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1.
湖泊沉积物内部因素对沉积物-水界面磷交换的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
湖泊沉积物既可充当湖泊水体营养盐的汇也可转变为源,而磷则是富营养化的制约性因子。沉积物-水界面的磷交换过程与沉积物本身的物理化学特征直接相关。本文对沉积物-水界面磷交换动态的内部影响因子及其作用进行了综合分析,并分别论述了沉积物粒级分布、磷的存在形态、电子受体、有机物等对沉积物-水界面磷交换过程的影响与作用。 相似文献
2.
[目的]揭示封闭性内陆湖磷组成特点及底泥释放影响因素,为控制达里湖磷元素污染提供理论支持。[方法]对达里诺尔湖水体总磷(TP)、溶解性总磷(DTP)、溶解性无机磷(DIP),沉积物形态磷进行监测,并利用因子分析的方法对影响沉积物底泥释放的因素分类讨论。[结果]达里湖上覆水总磷(TP)均值2.00±0.02mg/L,间隙水TP均值2.50±0.02mg/L,沉积物TP在206.09~940.49mg/kg之间。沉积物中无机磷(IP)占TP的47.9%,是沉积物主要的磷形态之一。钙磷(Ca-P)是IP中含量最多的形态磷(217.76±47.01mg/kg),其次为铁铝结合态磷(Fe/Al-P,62.73±28.34mg/kg)和交换态磷(Ex-P,36.50±19.13mg/kg),有机磷(OP,200.28±135.13mg/kg)含量占TP的41.8%;通过因子分析法将影响底泥释放的因素分为三类:沉积物TP,Ca-P,Fe/Al-P和生物有效性磷含量归为沉积物磷因子;水体pH,DO,Eh值以及间隙水磷含量归为界面影响因子;湖水水深归为湖泊自身特征因子。[结论]达里湖存在沉积物磷底泥释放的风险,根据因子分析的结果可知,影响沉积物底泥释放的因素分为沉积物磷、水—沉积物界面理化指标和湖水水深3大类。 相似文献
3.
通过对骆马湖进行采样分析,探讨大型水生植物生长区的水体和沉积物中磷（P）、铁（Fe）、锰（Mn）的分布特征,并对浅水湖泊沉积物-水界面中Fe、Mn和P的含量进行了相关性分析,结果表明：大型水生植物生长区的TP、Fe、Mn含量均显著低于对照;沉积物孔隙水中各营养盐浓度均较上覆水高,表层沉积物出现富集现象;沉积物中营养盐的垂直变化存在差异,磷的赋存形式以无机磷的Ca-P为主。相关性分析显示,在大型水生植物作用下,沉积物中Fe和Fe-P、TP呈显著负相关,摩尔比Fe/P和Mn/P随深度的增加而增大,表明Fe和Mn在湖泊体系的磷迁移过程中具有重要影响。 相似文献
4.
磷在富营养化湖泊沉积物-水界面的循环 总被引：22，自引：4，他引：22
沉积物中部分固定的磷可通过分解或溶解作用而释放磷酸盐到沉积物间隙水中;再生的磷可能释放到上覆水体中,或在沉积物中作为一种自生相而再沉淀,或被沉积物的其它组分所吸附。本文描述了磷在沉积物-水界面的迁移过程,并对影响磷循环的因子及其磷自沉积物释放的机制作一简要概述。 相似文献
5.
小型浅水湖泊表层沉积物对磷的吸附特征及其影响因素 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
[目的]分析城市小型浅水湖泊表层沉积物对磷的吸附特征及影响因素,为城市小型浅水湖泊富营养化控制和生态环境修复提供参考依据。[方法]在室内模拟条件下,从表层沉积物对磷的吸附动力学与等温吸附两个角度分析了孔目湖表层沉积物对磷的吸附特征,同时运用磷吸附量计算公式探讨不同pH值下孔目湖表层沉积物对磷吸附行为的影响。[结果]表层沉积物对磷的吸附动力学过程分为快吸附和慢吸附2个阶段,快吸附阶段主要发生在0～1h内,而慢吸附阶段主要发生在1～3h;表层沉积物对磷的吸附等温线在高浓度下同时符合Langmuir模型、Freundlich模型和D-R模型,而在低浓度下符合Linear模型;在酸性或中性环境条件下,表层沉积物对磷的吸附效果更好。[结论]富营养化严重的小型浅水湖泊,表层沉积物有向上覆水释放磷的趋势,且上覆水和沉积物中磷酸盐含量的多少均会影响表层沉积物对磷的吸附特征和动态平衡状态的变化。 相似文献
6.
水体沉积物界面中磷的释放机制非常复杂,生物作用导致的pH值和氧化还原条件变化对湖泊沉积物矿化能力有显著影响。普遍认为沉积物中有机磷的矿化过程是对水体富营养化具有重要贡献的环节之一,而核酸态有机磷可从一定程度上表征微生物水平,反应微生物对矿化作用的影响。据此采用DNA提取的方法对沉积物中核酸态有机磷的含量进行测定,并模拟沉积物中核酸在不同pH和溶解氧条件下的矿化过程。结果表明,DNA提取方法可以快速、准确提取沉积物中核酸磷;沉积物中核酸磷含量为0．43～0．61μg·g^-1,占有机磷总量的0．27％～0．37％,精确度为1．58％～3．63％。模拟实验结果表明,在两种情况下上覆水中总磷浓度均呈波动式上升,在pH接近7时沉积物中核酸磷较低,有氧条件下核酸磷呈下降趋势。 相似文献
7.
采用磷形态的连续提取法,研究了巢湖沉积物中磷的地球化学形态及间隙水中总溶解性磷（DTP）、可溶性磷酸盐（DIP）、可溶性有机磷（DOP）含量的垂向分布特征。结果表明,西湖区的沉积物总磷含量明显高于东湖区。表层沉积物中活性磷含量占总磷的44％-81％,金属氧化物结合态磷（NaOH—P）作为活性磷的主要存在形式,在西湖区含量比例达到47％-60％,对磷释放起重要贡献;磷形态剖面表明,西湖区的金属氧化物结合态磷、可还原态磷（BD—P）含量高于东湖区。金属氧化物结合态磷、可还原态磷、钙结合态磷（HCl-P）受人类活动影响较大,有机磷（Org—P）受外源磷污染影响很小;BD—P、NaOH—P随深度增加而减小,说明巢湖近期磷负荷有增加的趋势;DTP、DIP、DOP在水-沉积物界面的浓度梯度反映它们有自间隙水向上覆水扩散的趋势;巢湖间隙水不同形态磷与BD—P、NaOH—P显著相关（α=0．01）。这项研究可为巢湖内源污染和富营养化的控制与治理提供理论参考。 相似文献
8.
以乌梁素海和岱海表层沉积物为吸附剂,开展了磷在沉积物上的吸附动力学和等温吸附实验研究,采用交叉型Langmuir模型描述了磷在2个湖泊沉积物上的吸附行为,并分析测定了等温吸附后沉积物中磷的形态分布。结果表明,不同浓度条件下沉积物对磷的吸附动力学过程基本相似,Elovich方程能较好地描述2个湖泊沉积物对磷酸盐的吸附动力学过程;Langmuir交叉型吸附等温式能较好地描述磷在岱海和乌梁素海沉积物上的等温吸附行为（R2=0.990）,模型中的k、Qm、EPC0、NAP等参数较好地反映了2个湖泊沉积物在成因、粒度及矿物组成等方面的差异;吸附磷的形态再分布揭示颗粒物所吸附的水相磷主要分布于Ex-P,且Or-P是沉积物中重要的潜在生物有效性磷源,对湖泊富营养化的作用不容忽视。 相似文献
9.
环境条件变化对瓦埠湖沉积物磷释放的影响 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
拟议中的“引江济淮”调水工程涉及到长江、淮河两大河流，瓦埠湖为其中的一个重要湖泊，其水质是否受到调水的影响为该工翟关注的环境问题之一。分析了外界环境因子变化对瓦埠湖底泥在不同环境条件下以及干、湿沉积物样品磷释放的差异，环境因子分别选取了不同磷浓度的上覆水、光照、pH、温度、DO、微生物、水体扰动等。结果表明：湿样释磷能力明显高于风干样品；上覆水体磷的浓度对底泥释磷能力有较强的调节作用；光照对底泥释磷影响不明显，但温度对底泥的释磷有较明显的影响，磷的最大释放量与之呈正相关；水动力条件的改变可在短期内使底泥达到最高的释放量．而DO、pH的改变也可不同程度地增加底泥的释磷能力。综合瓦埠湖底泥的释磷特征与湖泊水文状况，认为调水工程使得底泥释磷的地球化学行为较易实现。 相似文献
10.
苏州河网区河道沉积物磷的吸附释放特征研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究了苏州河网区河道沉积物磷的吸附和释放行为,分析了沉积物的理化性质对磷吸附释放特征的影响,并探讨了其与上覆水水质的关系.结果表明,沉积物磷的饱和吸附量为191.1～771. 6 mg/kg,吸附能力强,但不同沉积物差异大;磷平衡浓度(EPC0)变化范围为0.013～0.183 mg/L,自然条件下沉积物对上覆水富营养化的发生起到了缓解作用;本底吸附磷(NAP)值范围为12.43～215.3 mg/kg,河道沉积物上自带的可解吸磷含量高;沉积物磷的吸附与释放过程均包括两个阶段,即前2 h为快速吸附或释放,10 h后,基本达到一种动态平衡;各因子相关性分析显示:沉积物中无机磷和铝含量是控制磷吸附与释放参数的最主要物理化学因子,磷的吸附与释放参数与CEC、有机质、粒度、铁铝等相关性不显著,可能是由研究对象本身的特点所决定,沉积物磷的吸附与释放是多个因素综合作用的结果. 相似文献
11.
This paper presents the results of a study on nutrient exchange at the sediment-water interface which is caused by early diagenesis and resuspension of bottom sediments. The research was carried out on anoxic silty-clay sediment cores collected south of the Po river delta (Northern Adriatic Sea, Italy) in late summer. The early diagenetic processes were investigated by means of the integrated study of pore-water chemistry and solid phase composition. Exchange at the sediment-water interface was studied by comparing the fluxes measured in incubated cores with the fluxes calculated by modelling pore-water profiles. Nutrient exchange during resuspension was analysed by simulating a storm event in the laboratory. The high production of nutrients near the sediment-water interface is mainly caused by the anoxic degradation of organic matter and the successive reductions of Mn and Fe-oxyhydroxides and, to a lesser extent, of sulphate. The oxic degradation of organic matter occurs only at the sediment-water interface. In the incubation experiment the increases of phosphate, ammonia, nitrate, silica, and Fe in bottom waters were measured. The comparison between calculated and measured fluxes showed that: a) the fluxes are mainly controlled by molecular diffusion; b) phosphate and Fe sink because of the Fe-oxyhydroxide precipitation and nitrification process influences the ammonia and nitrate fluxes. Resuspension caused the release of: a) phosphate through surficial desorption and authigenic apatite dissolution; b) ammonia by means of the oxic degradation of organic matter; and c) dissolved silica generated by biogenic silica dissolution. Resuspension also caused a weak removal of Fe. The more oxic conditions following resuspension favoured the formation of a Fe-oxyhydroxide film at the sediment-water interface which inhibited the phosphate fluxes from sediments to the water column. 相似文献
12.
在2007年1月—2007年11月分4个航次对宁波南沙港养殖水域上覆水和表层沉积物间隙水中的溶解无机氮（DIN）和活性磷酸盐（PO4^3--P）浓度进行了现场调查,并应用Fick第一定理对该养殖水域沉积物-水界面DIN和PO4^3--P的扩散通量进行了估算。结果表明,南沙港养殖水域上覆水中NH4^＋-N、NO3^--N、NO2^--N和PO4^3--P的浓度变化范围分别为1.07～11.73、0.01～121.43、0.06～3.79μmol·L^-1和0.42～4.16μmol·L^-1;间隙水中NH4^＋-N、NO3^--N、NO2^--N和PO4^3--P浓度年变化范围分别为24.00～219.51、4.02～1250.41、0.45～8.70μmol·L^-1和3.41～41.87μmol·L^-1;DIN和PO4^3--P的扩散通量平均值分别为1520.73μmol·m^-2·d^-1和22.33μmol·m^-2·d-^1,扩散方向总体表现为从沉积物向上覆水扩散,每年向养殖系统中输入的DIN和PO4^3--P量分别约为9.87t和0.32t,表明沉积物是南沙港养殖水域水体氮磷营养盐,尤其是DIN的重要的输入源。 相似文献
13.
The water of flooded, abandoned, open-cast pits (Tagebauseen) in the Lusatia region of eastern Germany is characterised by a high acidity (Fe3+/H+), low pH (2.5-3.5) and low concentrations of dissolved phosphorus (SRP) and carbon (DIC). Investigations are investigating the use of amendments to assist in removal of acidity from Tagebauseen through controlled eutrophication. A simple system has been developed to investigate the effects of amendments on water chemistry around the sediment-water interface. Intact, little-disturbed sediment cores (diameter 5.5 cm) with overlying water (total volume 1.5 1) from one Tagebausee (Koschen: pH 3.1, Fe 15-20 mg/l) have been incubated at low temperature (6-10 °C) to investigate the effects of organic amendments (potato) on the concentrations of some major ions in the system. In particular, the dynamics of Fe, P, N and C over time in the presence or absence of organic amendment (potato) have been investigated. Addition of potatoes results in the rising of a sharp pH gradient from near the sediment surface, and an overall increase in dissolved Fe, P and C in the system. The Fe eventually precipitated as black particulates but the SRP remained in solution. Intact sediment cores provide a useful tool for studying changes in water column and sediment pore water chemistry and the potential effects of amendments on the sediments of Tagebauseen. 相似文献
14.
Katarzyna Kowalczewska-Madura Renata Dondajewska Ryszard Gołdyn Anna Kozak Beata Messyasz 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2018,229(8):280
The ribbon type Lake Durowskie (Western Poland) is currently undergoing a sustainable restoration process due to water quality deterioration, manifested in water blooms, low transparency, and oxygen deficits near the bottom sediments. Three restoration methods were applied: (i) hypolimnion aeration using two wind-driven pulverizing aerators installed at the deepest places, (ii) phosphorus inactivation using small doses of iron sulfate and magnesium chloride several times a year, and (iii) biomanipulation using pike fry stocking. Research on the exchange of phosphorus in the sediment-water interphase was conducted in the years 2009–2016 to determine the multiannual changes of internal phosphorus loading from bottom sediments during the restoration process. The sustainable approach resulted in a decrease of internal phosphorus loading and a gradual increase in the sorption capacity of bottom sediments, particularly noticeable in the last 2 years. The content of phosphorus in the sediment and in the interstitial water fluctuated, showing an increase during the first years of restoration and then a gradual decrease. It was proved that the process of sustainable restoration is cheap and does not interfere strongly with the ecosystem, although it is long-lasting. It should be continued for many years, especially in the case of continuous external loading of the lake with nutrients from the catchment area, i.e., until the water quality in the main tributary improves and the lake ecosystem stabilizes. 相似文献
15.
通过室内模拟实验,研究了好氧条件下MCLR在太湖沉积物-水体系中的生物降解过程,着重探讨了外加碳源、不同形态的氮源和磷源对该过程的影响。结果表明,好氧条件下沉积物中MCLR经过8 d明显的迟滞期,于第16 d降解到检测限以下,说明太湖沉积物中的土著微生物具有降解MCLR的能力。外加氨氮、硝氮和碳源对MCLR的降解速率均没有显著影响（P≥0.05）,而外加溶解性磷源可显著促进MCLR的降解（P〈0.01）,说明在天然水体沉积物中,磷可能是MCLR好氧降解过程的限制性营养元素。这一结果对于正确评价水体中MC的微生物降解能力以及准确预测MC的浓度变化趋势具有指导意义。 相似文献
16.
以天津于桥水库作为我国北方湖泊的代表,应用淡水沉积物磷形态的标准测试程序（SMT）对于桥水库6个表层沉积物样品的理化特征及磷赋存形态进行分析,并在此基础上探讨了各形态磷之间及各形态磷与沉积物理化特征,如阳离子交换量、有机质总量、颗粒组成、主要金属含量之间的相关性。结果表明,研究区域内总磷含量为354～581mg·kg-1,其中以无机磷（IP）为主;占总磷含量的57.3%～74.7%;3种主要磷形态含量的大小依次为Ca-P〉OP〉Al/Fe-P,其中Ca-P是沉积物中磷的主要赋存形态;随着沉积物中有机磷含量的增加,有机质总量与阳离子交换量也逐渐提高,细粉粒（0.01～0.005mm）的含量也有所增加。此外,还对水库调水前后沉积物磷赋存形态的变化进行了研究,发现沉积物在调水期间主要扮演＂汇＂的角色,其中Fe/Al-P为调水期内变化最为活跃的磷形态。 相似文献
17.
A. Müezzinoğlu D. Sponza I. K Ken N. Alparslan A. Akyarli N. Zt Re 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2000,123(1-4):245-257
The city of ?zmir on the Aegean Sea shoreline is suffering from rotten odors emitted by anoxic river mouths. Anaerobic conditions in the shallowest portion of ?zmir Bay due to industrial and domestic wastewaters as well as eutrophication products in this very calm part of the Bay are responsible for this. The inner section of the Bay is becoming shallower with sediments rich in organic matter. Aerobic digestion of organic pollutants is limited by the oxygen input and the warm climate leads to an optimal medium for anaerobic processes when anoxic conditions take over. Anaerobic digestion products are odorous gases among which H2S with a characteristic pungent odor is most effective in this case. Sulfur containing gases are formed from sulfides and sulfates in the sediment-water interface and are released into the air. Airborne H2S concentrations are variable as they depend on factors such as high atmospheric diffusion coefficients under changing wind direction and speed, as well as variable such as water depths, organic loadings from rivers, air and water temperatures, sulfate concentrations in sediment and water phases, pH, and Eh. This study aimed to control noxious smells by inhibiting the anaerobic sulfate-reducing bacteria at the sediment surface. To achieve this aim, pH of the sediment-water interface was increased by spreading hydrated lime. Successful lime doses were investigated in laboratory models first and were then tested and applied in the estuary and downstream segment of one of the creeks. Rates of H2S gas emissions and aqueous H2S levels were measured. It was noted that waterborne H2S levels at river mouths were reduced. Odor control efficiencies of 80–96% even after 10 days of lime addition in the field experiments were obtained. Therefore, the results of this study indicated that lime application to the sediment surface is a recommended method in odor control programs. 相似文献