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1.
There are no standardized procedures for sanitizing orchid seeds for propagation by tissue culture and there is insufficient information about the optimum stage of orchid seed development for best germination. Phalaenopsis amabilis flowers were hand-pollinated and fruits harvested 90, 105, and 120 d after pollination (DAP) for seed developmental analysis. Embryo cell number per seed was counted after staining with 4′-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole and viewing through a confocal microscope. Germination percentage and cell number per embryo increased from 14 to 61% and 41 to 66%, respectively, during fruit development from 90 to 120 DAP. Seeds from mature, browning (∼140 DAP) Phalaenopsis Sogo Lit-Angel and Phalaenopsis spp. breeding line 9450 seed pods failed to germinate until frozen at −196, −80, or −18 °C and thawed or chilled at 4 °C for 10 d. Germinability in 140 DAP seeds was correlated with cracked testa after freezing and thawing. P. amabilis seeds were treated with 0, 5, 10, or 15% calcium hypochlorite (CH) for 5, 10, or 15 min. Ninety six percent of untreated seeds from 90 DAP fruit produced protocorms within 40 d after sowing (DAS). Exposing seeds to 5% CH for 10 or 15 min decreased germination to 85 and 73%, respectively. Exposure to 10 or 15% CH for 5, 10, or 15 min produced seed germination percentages of less than 40%. Protocorms developed root hairs and shoot primordia by 50 DAS and an average of one leaf and root by 85 DAS after treatment with either 0 or 5% CH. Higher concentrations delayed or inhibited protocorm development. Green fruits 120 DAP produced the highest percentage of protocorms, while ∼140 DAP seeds from browning fruit were dormant but cold treatments increased germination. 相似文献
2.
The influence of fruit ripeness (half ripe, fully ripe, overripe) at the time of seed extraction on seed germination behaviour, at 25 °C and 13 °C, was studied in two Spanish pepper cultivars for canning. Seeds from half ripe fruits had a poorer behaviour than those taken from fully ripe fruits, especially at 13 °C. Room ripening and overripening of half ripe fruits improved the germination behaviour of the seeds although this behaviour was poorer than that of seeds extracted from fully ripe fruits that were allowed to overripen. Overripening of fully ripe picked fruits slightly improved germination behaviour. 相似文献
3.
寒富苹果授粉花柱的荧光显微观察与自交亲和性分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以寒富苹果为试材,进行自花和异花授粉后花朵和花序坐果率、平均种子数调查试验和荧光显微观察,结果表明,寒富苹果自花授粉的花朵坐果率高达92.8%,花序坐果率为98.3%,平均种子数为7.9粒;略低于异花授粉的96.6%、100%和9.5粒。自花授粉8 h后花粉开始萌发,花粉管能够正常生长,48 h花粉管伸入花柱中部,并在72 h后通过花柱基部,进入子房室。而异花授粉后8 h花粉管开始进入花柱,24 h花粉管伸入花柱中部,48 h花粉管穿过花柱的基部并进入子房室。 相似文献
4.
Eggplant cv. Emi and Tsakoniki were cultivated for seed in an unheated greenhouse and fruits were harvested at 25–65 days after anthesis (DAA) in order to determine the optimum harvest time. In addition, the effect of after-ripening on seed quality (i.e. seed size and germination) was examined by storing harvested fruit at 25 °C for 20 days prior to seed extraction. From the results, it was concluded that the optimum time of harvest for seed production is 55 DAA. Seeds extracted from fruits that were harvested at 25–35 DAA did not germinate, but when fruits harvested at the same age were stored for 20 days at 25 °C prior to seed extraction (i.e. seeds were after-ripened) germination was induced. Seeds extracted from fruits harvested at 45 DAA showed a high percent germination, which decreased after storage at 25 °C for 3 months. This decrease, however, was reduced by after-ripening prior to extraction. It is concluded that although eggplant is a non-climacteric species and fruit do not ripen after harvest, nevertheless seeds within the fruit continue to fill and mature after harvest; hence storage of prematurely harvested fruit prior to seed extraction permits the seeds of these fruits to after-ripen in situ and thereby increases seed size and germination. The implication of this result for eggplant seed production is discussed. 相似文献
5.
免疫捕捉PCR法检测西瓜种子带细菌性果斑病菌 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为提高免疫捕捉PCR法检测瓜种携带西瓜细菌性果斑病菌的灵敏度并明确浙江省主要市售西瓜种子的带菌情况,以有效阻止该检疫性病害的扩散和蔓延。利用5种缓冲液配制浸提液并用免疫捕捉PCR法对国内市售的23批瓜种的18个品种进行了实际检测。结果表明,3-N-吗啡啉乙磺酸(MOPS)缓冲液最适宜于作少量瓜种的免疫捕捉PCR法检测的浸提液,来自病区的浙蜜4号、早佳84-24和寿山王3个品种的种子检测到西瓜果斑病菌,病菌主要附着在种皮上。有效阻止病区种子流入无病区及防治病种交互感染健种是该病检疫的关键。 相似文献
6.
SummaryThe effects of pollen source on fruit set and fruit quality characteristics (xenia effects) were examined in three commercial cultivars of mandarin, Imperial, Ellenor, and Murcott. Six trees of each cultivar received six pollination treatments: three cross-pollen sources, self-pollination, bagging and bagging with emasculation. Pollen tube growth, percentage fruit set, fruit weight, seediness, sugar and acid content were assessed in all treatments. Significant xenia effects, including effects on sugar content, were found in all cultivars. `Imperial' was found to be self-incompatible as self-pollen tubes were inhibited in the upper style. This resulted in a lower fruit set in self-pollinated fruits (P<0.01), a very low fruit weight (33–55 g, compared with 92–103 g, P<0.01), and fruits containing few or no seeds. In addition, `Ellenor' and `Murcott' pollen significantly increased sugar content of fruit by between 0.9–1.6% compared with self-pollinated and unpollinated treatments (P<0.05). Widespread problems of variable production and poor fruit quality in `Imperial' may be alleviated by interplanting with appropriate pollen sources such as `Ellenor' and `Murcott'. Pollen source significantly affected fruit set, seed number and sugar content but not fruit weight of cv. Ellenor. In particular, `Murcott' pollen produced a significantly higher fruit set, relatively low seed number, and the highest mean sugar content (13.2%), significantly higher than `Imperial' pollen, bagged, and unpollinated treatments (>12.5%, P<0.01). Fruit production, seediness and sugar content of `Ellenor' mandarin may be improved by interplanting with `Murcott'. Cross-pollination significantly increased seed number of `Murcott' (15–21 seeds per fruit, compared with 13–17 seeds per fruit, P<0.01). `Murcott' could be planted in pure blocks since self-pollinated `Murcott' fruit had slightly fewer seeds than crosses, without any significant loss of size or quality. These results demonstrate the need for careful consideration of interplanting of cultivars and management of pollinators such as the honeybee, Apis mellifera L. to maximize fruit production and quality in mandarins. 相似文献
7.
影响番茄兼性单性结实及果实发育的因素 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
兼性单性结实番茄Severianin,RP75/59,PSet 1,Oregon Spring和Santiam可在不利环境条件下自然结果,但用植物生长调节剂点花能显著促进结果,而非单性结实番茄在相同条件下自然坐果率极低。人工蕾期辅助授粉能显著提高单性结实番茄的坐果率和单果种子数,并降低其单性结实率。去雄处理导致 Severianin和Oregon Spring的坐果率显著降低,而去雄同时授无生活力花粉能使 RP75/59的坐果率显著提高,但这两处理对其它品种的坐果率无明显影响。单性结实番茄的单果重与果内有无种子以及种子多少无明显相关,但大果型品种OregonSpring无籽果实有更高的平均单果重。 相似文献
8.
M.O. Akoroda 《Scientia Horticulturae》1985,25(3):201-209
Pollination and fertilization success in white yam, Dioscorea rotundata Poir., depend on knowledge and good management of factors influencing the availability of open male flowers from which good pollen can be collected for effective use in pollinations of genetically compatible female plants under non-xeric conditions. In vitro germination of pollen from numerous genotypes demonstrated varied viability (0.3–85.0%). However, pollen from bisexual flowers on monoecious plants was inferior to pollen from unisexual flowers from dioecious plants. Natural pollination by thrips is inefficient, such that populations with higher ratios of male to female plants set more fruits. To improve fruit set, hand pollinations should be made with pollen from diverse genotypes, early in the flowering period when net water balance is positive. In crossing-blocks, male plants should be closely interpositioned with female plants to reduce pollination distance, thereby improving pollination and fruit set. 相似文献
9.
S.J. Wertheim 《Scientia Horticulturae》1973,1(1):85-105
Single spray applications of 100 ppm of a mixture of the gibberellins A4 and A7 (GA4 + 7) were made on fruiting spurs of the apple cultivar Cox's Orange Pippin to investigate the effect on set, June drop and growth of fruits, as well as on shoot development and flower-bud formation on the bourses. Applications were made from 1 to 50 days after full bloom following partial hand-pollination of flowers, i.e. two stigmas per flower pollinated. In another experiment applications were made from 1 to 20 days after full bloom following complete (five stigmas per flower) or partial (two stigmas per flower) hand-pollination, after open pollination, or on emasculated flowers.GA4 + 7 only temporarily increased fruit set after open pollination or after effemination of flowers, and then only after application 1 day after full bloom. GA4 + 7 did not affect the very high fruit set after complete or partial hand-pollination. Both latter pollination treatments induced an equally high fruit set.GA4 + 7 reduced June drop significantly whenever fruits were left after first drop, except after early applications following open pollination. GA4 + 7 was effective in June-drop reduction up to 40 days after full bloom, i.e. until the onset of the June drop.Fruit size was not clearly affected by GA4 + 7. The smaller fruits obtained in some cases after GA treatment could be explained by assuming that maturity was reached by fruits that would have abscised without an exogenous GA4 + 7 supply. GA4 + 7 also increased seed abortion. Fruit length was increased by GA4 + 7 only for applications made up to 20 days after full bloom.GA4 + 7 stimulated bourse-shoot development to some extent. Flower-bud formation on the bourses was not clearly affected by GA4 + 7, but was markedly influenced by the presence of fruits.That GA4 + 7 reduced June drop so much in spite of a slight promotive effect on bourse-shoot growth and a slight abortive action on seeds suggests that these gibberellins may be specific stimuli for apple-fruit growth after actual fruit set is achieved. 相似文献
10.
以大型冬瓜一代杂种白星的父母本为试材,研究了人工授粉、留瓜节位、单株留瓜数、种瓜采收期和后熟期,以及种植密度对种子产量和质量的影响。结果表明,第2或第3雌花节位留种瓜较好,单株选留1个种瓜较为适宜;7：00~9：00每朵雄花授1~3朵雌花为较适宜的授粉量;授粉60 d后采收种瓜,并经过20 d的后熟期,种子成熟度好,发芽率高;每667 m2栽800~900株的定植密度可以获得较高的种子产量。 相似文献
11.
Fruit weight is strongly correlated to ovary weight in olive as big-fruited cultivars have larger ovaries and flowers at bloom. We tested the hypothesis that larger ovaries imply stronger sinks and therefore reduce fruit set, expressed as number of fruits. Flower/fruit load per centimeter of shoot was assessed every month from flowering to harvest, on sample shoots of many different olive cultivars differing in fruit size. Data were taken for two years: 2007 and 2008. Additionally, in 2008, a fruit thinning experiment was carried out by leaving a single fruit per shoot, to assess the maximum potential fruit weight achievable by each cultivar. Results indicated that fruit size was mostly genetically determined as thinned fruits of small-fruited cultivars, although bigger than control fruits, never got as big as fruits from large-fruited cultivars, confirming that large ovaries are a prerequisite for large fruits. Among all cultivars, the number of flowers per inflorescence, the number of inflorescences, and the number of flowers per centimeter of shoot were not correlated to average flower weight while total flower mass per centimeter of shoot was positively correlated to average flower weight (i.e. large flowered/fruited cultivars had greater total flower mass). However, one month after bloom and thereafter, all parameters were negatively and exponentially correlated with fruit average weight across cultivars, except fruit mass per centimeter of shoot which was generally not correlated to fruit average weight, except in one year, at harvest, when fruit mass per centimeter of shoot was positively correlated to fruit average weight. These results suggest that fruit set is a consequence of, and inversely proportional to flower/fruit size in olive. 相似文献
12.
《Scientia Horticulturae》2005,107(1):51-57
Interploid crosses of diploid Kinnow mandarin, Succari sweet orange and Sweet lime with tetraploid Kinnow were made reciprocally for the production of triploid plants. Low fruit set and occurrence of underdeveloped or empty seeds was common in all interploid crosses. The hybrid fruits harvested after 12–14 weeks or 7 months after pollination produced many underdeveloped and few developed seeds; however, tetraploid Kinnow as seed parent yielded more developed seeds per fruit. The under developed seeds were devoid of endosperm. Nucellar embryony was higher in the diploid than in the tetraploid strain of Kinnow. Immature embryos of seeds harvested 12–14 weeks after pollination were cultured in vitro on MS media supplemented with adenine sulphate (20 mg l−1) and malt extract (500 mg l−1). Maximum germination (75%) of hybrid embryos from underdeveloped seeds was obtained in 4× × 2× cross of Kinnow strains. The germinated plantlets were transferred into pots and noted 59–89.3% survival rate in various crosses. 相似文献
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以17个鲜食杏品种、4个仁用杏品种和4个杏李杂交品种为试材,对单个花药花粉量、花粉萌发率、花粉管长度进行测定,并观察统计了这25个杏品种的完全花比例,为杏主栽品种选择适宜授粉树。结果表明:不同杏品种间单个花药花粉量、花粉萌发率、花粉管长度和完全花比率差异显著;不同果实类型(鲜食、仁用和杏李杂交)间花粉量和完全花比例差异显著,花粉萌发率和花粉管长度则没有果实类型间的显著差异。花粉量与花粉萌发率和完全花比率之间无显著相关性,而与花粉管长度显著相关(r=0.417,P0.05);花粉萌发率与花粉管长度极显著正相关(r=0.691,P0.01),与完全花比率负相关但不显著。聚类分析发现,花粉量较多且花粉管生长状况较好的杏品种有"串枝红"、"沙金红"、"金太阳"和"胡安娜",适宜作为授粉树;花粉粒较少和花粉管生长状况较弱的有"恐龙蛋"、"味帝"和"苏联4号",而它们的完全花比例都很高,需要配置授粉树。 相似文献
15.
Some commercial plantations of gooseberry (Ribes uva-crispa L. cultivar ‘Careless’) recently carried poor crops of small fruit with few seeds. The flowers appeared normal and there was an effective pollination period of at least 11 days. Hand pollination resulted in a good set of normal fruits. Few pollinating insects were recorded on a typical affected site, but on trouble-free sites insects, particularly honey bees, were plentiful and effective in transferring pollen. On trouble-free sites, excluding pollinating insects by caging bushes resulted in a typical crop failure, but caging had little effect on the problem site. Introducing honey-bee colonies to the affected site increased fruit set and seed number by comparison with caged bushes. 相似文献
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The percentage of ovules that set seeds per fruit has been used to evaluate the bumblebee activity of a two campaigns greenhouse trial. The experiment was carried out with two commercial cultivars of sweet pepper, ‘bell’ type, called Bardenas and Vergasa. The averages of the percentages of seed set per fruit of the two campaigns were 49.8% (Bardenas) and 40.7% (Vergasa) on the pollination treatment, whereas the averages of the control (self-pollination) treatment were 27.5% and 25.7%, respectively. Percentages of seed set per fruit was strongly related with the number of bee visits, but weakly with duration of visits. 相似文献
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以黔产南沙参(轮叶沙参)为试材,应用随机试验与统计学方法,对不同采收时期的南沙参种子形态、产量、千粒质量、发芽率、发芽势与生理生化指标进行测定分析,以期探明南沙参种子采收适宜期,为南沙参种子质量标准的建立、良种选育、优良种苗的培育等研究奠定基础。结果表明:花凋谢后的15~25 d,南沙参种子大小增长最为迅速,之后种子大小的增长速度减缓;花凋谢后的10~20 d,种子发芽率变化不大,25~35 d迅速升高;千粒质量从花凋谢后25~30 d较高;35 d采收果实过程中种子极容易从果实开口脱落,平均果实种子数量显著降低;南沙参种子发育过程中含水量在花凋谢后30~35 d后变化幅度较小;种子可溶性糖含量在花凋谢后10~15 d变化不大,15~20 d后迅速上升,20~35 d维持不变;南沙参种子发育过程中超氧化物歧化酶活性在花凋谢后的第30天达最高。 相似文献
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京欣砧3号是用印度南瓜种05-88自交系作母本,中国南瓜系04-36自交系作父本配制而成的远缘南瓜(Cucurbita maxima×Cucurbita moschata)杂交种,主要用于甜瓜和西瓜嫁接栽培。采用京欣砧3号等不同砧木嫁接甜瓜和西瓜试验结果显示:与其他参试葫芦砧木和各类南瓜砧木相比,京欣砧3号发芽率高,出苗整齐,苗壮。与甜瓜、西瓜嫁接亲和性好,共生力强,结合面致密,成活率高。嫁接苗耐低温弱光。抗枯萎病,耐盐碱,叶部病害轻。嫁接后增产效果明显,对果实品质影响小。 相似文献