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1.
AIM: To observe the effects of diosmin on the production of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-1β(IL-1β), IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 in serum and kidney tissues of rats with kidney ischemia and reperfusion (I/R). METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats (180 in total) were randomly divided into 3 groups including sham operation group (sham),I/R group and diosmin+I/R group (diosmin+I/R). At the end of the experiment, the blood and kidney tissues were obtained and TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 were detected by ELISA. RESULTS: The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 in serum and kidney tissues in I/R group and diosmin+I/R group were significantly higher than those in sham group (P<0.01 or P<0.05). Following the development of the pathologic process, the level of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 was significantly increased in I/R group and diosmin+I/R groups, but the level of IL-10 was significantly decreased in I/R group and significantly increased in diosmin+I/R group. The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 in I/R group was significantly higher than those in diosmin+I/R group (except TNF-α at 1 h in diosmin+I/R group). The level of IL-10 in diosmin+I/R group was significantly higher than that in I/R group (P<0.01 or P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Diosmin not only decreases the production of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8, but also promotes the production of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, suggesting that the protective effect of diosmin on kidney I/R injury was associated with anti-inflammatory mechanism. 相似文献
2.
Yuri José A. Neira Amalia Fuentes Mauricio Sáez Bárbara Razmilic Iván 《Erwerbs-Obstbau》2022,64(2):201-209
Total and specific phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity were quantified over two seasons in flowers, leaves, fruitlets, and ripe fruit at harvest of the apple cultivars ‘Brookfield’, ‘Granny Smith’ and ‘Fuji’, as well the crabapple cultivars ‘Hillary’ and ‘Manchurian’. The results showed that leaves had the highest phenol concentrations and antioxidant capacity. Phenolic and antioxidant content was progressively lower from flowers, fruitlets, and ripe harvested fruit. There were high concentrations of phloridzin in flowers and leaves, while concentrations were lower in fruitlets, peel, and entire fruit at harvest. The phenolic compound with the highest concentration in peel was quercetin glycoside, while in the entire fruit it was flavanols. The studied crabapple cultivars did not present differences between them in phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity.
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School grounds can have multiple values, and especially sufficient size, green elements, variation, integrated design and participatory development have been described as positive qualities. However, many studies have focused on pre-school and primary school grounds, while less is known about school grounds for adolescents. This study explored how secondary school students experience and use school grounds of varying size, content and design. The study included one class in year 8 (aged 14–15) at each of three schools in southern Sweden. A questionnaire with mainly open questions was distributed, followed by both individual interviews and walking interviews with four students from each class. The results show that school grounds were appreciated, but also that many chose to stay indoors. Large surface area and varied content, with ball courts, greenery, seating and multifunctional equipment, were valued, but a school ground design with integrated and pleasant settings, allowing socialising and activities, particularly support use by secondary school students. 相似文献
5.
P. D. Drogoudi C. G. Tsipouridis G. Pantelidis 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(5):505-509
SummaryThe effects of light, moderate, or heavy thinning (5, 10, or 20 cm between fruit, respectively), conducted before (7 d or 15 d), during, or after (7 d or 15 d) pit hardening (PH), on the incidence of split pits, fruit yield, fruit quality characteristics, and leaf mineral contents, were studied in the canning peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch.) cultivar ‘Andross’ over two growing seasons. The percentage of fruit with split pits increased by 58.2% in heavily-thinned trees compared with moderately- or lightly-thinned trees, and by 22.9% for the earliest time of thinning (15 d before PH) compared with thinning during, or after PH. Fruit fresh weight (FW) was greater in moderately- and heavily-thinned trees compared with lightly-thinned trees, but yields were similar among the different crop-load treatments. The latest time of thinning (15 d after PH) also had a negative impact on yield at first harvest and on total yield, fruit FW, and delayed fruit ripening compared to thinning during, and 15 d before PH. Total anti-oxidant capacities and phenolic contents were usually greater in fruit from heavily-thinned compared with lightly- or moderately-thinned trees only when thinning was conducted during, or 15 d after PH. Moreover, anti-oxidant levels were highest in fruit from the earliest-thinned trees. There was no significant effect of crop load, or of time of thinning application treatment on fruit colour, or on the K, P, Fe, Mn, and Cu contents of leaf tissues. In conclusion, light or moderate thinning during PH resulted in minimal split pits during processing, and in optimal yields and fruit quality characteristics in the canning peach cultivar ‘Andross’. 相似文献
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In this study, the interaction between crop load and irrigation level on yield, fruit size, skin color and stem-end splitting fruit ratio in the apple cultivar ‘Gala, Galaxy’ grafted on rootstock M9 were investigated. Six irrigation programs were applied during the whole growth season: deficit irrigation (rates of 0.25 kc, 0.50 kc, 0.75 kc), full irrigation (rate of 1.00 kc), excess irrigation (rate of 1.25 kc) and non-irrigation (rates of 0.00 kc of “Class A” pan evaporation coefficient). Four crop loads in each irrigation application were performed by hand thinning after the June drop as a- a low crop load (3 fruits cm?2 TCA), b- a medium crop load (5 fruits cm?2 TCA), c- a heavy crop load (7 fruits cm?2 TCA), and d- an un-thinned crop load (>?7 fruits cm?2 TCA). The total tree yield increased with crop load and irrigation levels. Fruit size was significantly increased by the low crop load. Irrigation increased the fruit size compared to non-irrigation treatment. Further 0.75 kc, 1.00 kc and 1.25 kc irrigation treatments significantly increased the fruit length. Irrigation reduced the fruit flesh firmness. While the low crop load increased the skin red color, it decreased the fruit skin brightness. The yellowness of skin decreased with increasing in the irrigation amount. Irrigation reduced the skin brightness and yellowness, but it increased red color. Crop load and irrigation significantly affected the stem-end splitting fruit ratio. While the splitting fruit ratio increased with a decrease in the crop load, it decreased with an increase in irrigation amount, relatively. Consequently, the low and medium crop load treatments would be beneficial to increase the ratio of marketable fruits without any significant losses in yield for ‘Gala’ apple, especially under 0.75 kc deficit irrigation treatment. 相似文献
8.
Cultural services provided by green space networks and in particular leisure and recreational opportunities are central to the quality of life of those living in urban areas. However, the literature concerned with green space networks has mainly focused on planning aspects rather than on recreational use. The aim of this study was to evaluate the recreational use of, and concerns about, a naturalistic green space network. The case study location was the naturalistic woodland framework in Birchwood, Warrington, UK, known as Birchwood Forest Park. Non-participant observation and content analysis of local archives were used to collect quantitative and qualitative data. Birchwood Forest Park was used more for leisure activities (52.8%, N=1825; i.e. recreation, sports or play) than for utilitarian purposes (47.2%, N=1825; i.e. as walking or cycling thoroughfare). However, utilitarian walking (30%, N=1825) was the most frequent type of activity observed. The maintenance of the naturalistic woodland framework was the most frequent concern mentioned in the local archives (33.3%, N=234). This case study suggests that the recreational patterns in, as well as peoples' concerns about, naturalistic urban landscapes may be a factor of high-quality maintenance and associated local aesthetic and cultural perceptions. In developing, planning or managing comprehensive urban green space networks it is important to ensure that natural looking scenes are well maintained and that the local community is culturally connected to such scenes. 相似文献
9.
Plant growth regulators play a vital role in fruit growth and development. However, effects of compounds belonging to the group of brassinosteroids have not been fully investigated in sweet cherries. One relatively new and one commonly applied growth regulator, 22S, 23S-Homobrassinolide and GA3, respectively, were tested on ‘Summit’ and ‘Regina’ sweet cherries to determine the effects on fruit quality and physiological disorders. The substances were applied with a handgun sprayer at full bloom and at the beginning of fruit development (shuck split) for a 2-year period. GA3 was applied at the concentrations of 25, 50, 100 mgL?1 and 22S, 23S-Homobrassinolide at 0.05, 0.1, 0.5 mgL?1. A combined application of 100 mgL?1 GA3 + 0.1 mgL?1 22S, 23S-Homobrassinolide was also applied. Effects of GA3 and 22S, 23S-Homobrassinolide on fruit weight and size were evident for the concentrations applied and between the seasons for both of the cultivars. Combination of the both growth regulators and 100 mgL?1 GA3 alone produced longer fruits compared to the control trees in ‘Regina’. The 22S, 23S-Homobrassinolide applications increased the firmness of the flesh slightly, but not to a great degree, compared to the GA3 applications alone. The brightness of the red color was better with GA3 applications in ‘Summit’ and ‘Regina’. Brassinosteroid caused the fruits to have comparably dull red color. Total soluble solid contents of the cultivars were influenced by the substances and the year of the application. Stem resistance to separation from the fruit was under the influence of both treatments and seasons. In general, 22S, 23S-Homobrassinolide provided better stem resistance than the GA3 applications. There were no effects of the substances on the development of physiological disorders. 相似文献
10.
Kirtland’s warblers (Dendroica kirtlandii) persist in a naturally patchy environment of young, regenerating jack pine forests (i.e., 5–23 years old) created after
wildfires and human logging activities. We examined how changing landscape structure from 26 years of forest management and
wildfire disturbances influenced population size and spatial dispersion of male Kirtland’s warblers within their restricted
breeding range in northern Lower Michigan, USA. The male Kirtland’s warbler population was six times larger in 2004 (1,322)
compared to 1979 (205); the change was nonlinear with 1987 and 1994 identified as significant points of change. In 1987, the
population trend began increasing after a slowly declining trend prior to 1987, and the rate of increase appeared to slow
after 1994. Total amount of suitable habitat and the relative area of wildfire-regenerated habitat were the most important
factors explaining population trend. Suitable habitat increased 149% primarily due to increasing plantations from forest management.
The relative amount and location of wildfire-regenerated habitat modified the distribution of males among various habitat
types, and the spatial variation in their abundance across the primary breeding range. These findings indicate that the Kirtland’s
warbler male population shifted its use of habitat types temporally and spatially as the population increased and as the relative
availability of habitats changed through time. We demonstrate that researchers and managers need to consider not only habitat
quality, but the temporal and the spatial context of habitat availability and population levels when making habitat restoration
decisions. 相似文献
11.
Butler Eric P. Bliss-Ketchum Leslie L. de Rivera Catherine E. Dissanayake Sahan T. M. Hardy Carole L. Horn Dorothy A. Huffine Ben Temple Amanda M. Vermeulen Michael E. Wallace Hailey 《Landscape Ecology》2022,37(1):1-29
Landscape Ecology - Connections among ecosystems and their components are critical to maintaining ecological functions and benefits in human-modified landscapes, including urban areas. However, the... 相似文献
12.
Chang-Jin Liu Jian-Ying Jia Hao-Yu Wang Li-Li Xue Yu Kong Fu-Xin Wang 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2016,91(6):611-618
A flavor-related enzyme from Toona sinensis (TS), ?-glutamyl-transpeptidase (GGT), was purified 40.67-fold with 13.40% recovery using ammonium sulfate precipitation, dialysis and gel filtration chromatography. Gel filtration chromatography and sodium dodecyl sulfate acryl amide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) revealed that GGT was a heterodimer with a molecular weight of 90 kDa, and the molecular size of its two subunits was 26 kDa and 64 kDa, respectively. The apparent Km and Vmax of GGT were 3.623 μmol/mL and 2.831 μmol/mL/min of protein, respectively. The optimum reaction temperature was 60°C, while the optimum pH was 7.0. GGT can tolerate temperatures of 70°C for a short time and can keep stable activity at 60°C for more than 2 hours. The effect of metal ions on GGT activity showed that Cu2+ and Zn2+ had strong inhibition, while Fe3+ had strong activation, and other metal ions had only a slight effect. LC-MS analysis indicated that GGT catalyzed (S, S)-γ-glutamyl-(cis-S-1-propenyl)-thioglycine, a flavor precursor found in TS, to release glutamic acid moiety. 相似文献
13.
P. Le Mière P. Hadley N. H. Battey 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(6):786-795
SummaryThe effects of environmental conditions, planting date and crown size on the timing, intensity and duration of cropping in the strawberry Fragaria × ananassa cv. Elsanta were investigated. Temperature was positively correlated with the rate of progress to fruiting whereas crown size had no effect. The first fruit reached harvest maturity after an estimated 891 day-degrees had elapsed above a base temperature of 2.9°C for waiting bed plants and 831 day-degrees above a base temperature of 2.4°C for cold stored plants. Temperature was negatively correlated with total yield, berry number and average berry weight for both waiting bed and cold stored plants of different crown sizes. Yield, berry number and average berry weight were positively correlated with crown size. The effect of temperature on the yield components appeared to be due to its effect on vegetative growth of the plants: canopy development was more limited at warmer temperatures. These results can be used to generate models to predict the effect of growth environment on cropping in strawberry. 相似文献
14.
A. P. Preston M. A. Perring 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(1):77-83
Pruning in late summer was compared with winter pruning on mature 23-year-old spur pruned trees of Cox’s Orange Pippin on M.2 rootstock. Two nitrogen treatments were superimposed, namely a standard dressing of 126 units N (sulphate of ammonia) applied in March as compared with 288 units N (nitrate of soda) applied in mid-August at the time of summer pruning. Summer pruning reduced trunk girth increment, advanced blossom development, increased the amount of red colour on the fruits and drastically reduced the incidence of bitter pit in stored fruit. The treatments did not affect cropping. Nitrogen treatments had no overall effect upon the incidence of bitter pit, but in the first season, when bitter pit was most prevalent, high levels of N applied in August reduced the amount, a similar trend being recorded the following year. 相似文献
15.
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a multifunctional organelle responsible for the synthesis and folding of proteins and regulation of calcium homeostasis. Multiple stimuli, such as oxidative stress, glycosylation change and so on, lead to ER dysfunction characterized by the accumulation of unfolded and/or misfolded proteins and calcium homeostasis imbalance (ER stress). Mode-rate ER stress is an important cytoprotective mechanism against stressors. However, severe and/or prolonged ER stress can trigger apoptotic signaling including CHOP, caspase-12 and JNK pathways. Recent studies have shown that ER stress plays a critical role in the development of atherosclerosis and it can bring about inhibitory effects on the progression of atherosclerosis through the intervention of the relevant pathways, which may be a new therapeutic target for atherosclerosis. 相似文献
16.
《Scientia Horticulturae》2001,87(1-2):93-105
Campanula carpatica Jacq. ‘Blue Clips’ plants were grown in a greenhouse under nine combinations of day and night temperatures created by moving plants every 12 h among three day/night temperatures (15, 20, and 25°C). At each temperature, there were three daily light integrals (DLI; 4.2, 10.8, and 15.8 mol m−2 per day, averaged over the experimental period) created with varying supplemental light, and ambient (≈400 μmol mol−1) and enriched (≈600 μmol mol−1) CO2 concentrations. Time to flower was closely related to average daily temperature (ADT), and was not significantly affected by the day or night temperatures delivered to achieve a specific ADT. Time to flower was not largely affected by DLI or CO2 enrichment. As plant ADT increased between 15 and 25°C, flower diameter decreased about 1 mm per degree and was not related to the difference between day and night temperatures (DIF). Flower diameter was smallest and least sensitive to changes in temperature at lower DLI and at ambient CO2 levels. There were 10 less flower buds and 0.3 g less dry mass per plant at first flower for every 1° increase in plant ADT at high and medium DLIs. Flower bud number and dry mass were relatively low and less sensitive to changes in ADT at low DLI, and increased slightly with CO2 enrichment at medium and high but not at low DLI. Plant height was not related to ADT, but increased linearly as DIF increased from −6 to 12°C at all DLIs, but the response was stronger under low DLI than high and medium DLIs. Flower bud number and dry mass were correlated closely with the ratio of DLI to daily thermal time (base temperature of 0°C). Flower bud number and dry mass were highest when C. carpatica plants were grown at 15°C with a DLI of 10–15 mol m−2 per day. 相似文献
17.
QU Shaoxuan GAO San HUANG Chenyang 《食用菌学报》2007,14(3):6-9
Three types of molecular markers （SRAP, ISSR and RAPD） were used to identify four Tremella fuciformis strains, T6 （white）, T7 （white）, T8 （yellow） and T9 （light yellow）. Twelve SRAP primer pairs, ten ISSR primers and eight RAPD primers were screened, and identification data obtained using the three molecular markers were consistent in that the four T. fuciformis strains were divided into three groups with T7 and T9 clustered together in a single group. Each RAPD primer generated a higher average number of polymorphic bands than either the SRAP or ISSR primers, and the average similarity between the four strains was 81.34%. SRAP markers reflected more genetic information compared with the two other markers, and the average similarity was 68.98%. Genetic information reflected by ISSR markers was intermediate between SRAP and RAPD, and the average similarity was 77.48%. 相似文献
18.
AIM: To investigate the gene polymorphisms of interferon-γ(IFN-γ) and interleukin-4(IL-4) and the association with asthmatic susceptibility and the levels of plasma IFN-γ, IL-4 and IgE of asthmatic children. METHODS: 100 asthmatic children and 122 control children were enrolled the study. The genotypes of IFN-γ gene-179G/T polymorphism, IL-4 gene-33C/T and-589C/T polymorphisms were tested by PCR-RFLP.The genotype of IFN-γ gene +874A/T polymorphism was tested by AS-PCR.The CA repeat polymorphism of IFN-γ gene was detected by capillary electrophoresis technique.The levels of serum IFN-γ, IL-4 and IgE were measured by ELISA. RESULTS: 100 asthmatic children and 122 control children were all GG homozygotes at -179 locus of IFN-γ gene.-179 locus of IFN-γ gene has no mutation. The genotypes and allele frequency of IFN-γ gene +874A/T and CA repeat polymorphisms showed no significant difference between asthmatic children and the control(P>0.05). An association was revealed between IFN-γ gene +874A/T polymorphism and the level of plasma IFN-γ.The level of IFN-γ was lower in AA genotype than in AT genotype(P<0.05). The genotypes and allele frequency of IL-4 gene -33C/T and -589C/T polymorphisms showed significant difference between asthmatic children and the control(P<0.05).The levels of plasma IL-4 and IgE were higher in TT genotype at -33 locus and -589 locus than those in CT genotype, but only -33C/T polymorphism was associated with the level of plasma IL-4(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The IFN-γ gene +874A/T and CA repeat polymorphisms were not correlated with asthmatic susceptibility, but there is significant correlation between the level of IFN-γ and +874A/T polymorphism. TT genotype of IL-4 gene -33 locus and -589 locus maybe the susceptible genotype of asthma in children, and the -33 locus polymorphism is associated with the level of IL-4. 相似文献
19.
Ulla E. Gertsson 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(3):497-502
SummaryThe content of ammonium, nitrate and potassium was varied in the macronutrient solutions intended for formation of adventitious shoots from petiole expiants of Senecio × hybridus. The other components of the macronutrients were according to Murashige and Skoog (1962). The largest number of expiants which formed shoots was obtained when the nitrogen concentration in the Murashige-Skoog solution was lowered from 60 to 30 mM and the potassium concentration from 20 to 15 mM. Addition of 1.0 μM TIBA to the medium as well as the standard addition of 4.44 μM BAP and 28.5 μM IAA favoured shoot formation. Even growth in darkness for two weeks immediately after expiant excision increased shoot number. The nitrogen content in the tissue decreased as the nitrogen concentration in the medium decreased, although an increased concentration in the medium from 60 to 75 mM did not increase the nitrogen content in the tissue. When the potassium concentration was changed from 20 to 15 mM, in a medium with 30 mM nitrogen, the nitrogen concentration in the tissue increased. On the other hand, when using a medium with 60 mM nitrogen, the potassium concentration (30 and 20 mM) did not affect the nitrogen content of the tissue. 相似文献
20.
Subhash Chander Reju M. Kurian 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2019,94(4):507-512
The effect of crop load, position of the fruit on the shoots and vigour of the shoots on yield and quality of Annona atemoya × A. squamosa hybrid ‘Arka Sahan’ was investigated in India over two years. The trees were hand-pollinated and thinned to 20, 40, 60, 80 or 100 fruit after fruit set. Information was collected on total and marketable yield, yield efficiency, average fruit fresh weight, peel weight, the number of seeds per 100 g of pulp, pulp content in the fruit, total soluble solids (TSS) and total titratable acidity. In other experiments, fruit were harvested from weak, medium or vigrous shoots, or from basal, middle or apical nodes. Total yield increased up to 60 or 80 fruit per tree and marketable yield increased up to 60 fruit per tree. Average fruit weight and peel weight increased as cropping increased. These results suggest that optimum productivity and quality is associated with 60 fruit per tree or 0.17 to 0.19 kg cm2 trunk-cross sectional area. The quality of the fruit in different positions on the shoots or on the different types of shoots was highly variable and generally not affected by the various treatments. 相似文献