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1.
苹果中多酚物质及其在果实发育过程中的变化 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：13
以秦冠、富士、嘎拉、华冠、华帅、金冠、国光、首红、澳洲青苹等9个品种为试材,对苹果果实发育过程中总酚、绿原酸、黄烷醇、原花色素含量进行了分析。结果表明,苹果果肉中多酚物质的含量和组成在不同品种间存在着较大差异;总酚、绿原酸、黄烷醇和原花色素含量在苹果发育初期迅速下降,其后下降速度逐渐减缓,最后则趋于稳定或稍有下降;在果实发育初期,绿原酸为果肉中主要的多酚物质,而黄烷醇和原花色素仅占很小的比例,但在果实发育过程中绿原酸所占比例逐渐降低,而黄烷醇和原花色素所占比例逐渐上升,成熟时已远远超过绿原酸占总酚含量的比例,成为果实中最主要的一类多酚物质。 相似文献
2.
Athanasios Koukounaras Anastasios S. Siomos Dimitrios Gerasopoulos Katerina Karamanoli 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2016,91(5):491-496
This study evaluated the importance of three factors (genotype, ultraviolet [UV] radiation and harvest time) and their interaction on phenolics, tannins, flavonoids and antioxidant activity of ‘Paris Island’ (romaine type) and ‘Sanguine’ (red leaf type) lettuce plants as well as on the severity of browning of their fresh-cut product. Ten genotypes had significant effect on secondary metabolite accumulation and higher levels were found in ‘Sanguine’, while no interaction effect was found among all the studied factors. Therefore, a new analysis of variance was performed for each genotype separately. The results showed that in ‘Paris Island’ the time of harvest had a significant effect on all measured parameters with higher levels for plants from the night harvest, while UV radiation had little effect on the plants’ biochemistry. On the contrary, in ‘Sanguine’, UV radiation significantly affected the concentration of secondary metabolites and antioxidant capacity, with higher levels for plants grown under UV-open film. Browning evaluation of fresh-cut product derived from the above plants showed that factors affecting secondary metabolite concentration in whole plants at harvest did not have a similar effect. The findings indicate that there are appropriate treatments, for each genotype, that could achieve high production of secondary metabolites and improve their antioxidant properties. 相似文献
3.
C. Rößle T. R. Gormley F. Butler 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(6):62-67
SummaryPrevention of browning in fresh-cut fruit is of major commercial significance as fresh-cut fruit salads are major players in the international marketplace. Natureseal® AS1 and AS5 browning inhibitors out-performed ascorbic acid and citric acid in tests with fresh-cut wedges of ‘Bramley’ apple. A dipping regime of 2 min in 6% (w/v) AS1 solution was found to be optimal, as longer dip-times and higher concentrations led to significant residues of AS1 on the fresh-cut ‘Bramley’ wedges. Tests on fresh-cut wedges from ten apple cultivars indicated that AS1 was significantly beneficial (P < 0.001) to maintain wedge colour during chill-storage in all cultivars, with the exception of ‘Shampion’, which had a low browning tendency and performed equally well with or without AS1. Tests on the anti-oxidant status of a generic fruit salad, which was not treated with AS1 and stored for 15 d, indicated a significant reduction in anti-oxidant status, due largely to the depletion of vitamin C (from 137 to 97 mg 100 g?1 DW). Total phenolics contents remained relatively constant over the 15-d storage period. The outcomes from these trials have been presented to commercial food companies with a view to their uptake. 相似文献
4.
通过对油麦菜、马铃薯、辣椒、豇豆4种蔬菜总糖、总酸、类胡萝卜素、叶绿素、抗坏血酸含量的测定,研究新鲜蔬菜、鲜切蔬菜及其低温贮存后的品质变化。结果表明,与新鲜蔬菜相比,4种蔬菜的总糖含量在鲜切和鲜切冷藏后大多发生显著变化,辣椒鲜切和鲜切冷藏后总糖含量极显著提高,而豇豆、马铃薯鲜切和鲜切冷藏后总糖含量显著或极显著降低。油麦菜、马铃薯总酸含量在鲜切和鲜切冷藏后有明显下降趋势,鲜切马铃薯的糖酸比极显著上升。鲜切和鲜切冷藏后油麦菜类胡萝卜素含量极显著降低32.7%～54.5%,辣椒类胡萝卜素含量显著或极显著提高63.5%～112.9%。鲜切冷藏后油麦菜和辣椒叶绿素含量极显著降低57.7%和43.6%。油麦菜、马铃薯鲜切及鲜切冷藏后总抗坏血酸含量显著或极显著降低;鲜切辣椒总抗坏血酸和还原态抗坏血酸含量均极显著上升,而鲜切冷藏后辣椒总抗坏血酸和还原态抗坏血酸含量极显著下降。豇豆鲜切和鲜切冷藏后类胡萝卜素、叶绿素和抗坏血酸含量未发生显著变化。 相似文献
5.
风信子花瓣花色苷组成分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以12个风信子(Hyacinthus orientalis L.)品种为研究材料,采用英国皇家园艺学会比色卡进行花色描述,利用特征颜色反应确定色素类型,利用UPLC-PAD结合UPLC-Q-TOF-MS技术分析花色苷种类及含量。结果表明,12个品种花瓣中均不含有色的类胡萝卜素,除‘City of Haarlem’和‘Aiolos’以外,均含花色苷。10个含花色苷的品种中,‘Woodstock’花瓣中花色苷含量最高,‘Jan Bos’、‘上农早粉’、‘上农紫红’次之。在这些品种花瓣中共检测到9种花色苷成分,通过与已有文献比对,推定其成分为:天竺葵素3–O–葡萄糖苷、天竺葵素3–O–葡萄糖苷5–O–丙二酰葡萄糖苷、矢车菊素3–O–香豆酰葡萄糖苷–5–O–葡萄糖苷、天竺葵素3–O–香豆酰葡萄糖苷–5–O–葡萄糖苷、天竺葵素3–O–香豆酰葡萄糖苷–5–O–乙酰葡萄糖苷、矢车菊素3–O–香豆酰葡萄糖苷–5–O–丙二酰葡萄糖苷、天竺葵素3–O–香豆酰葡萄糖苷–5–O–丙二酰葡萄糖苷、天竺葵素3–O–阿魏酰葡萄糖苷–5–O–丙二酰葡萄糖苷和天竺葵素3–O–咖啡酰葡萄糖苷–5–O–丙二酰葡萄糖苷。‘上农早粉’、‘上农中粉’、‘Gipsy Queen’、‘Marconi’等品种花瓣中仅含天竺葵素花色苷衍生物,其它6个品种则含天竺葵素和矢车菊素的花色苷衍生物,以天竺葵素为主。‘上农早粉’、‘上农中粉’、‘Gipsy Queen’、‘Jan Bos’、‘Marconi’和‘Lady Derby’花瓣花色苷以天竺葵素3–O–香豆酰葡萄糖苷–5–O–丙二酰葡萄糖苷为主;‘Anna Lisa’、‘Woodstock’花瓣花色苷以天竺葵素3–O–香豆酰葡萄糖苷–5–O–乙酰葡萄糖苷为主;‘上农紫红’和‘Sky Line’花瓣花色苷分别以矢车菊素3–O–香豆酰葡萄糖苷–5–O–丙二酰葡萄糖苷以及天竺葵素3–O–香豆酰葡萄糖苷–5–O–葡萄糖苷为主。 相似文献
6.
A. C. Hulme 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(2):142-149
SummaryThe effect of UV-B irradiation at 10°C and 20°C on the quercetin glycosides procyanidins, chlorogenic acid and anthocyanin levels in the skin of detached fruit of five apple cultivars was investigated. UV-B responsiveness was compared between sides of the fruit that were outwardly facing (exposed) and inwardly facing (shaded) when on the tree. There were no common effects of UV-B irradiation and temperature across all cultivars. UV-B irradiation increased the quercetin glycoside levels in the shaded side of ‘Gala’, ‘Royal Gala’ and ‘Braeburn’ fruit and only at 20°C. UV-B irradiation of the exposed sides of the five cultivars, of either side at 10°C, and of ‘Pacific Rose’ and ‘Aurora’ at either 10°C or 20°C had no significant effect on quercetin glycoside levels. There was no effect of UV-B irradiation on procyanidin levels at any combination of treatments. However, levels of chlorogenic acid, although one tenth of those of quercetin glycosides and procyanidins, increased markedly with UV-B irradiation. Both exposed and shaded sides of fruit of all cultivars increased in chlorogenic acid levels at 10°C and 20°C after UV-B irradiation. UV-B irradiation increased anthocyanin levels in exposed and shaded sides of fruit of all cultivars at 20°C, and on ‘Braeburn’, and ‘Aurora’ at both 20°C and 10°C. UV-B irradiation at either temperature had no significant effect on either the relative proportions of the glycosides of quercetin (galactoside, rhamnoglucoside, glucoside, xyloside, arabinoside and rhamnoside) or the relative proportions of the procyanidins (Procyanidins B2, B5, epicatechin and catechin). The effect of UV-B irradiation was variable, depending on cultivar, previous light exposure, temperature and class of flavonoids examined. 相似文献
7.
茶花红叶芽变品种‘金华美女’叶色突变相关主要化学成分含量变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
‘金华美女’是从‘贝拉大玫瑰’中选育出的茶花芽变品种,其主要特点是叶色呈现暗红色。分别测定了上述两个品种在4个不同发育阶段叶片叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、总花青苷、矢车菊素葡萄糖苷、总多酚、儿茶素和表儿茶素含量。结果表明:(1)在相同阶段,两个品种间叶绿素a和叶绿素b差异均不显著。认为红叶品种的叶绿素合成途径也正常,排除因叶绿素变异引起的叶色变异;(2)红叶品种‘金华美女’叶片中的类胡萝素含量显著低于绿叶品种‘贝拉大玫瑰’,可见其积累对‘金华美女’的叶色无影响;(3)在4个时期中,‘金华美女’叶片总多酚、儿茶素和表儿茶素的平均含量仅占‘贝拉大玫瑰’叶片中的相应含量的33.1%、42%和15%,可见变色品种叶片的多酚合成途径可能受到一定程度的阻碍。(4)‘金华美女’叶片中总花青苷平均含量达3.06 mg·g~(-1),是‘贝拉大玫瑰’的7倍。由此可见,叶片花青苷合成途径中红色类组分的积累和多酚合成途径中无色类组分的合成受阻,是引起‘金华美女’叶色变红的主要成因。 相似文献
8.
Krzysztof Kołodziejczyk Monika Kosmala Joanna Milala Michał Sójka Małgorzata Uczciwek Bogusław Król 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(6):89-95
SummaryPomaces obtained during the production of cloudy or clear juice from scab-resistant apple cultivars (28 harvested in 2006, and 23 harvested in 2007) were studied as a source of nutritionally important components. It was shown that the average yield of pomace during the production of cloudy juice was 6.4% (w/w), and 4.9% (w/w) for clear juice pressing. The average total dietary fibre (TDF) contents were 48.4% (w/w) and 52.4% (w/w) for cloudy and clear juice pomaces, respectively. Ten pomaces from cloudy apple juice production, and 12 obtained from clear juice production, contained ≥ 2,000 mg kg?1 of polyphenols.‘Ariwa’ and ‘Rajka’ are apple cultivars suitable for juice production and their pomaces are characterised by having high contents of TDF [50.9% (w/w) and 51.1% (w/w), respectively], with aboveaverage polyphenol and quercetin glycoside concentrations. The mean contents of quercetin glycosides for pomaces from all apple cultivars was 994 mg kg?1 after clear juice production, and 908.2 mg kg?1 after cloudy juice production. ‘Topaz’, which became a popular commercial apple cultivar in Europe, was the best source of health-promoting components. Its pomace was the richest source of polyphenols among all 28 cultivars studied. It contained ≥ 2,000 mg kg?1 quercetin glycosides in both its clear and cloudy juice pomaces. 相似文献
9.
以甜瓜抗白粉病品种‘银帝’和感白粉病品种‘卡拉克赛’为材料,研究诱导抗性处理对其叶片酚类物质代谢的影响及其与抗病性的关系。结果表明：苯丙噻重氮（BTH）和水杨酸（SA）处理以及接种白粉菌均可显著诱导甜瓜叶片苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）、过氧化物酶（POD）、多酚氧化酶（PPO）活性和绿原酸、总酚、类黄酮含量升高,但纳米硅（SiO2）诱导无效。经诱导和接菌后,甜瓜抗病品种叶片PAL、POD、PPO活性和总酚、绿原酸、类黄酮含量高于感病品种。BTH和SA诱导甜瓜抗病性增强的原因之一是提高了叶片次生代谢相关酶的活性,增加了叶组织次生代谢物质的含量。 相似文献
10.
A. K. Ahmed G. C. Cresswell A. M. Haigh 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(3):350-354
SummaryOverhead irrigation is a common irrigation practice in nurseries, yet it can be wasteful of water and nutrients. We compared the water use, fertilizer use and growth of ‘Top Gun’ lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and ‘Grosse Lisse’ tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) seedlings in sub and overhead irrigation systems. Five rates of controlled release fertilizer were used – 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10 kg m–3. Sub-irrigation used 86% less water than overhead irrigation. Irrigation type had a significant effect on some growth measurements by final harvest, 43 d after sowing. The sub-irrigated lettuce seedlings were significantly taller. The overhead irrigated lettuce seedlings had a higher dry weight and more leaves. The sub-irrigated tomato seedlings were taller, had longer leaves, a larger leaf area and more leaves. Increasing levels of controlled release fertilizer produced quadratic type responses over time for shoot dry weight, with 10 kg m–3 producing tomato and lettuce transplants with a higher biomass in a shorter time than lower levels of fertilizer. 相似文献
11.
苹果加工品种多酚提取物的抗氧化效果分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
研究加工苹果品种的多酚组成及其抗氧化功能,有助于加工原料的选择和功能性食品的开发。测定了4个酿酒品种和4个制汁品种果实的多酚组成,果实多酚提取物清除超氧阴离子自由基、羟基自由基能力和抗脂质过氧化能力。结果表明,供试加工品种总酚含量为644.9￣3511.8mg/kg,原花青素、绿原酸、表儿茶素、儿茶素是果实中的主要多酚物质。各品种多酚提取物都有一定的抗氧化能力,以稀释10倍的浓度清除3种自由基的能力较强。原花青素、儿茶素与加工苹果果实抗氧化能力有较密切的关系。 相似文献
12.
鲜切生菜全程安全控制的HACCP管理模式 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
应用HACCP原理,根据鲜切生菜（叶用莴苣）实际生产及加工情况,提出鲜切生菜HACCP管理模式,并对鲜切生菜生产、加工过程中关键控制点进行了验证分析。 相似文献
13.
Walid Zorrig Amine El Khouni Tahar Ghnaya Jean-Claude Davidian Chedly Abdelly Pierre Berthomieu 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(6):783-789
SummaryCadmium (Cd) is a metal pollutant that accumulates in cultivated soils and has detrimental consequences in terms of food safety. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) can be characterised as having a high capacity to accumulate Cd in its tissues. An analysis of Cd tolerance and Cd accumulation was carried out using two varieties of lettuce (‘Divina’ and ‘Melina’). A wide range of CdCl2 concentrations was used (0.0, 0.1, 0.6, 3.0, and 15.0 µM CdCl2). The lowest concentration (0.1 µM CdCl2) stimulated growth, while the two highest concentrations resulted in a reduction in biomass. Cadmium concentrations were found to be twice as high in roots as in shoots. ‘Divina’ displayed lower concentrations of Cd than ‘Melina’ in nearly all treatments. A strong negative correlation was observed between Cd concentration and Cd tolerance in the roots and shoots (R2 > 0.87) of both ‘Melina’ and ‘Divina’. Lettuce grown in the presence of 15.0 µM CdCl2 had leaf Cd concentrations that were 100-fold higher than the legal maximum level for vegetable products marketed for human consumption, but showed no symptoms of dehydration, chlorosis, or necrosis. This result represents an important alert for lettuce consumers and growers. 相似文献
14.
灰枣是新疆特色林果产品之一。为提升新疆干制‘灰枣’商品性,特开展不同贮藏时间对新疆干制‘灰枣’品质影响的研究。采用新疆较为常用的贮存方式,在温度-2~5℃、湿度40%~45%条件下,采用Folin-酚法、出口食品总黄酮测定、常规理化指标测定等方法,测定不同贮存时间干制‘灰枣’的总多酚、总黄酮、总糖、总酸、还原糖等指标。结果表明,总多酚和总黄酮含量整体变动幅度较小,贮存45 d时达到最高值,分别为10.7 mg/kg、1.05%;脂肪、蛋白质、水分、总酸含量随着贮存时间的延长呈上升趋势,贮存60 d时达到最高值;总糖、还原糖、淀粉、膳食纤维含量呈先增长后降低的趋势,贮存30 d时含量最高。新疆干制‘灰枣’最佳商品期为入库贮存后的30~60 d。 相似文献
15.
Roberto Cappelletti Francesca Balducci Jacopo Diamanti Luca Mazzoni Franco Capocasa Maurizio Battino 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2016,91(6):634-644
Globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus L. var. scolymus) plants of a typical landrace (‘Montelupone A’) from the Marche region (Italy) and three commercial cultivars (‘Apollo’, ‘Romanesco C3’, ‘Exploter’) were compared as a detailed analysis of their productive, morphological, qualitative, and nutritional parameters was carried out to characterise their particularities and suitability for the fresh market or the processing industry. Cultivar ‘Apollo’ stands out for its qualitative and agronomic aspects, with ‘Romanesco C3’ showing high flower head yield, as the most important Romanesco cultivar that is widely cultivated in central Italy. ‘Exploter’ shows high productivity and qualitative characteristics. The lower phenol content of ‘Exploter’ indicates its suitability for processing as a fresh cut preparation. The ‘Montelupone A’ landrace is characterised by beneficial nutritional values that indicate its use for fresh consumption and as a source of antioxidant compounds. The ‘Apollo’ and ‘Romanesco C3’ commercial cultivars show higher processing yield due to flower head characteristics. In particular, ‘Apollo’ has an interesting profile according to its technological qualitative and nutritional value. ‘Exploter’ differs in its high yield and suitability for the fresh market. Analysis of the ‘Montelupone A’ landrace confirms its interesting qualitative and nutritional values. 相似文献
16.
以‘迈田三品青’莴笋为试材,采用叶片喷施的方法,研究了不同植物生长调节剂组合:促长剂-控旺剂-促长剂-控旺剂(T1)、促长剂-矮壮素-促长剂-矮壮素(T2)、赤霉素-控旺剂-赤霉素-控旺剂(T3)、赤霉素-矮壮素-赤霉素-矮壮素(T4)、赤霉素-赤霉素-赤霉素-赤霉素(T5)和喷清水(CK)处理对"三青"莴笋生长和光合作用的影响,以期筛选出能促进"三青"莴笋高效生产的植物生长调节剂组合。结果表明:与CK相比,不同生长调节剂组合均增加了莴笋株高、茎粗、叶片数和单株质量。仅赤霉素处理(T5)的株高、茎粗、叶片数和单株质量前期增长较快,到后期逐渐减缓。而促进剂和抑制剂的交替使用前期生长较慢,而后逐渐增加且超过T5处理。其中第4次喷施后测得T2和T3处理茎粗、叶片数和单株质量较其它处理大,且T2处理叶绿素含量较CK显著增加。综上所述,T2处理为最佳生长调节剂组合,其提高了莴笋光合作用,促进其生长。 相似文献
17.
苹果果实酶促褐变底物及多酚氧化酶活性的研究 总被引：21，自引：5，他引：21
以5个苹果品种为试材，研究了果实的褐变度，绿原酸、儿茶素和表儿茶素含量及多酚氧化酶(PPO)对不同底物的活性。结果表明，‘富士’果实褐变度最高，其次为‘新红星’，‘金冠’最低。3种酚类物质总量新红星和富士最高，金冠最低。儿茶素仅在‘乔纳金’和金冠果实中检测到少量。富士果实绿原酸含量显著高于表儿茶素，新红星和‘王林’表儿茶素含量显著高于绿原酸。以绿原酸为底物，PPO活性新红星最高，其次是富士和金冠，王林最低。以表儿茶素为底物，富士、乔纳金和王林PP0活性显著高于金冠和新红星。以儿茶素为底物，王林PPO活性最高，其次是富士，新红星最低。 相似文献
18.
Callus induction from protocorm-like body segments and plant regeneration in Cymbidium (Orchidaceae)
Le Van Tuong Huan 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(3):406-410
SummaryEmbryogenic callus induction and plant regeneration in Cymbidium Great Flower ‘Rainbow Drop’ were examined. Longitudinally bisected segments of protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) formed calli within about one month on modified Vacin and Went medium (1949) supplemented with 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) or 2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) alone or in combination with N-phenyl-N’-l, 2, 3-thiadiazol-5-yl urea (TDZ).The combination of 0.5 mg l–1 NAA and 0.1 mg l–1 TDZ was found to be the most effective for callus induction. The calli grew well when subcultured every four weeks on the same medium. The calli easily formed PLBs after being transferred to media without plant growth regulators. Healthy plantlets without any phenotypic abnormality were obtained from callus-derived PLBs. 相似文献
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MdMYB10对苹果果皮苯丙氨酸代谢的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
MdMYB10对苹果果皮花青苷合成起重要作用,但对苯丙氨酸代谢途径中其他酚类物质合成是否起作用尚不清楚。从‘粉红女士’苹果（Malus ? domestica‘Pink Lady’）果皮中克隆了MdMYB10,分别构建其过表达载体pCAMBIA2301-MdMYB10和沉默载体pTRV2-MdMYB10,在套袋苹果果皮下注射农杆菌诱导MdMYB10过表达和沉默,分析MdMYB10对解袋后苹果果皮苯丙氨酸代谢的影响。结果表明,在过表达MdMYB10的果皮组织中,MdMYB10表达量上调了19.62倍,MdPAL、MdCHS、MdF3H、MdDFR、MdANS、MdUFGT、MdFLS、MdANR均有不同程度的上调,只有MdLAR无显著变化;沉默MdMYB10的果皮组织中,MdMYB10表达量降低了87%;MdCHS、MdF3H、MdDFR、MdANS和MdUFGT均有不同程度的下调,其中MdANS和MdUFGT下调最多,分别下调83%和82%。在过表达MdMYB10的果皮中,花青苷含量升高了3.05倍,槲皮素–3–O–半乳糖苷、表儿茶素、原花青素B2、绿原酸、对香豆酸含量均有不同程度升高,根皮苷含量无明显变化;在沉默MdMYB10的果皮中,花青苷含量降低了83%,槲皮素–3–O–半乳糖苷和表儿茶素含量分别降低58%和52%,原花青素B2、根皮苷含量无明显变化,而绿原酸含量升高了24%,对香豆酸含量升高了21%。可见,MdMYB10不仅调控苹果果皮中花青苷合成,同时还调控苯丙氨酸代谢中绿原酸、对香豆酸、槲皮素–3–O–半乳糖苷、表儿茶素和原花青素B2等物质的合成,但对根皮苷的形成作用不明显。 相似文献