-1261
The sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis (F.) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), is the key insect pest of sugarcane, Saccharum spp., grown in Louisiana. For more than 40 years, Louisiana sugarcane farmers have used a value of 10% internodes bored at harvest as the economic injury level (EIL). Three plant-cane studies were conducted to re-evaluate the long-standing sugarcane borer EIL level using the most recently released varieties of sugarcane. Varieties were exposed to artificially enhanced borer infestations; the experimental treatments consisted of borer control with insecticides or no control. Data were collected on infestation intensity, damage intensity, and associated yield losses. Crop yields from plots were obtained by mechanical harvesting, and losses were classified as field losses, e.g. losses of gross tonnage in the field and factory losses, e.g., losses that were realized at the factory as cane is being milled. Farm income is based on the product of these two measures of yield, i.e. cane yield×sugar yield. In our study, seasonal stalk-infestation counts did not reveal any indication of preference by the borer moths for a specific variety; infestation pressure was generally uniform within a season among the varieties that we planted. Significant differences were detected among the varieties for harvest percentage of internodes bored as well as yields between borer-controlled and non-controlled plots (P<0.05). In general, varieties were less susceptible to losses in the field (sugarcane yields) than in the factory (sugar yields). As a group, the most recent varieties released to Louisiana growers exhibit more tolerance to the borer than varieties grown 40 years ago. The percent reduction in sugar/ha loss per 1% internodes bored has decreased from an average of 0.74 for varieties grown in the 1960s to 0.61 as a mean for the newly released varieties. Although the cost associated with an insecticide application for sugarcane borer control has increased nearly 4-fold from 1971 to present, sugar yields have increased by approximately 60% allowing farmers to offset some of these increased costs. Our economic analysis indicates that the EIL of 10% internodes bored is too high, considering the high yielding potential and susceptibility of currently grown varieties. For the most at risk farmer, the tenant farmer, a more appropriate value for the EIL is 6% internodes bored. However, this EIL can be raised 12% if a resistant variety is grown. 相似文献
8.
Mukhtar AA 《Pakistan journal of biological sciences: PJBS》2011,14(22):1028-1031
Inadequate and erratic rainfall pattern and extreme temperature variations induced by climate change being experienced in Sudan savanna areas have compromised the cropping systems of these areas. A change in the cropping patterns is required to maintain and improve upon crop output levels. The pod yield ha(-1) and other growth and yield components of three varieties of groundnut grown under irrigated conditions were measured in a field experiment conducted at the Irrigation Research Station of the Institute for Agricultural Research, Zaria, from 2003 to 2006 dry seasons. Treatments consisted of three plant populations (50,000, 100,000 and 200,000 plants ha(-1)), three varieties (Samnut 23, Samnut 21 and Samnut 11) and three basin sizes (3 x 3, 3 x 4 and 3 x 5 m) arranged in a split plot design with population and variety as main plot and basin size as sub plot. Treatments were randomly assigned and replicated three times. Plant populations significantly affected plant height and canopy spread but had no effect on number of branches plant. Plants grew significantly taller at 200,000 plants ha(-1) while plant canopy spread was significantly widest at 50,000 plants ha(-1). Samnut 23 grew significantly taller than Samnut 21 and 11 although they exhibited wider canopies. Pod yield ha(-1) and 100 seed weight were significantly highest at 200,000 plants ha(-1). Samnut 23 produced the significantly highest pod yield ha(-1) and number of pods plant(-1). Samnut 11 produced significantly highest 100 seed weight. Samnut 23 planted at 200,000 plants ha(-1) in 3 x 4 m basins is most promising for irrigated groundnut cultivation in the Sudan savanna of Nigeria. 相似文献
9.
国家甘蔗区试品种的丰产性及稳定性分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
对参加第5轮国家甘蔗品种区域试验的14个甘蔗品种的蔗茎产量、甘蔗蔗糖分和公顷含糖量进行丰产性及稳定性分析。结果表明，参试品种蔗茎产量、公顷含糖量存在品种间、年份间和地点间的显著差异，品种、年份与地点的互作效应差异显著；参试品种中云蔗99-596、Q170、Mex105、粤糖94-128、福农98-1103的蔗茎产量比CK2显著增产；Mexl05、HoCP91-555、闽糖96-1409、闽糖93-730、HoCP92-648、CP88-1762、FR93-435等7个品种的蔗糖分优于双对照；Mex105、云蔗99-596、Q170、福农98-1103、闽糖96-1409、HoCP92-648、HoCP91-555等7个品种的公顷含糖量优于双对照。综合分析结果表明：Mex105、闽糖96-1409高产稳产，高糖，公顷含糖量稳定性好，可进一步扩大生产应用；福农98-1103、HoCP92-648平均蔗茎产量高，但表现不够稳定，糖分较高，可在适宜地区推广应用。 相似文献
10.
L. Russi P. Annicchiarico† P. Martiniello‡ C. Tomasoni† E. Piano† F. Veronesi 《Grass and Forage Science》2004,59(3):233-239
Turf quality is a complex character of fundamental importance in turfgrass evaluation. It takes into account aesthetic and functional aspects, and depends on several individual components which may vary with time. The use of a synthetic and simple quality score is necessary when evaluating large numbers of varieties. The quality of 110 turfgrass varieties belonging to four species (Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis, Festuca arundinacea and F. rubra) was assessed in the second and third years of growth at three Italian locations, i.e. Lodi (Po Valley, continental climate), Perugia (central Italy, sub‐Mediterranean climate) and Foggia (southern Italy, Mediterranean climate), using a visual score ranging from 9 (outstanding turf) to 1 (very poor turf). A randomized block design with three replicates was used, with varieties of the same species being blocked to facilitate the comparison within species. On average, F. rubra had the lowest turf quality score in summer, whereas the other species had the lowest quality score in winter and the highest quality score in summer and autumn. Components of variance were large for genotype (i.e. variety) main effects in all species. A variety × location interaction was found in F. arundinacea and higher‐order interactions were also found for P. pratensis and F. rubra. Genotype × environment effects were small relative to genotypic effects in L. perenne. Variety × year interactions were small in all cases, whereas variety × location and variety × season interactions were greater. Stability of turf quality across sites, seasons and years was measured for each variety in terms of environmental variance, i.e. the variance of score values across sites, years and seasons. Mean scores and stability values of varieties were integrated into an index of reliability that estimated the lowest score value expected in 0·80 of cases. For each species, a small subset of highly reliable varieties could be identified. Implications of the results for the testing and breeding of varieties in Italy are discussed. 相似文献
11.
根据海南甘蔗产业现状, 选用新台糖10号、粤糖92/126、粤糖93/159进行品种比较试验,结果表明：粤糖93/159品种分蘖力较强,单位面积有效茎数多,早熟、高产、高糖;榨季多年多点新宿平均,粤糖93/159单位蔗茎产量分别比对照新台糖10号和粤糖92/126增产26.6 %和9.11 %;蔗糖分比新台糖10号、粤糖92/126分别提高0.23、0.26个百分点,含糖量增产31.86 %、39.48 %。另通过对粤糖93/159的应用效果及经济效益分析可知：其引种适应性研究增产增糖效果显著,具有显著的推广应用价值,并对粤糖93/159的大面积推广提出了几点建议。 相似文献
12.
13.
2002～2004年广西甘蔗新品种区试表现 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
2002～2004年在广西5个试点进行2年新植、2年宿根甘蔗新品种区域试验,4年20次P44蔗茎产量最高,平均每公顷产蔗量为99041kg,其次是Q141为97553kg,Mex105为92299kg,新台糖25号为86415kg,台优为86141kg,比对照种新台糖16号分别增产20.30%、18.49%、12.11%、4.96%、4.63%;My55-14为81780kg、粤糖93/159为78285kg,比对照种减产0.67%和4.91%。4年60次(每年11月至次年1月3次)蔗糖分分析结果,粤糖93/159蔗糖分最高,平均达16.13%,Mex105为16.09%,Q141为15.49%,新台糖25号为15.12%,P44为15.07%,台优为15.01%,比对照种分别提高1.19%、1.15%、0.56%、0.19%、0.13%、0.07%,My55-14为13.82%,比对照种下降1.11%(绝对值)。 相似文献
14.
Experiments were done employing cane particles obtained from sugarcane at different growth stages until maturation in order to estimate the sugarcane growth stage where production of ethanol and carbohydrate consumption were optimized. The non-flowering cane variety NA56 was cultivated and samples taken at different time intervals for two consecutive years. Two Saccharomyces cerevisae strains were selected from four strains initially compared. Sucrose was poorly consumed in young cane which was an unexpected result. Fructose on the other hand was the hexose that remained in the medium at the end of fermentations especially when using mature sugarcane. There was an increasing trend in ethanol production as a function of DAP (days after planting) as expected, however a plateau was reached after 225 DAP and the maximum value obtained was between 300 and 325 DAP. The NA56 cane variety is usually harvested around 350 DAP for commercial sugar production. Hence a difference of approximately 25 days less in the field might be needed for maximum ethanol production. On the other hand, it was clear from the data that cane harvesting for ethanol production should not be done after the recommended DAP for commercial sugar production. If this is done, the excess fructose present will not be completely utilized by yeast. Finally it was found that yeasts showing more affinity to sugarcane fibers showed better ethanol yields in all the DAP interval. 相似文献
15.
In the Mediterranean farming systems of the Western Australian wheatbelt, crop yields are influenced primarily by the amount and distribution of rainfall and the soil's capacity to hold moisture. The wheatbelt's growing season rainfall varies in the range of 200–400 mm (average) and the plant available water holding capacity (PAWC) of soils is generally in the 40–140 mm range. The grain yield of wheat is sensitive to this combination of small rainfall and small storage capacity.In this study, we explore the relationship between yield and PAWC using a combination of simulation modelling and analysis of field data. Crop yields and soil properties were monitored in detail at 17 locations (PAWCs 43–131 mm) across six seasons (1997–2005). Crop yields were also simulated using the APSIM crop simulator (RMSE = 311 kg/ha) to evaluate the long-term relationship between crop yield and plant available water capacity using 106 years of historical climate data.The relationship between crop yield and PAWC varied with season, and two important factors emerged: (1) for PAWC < 65 mm, there was a linear relationship with crop yields that ranged from 17 kg/ha/mm to 58 kg/ha/mm of PAWC across seasons; (2) for PAWC 65–131 mm the crop yield response to PAWC ranged from 11.5 kg/ha/mm in 45% of seasons to no response.The impact of PAWC on crop yield was reduced in seasons with late rainfall, and magnified in seasons with reduced rainfall late in the growing season. Six distinct season types with different yield–PAWC relationships are identified and season-specific management strategies that exploit within-field variation in PAWC are developed to manage the spatial variation of PAWC in a field. 相似文献
16.
17.
18.
机械化收获是事关中国甘蔗产业水平提升和实现可持续发展的重要环节,而农机农艺融合是加速机械化收获推广应用的关键。采用国际主流甘蔗联合收割机Austoft7000型对5个甘蔗品种的机收田间损失率和夹杂物率进行了分析,研究结果表明:粤糖55和福农39是当地适宜机械化收获的高产品种;福农15蔗茎组织较松脆,机收不宜过高速行驶,以免蔗茎在收割机通道内挤压破损,造成田间损失增加,在此原则基础上,调大排杂风量可有效减少夹杂物。在上述研究基础上,提出了产能类型区分、熟期安排和机械作业面一致性的机收品种布局原则。 相似文献
19.
20.
国家甘蔗品种区试漳州蔗区试验简报 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
经过1999～2001年3年二新一宿区域化试验,参试的14个国家甘蔗品种出苗较好,分蘖力较强,个别品种宿根性较差,综合3年蔗茎产量和蔗糖分的表现,闽糖90-55、新台糖20号、闽糖92-649表现最好,各项指标优于或与两个对照种相当,可以在漳州蔗区进一步示范推广;福农91-21、桂糖91-116、云蔗89-7、粤糖89-240各种性状与两个对照种比互有优劣,需继续进行区域试验,最终确定是否可在漳州蔗区进一步示范推广;其余品种综合性状表现较差,不适宜在漳州蔗区进一步示范推广。 相似文献