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1.
中国草莓属( Fragaria) 植物的分类研究   总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15  
 中国是世界上野生草莓种类最丰富的国家。近20年来, 从国内外收集保存了103份野生草莓资源, 鉴定出我国自然分布有11个种, 约占世界草莓属植物20个种的一半。这11个种包括8个二倍体种: 森林草莓(Fragaria vesca L. ) 、黄毛草莓( F. nilgrrensis Schlecht. ) 、五叶草莓( F. pentaphylla Lozinsk. ) 、纤细草莓( F. gracilis Lozinsk. ) 、西藏草莓( F. nubicola Lindl. ) 、绿色草莓( F. viridis Duch. ) 、裂萼草莓( F. daltoniana Gay) 、东北草莓( F. m andschurica Staudt) 和3个四倍体种: 东方草莓( F. orientalis Lozinsk. ) 、西南草莓〔F. m oupinensis ( Franch. ) Card. 〕、伞房草莓( F. corymbosa Lozinsk. ) 。对我国原产野生草莓种类进行了较系统的性状描述和分类研究, 并列出了我国野生草莓分种检索表。提出我国分布有11个种的结论比以前记载的8个种更全面和完整。  相似文献   

2.
 通过植物学性状观察和RAPD 技术鉴定证明新疆天山野生草莓为绿色草莓(Fragaria viridis Duch. ) , 表明中国自然分布的草莓野生种达到9 个。绿色草莓在分类学上的典型特征为匍匐茎上从第二节开始每节均形成幼苗; 花序直立、高于叶面, 花瓣显露时呈黄绿色,雄蕊花丝细长, 高于雌蕊; 果实圆形或扁圆形, 淡绿色, 阳面略红, 果硬, 成熟时萼片紧贴,脱萼难。  相似文献   

3.
Summary

‘Korona’, ‘Elsanta’, ‘Bounty’ and ‘Senga Sengana’ strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) plants, were placed at constant temperatures of 9, 15 or 21°C and daylengths of 8 h (short day) or 24 h (long day). The plants were given different numbers of short-day (SD) cycles, and flowering and growth were studied. ‘Korona’ and ‘Elsanta’ were responsive to both short-day treatment and temperature, with optimum flowering at 15°C and 24 SD. ‘Bounty’ was more responsive to temperature, inducing flowers independently of the number of SD cycles at 9°C and 15°C. In ‘Senga Sengana’ flowering was induced independently of temperature and the number of SD cycles, indicating that it had a stronger dependence on other environmental effects. The effect of the number of short-day cycles and the temperature on vegetative growth variâtes such as the number of stolons and daughter plants, the length of flower trusses and petiole length were also studied.  相似文献   

4.
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5.
Summary

The effects of heat injury induced by long exposures were evaluated in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa ‘plants’) Camarosa in this study. Seedlings were grown in 14 × 12 cm pots using perlite for three weeks at 25/10°C day/night temperature, and watered daily by modified 1/3 Hoagland nutrient solution. Half of the plants were transferred to a growth chamber with a constant 25°C, 16/8 h (light/dark) photoperiod regime and 1200 lux light intensity for a week to acclimate the plants. Temperature was increased stepwise (5 K per 48 h) to 30, 35, 40°C and finally to 45°C. In addition to others, plants were transferred from the outside to the growth chamber, at each temperature step to impose a heat shock. Leaf relative water content (RWC, %), loss of turgidity, chlorophyll content (Spad value) and heat-stress tolerance (HTS; LT50) were measured in control and stressed plants. Total soluble proteins and total DNA were extracted from the leaves following the above treatments using standard procedures and total protein contents were determined using a Bradford assay. In general, effects of gradual heat stress (GHS) and shock heat stress (SHS) on the variables studied were mostly significant, except for chlorophyll content, while the effect of temperatures was significant for all the variables. Interaction between the heat stress type and temperature treatments was not significant for leaf RWC, loss of turgidity and chlorophyll content. Data also indicated that total protein and DNA contents were changed significantly by heat stress types (GHS and SHS) and/or temperature treatments. The plants exposed to GHS exhibited a significant increase in HST compared with the plants exposed to SHS (LT50 of 41.5°C and 39°C, respectively). Consequently, gradual heat stress increased HST in strawberry leaves. Increased HST may be associated with the accumulation of several heat-stable proteins in GHS plants.  相似文献   

6.
Experiments conducted over 2 years evaluated photoperiod and nitrogen conditioning of ‘Albion’ strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) plants for off-season field production in New Jersey, USA. Plants were conditioned the first year with natural days (ND, natural daylength) or long days (LD, natural daylength supplemented with 24 h incandescent radiation) for one week followed by 100 or 800 ppm N for 4 weeks under ND or LD. The second year, plants were conditioned with ND or LD for 1 week followed by 1 to 6 weeks of 100 or 800 ppm nitrogen (N) under ND or LD. After conditioning, plants were established in plasticulture. Ripe fruit were harvested from August through October both years. LD conditioning enhanced precocity by approximately 9 days in both studies. Productivity was also enhanced by conditioning with LD or elevated N. Plants grown on silver or white mulch were more productive than those grown on black mulch in the first study, but not the second.  相似文献   

7.
The cleavage amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) markers were developed to identify strawberry cultivars from unknown samples. These markers seemed to have a chromosome specificity. However, no reports confirmed it. The present study was conducted to verify the location of a CAPS marker on the chromosomes using a primed in situ (PRINS) technique. A CAPS marker was hybridized with the ‘Sachinoka’ chromosomes using the PRINS technique. The samples were observed under a fluorescence microscope. When the chromosomes were hybridized with the single marker, fluorescent signals were found on two chromosomes. From the results, the CAPS marker was confirmed to have a chromosome specificity by chromosome observation.  相似文献   

8.
Plants of six strawberry cultivars were raised under controlled conditions and tested for flowering and yield potential. Short days (SD) at intermediate temperatures for 4 weeks in August induced profuse flowering in subsequent long days (LD) in all cultivars except the late-flowering ‘Malwina’. LD conditions induced flowering only in ‘Nobel’, which has an everbearing parent. ‘Nobel’ and ‘Saga’ exhibited broad temperature adaptation for SD floral induction, which was generally reduced or suppressed at 9 and 27°C. After autumn planting, all cultivars flowered most abundantly in plants raised in SD and intermediate temperatures. Flowering was earliest in ‘Nobel’ and ‘Rumba’. Plants that did not reach floral commitment after 4 weeks in SD continued and completed induction under subsequent natural SD conditions after planting in the field, demonstrating the capability of fractional induction. Berry yield varied in parallel with flowering in the field and was always higher in plants raised under SD conditions. The traditional cultivars ‘Florence’ and ‘Sonata’ out-yielded the more recent cultivars. Some cultivars lost more than two thirds of their initiated flowers during the winter with obvious consequences for their yields. With proper raising management, acceptable yields were obtained after autumn planting even in a cool Nordic climate.  相似文献   

9.
This experiment was conducted to investigate the impact of foliar spraying salicylic acid (SA) and methyl Jasmonate (MJ) on the physiology responses of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa cv. ‘Camarosa’) grown under salinity stress. According to results, SA and MJ significantly reduced the injuries caused by salt stress, possibly through promoting K+ accumulation as well as decreasing the electrolyte leakage and Na+ contents in the leaves. The best protective effects resulted from 0.75 mM SA and 0.25 mM MJ treatments. These results indicate that SA and MJ can effectively improve the defense system and antioxidant capacity of strawberry in the salt affected environments.  相似文献   

10.
Abstract

Producing strawberry transplants from runner tips that were plugged ～1 month earlier (early July) than the standard time (early August) promoted fall flowering in some short-day strawberry cultivars. In 2002,100% of ‘Chandler’ transplants produced in early July flowered in the fall, but none of the August-plugged ‘Chandler’ transplants flowered in the fall. In 2003, 73% of ‘Chandler’ transplants produced in mid-July from average-size runner tips and less than half of transplants from small-size runner tips flowered in the fall. Again, August-plugged plants did not flower in the fall. Flowering was absent in ‘Northeaster’ plants. Under protected cultivation, July-plugged ‘Sweet Charlie’ plants bloomed earlier and produced more fruit in November and December than those plugged in August. This study showed that fall flowering in ‘Chandler’ and ‘Sweet Charlie’ strawberry is possible if the transplants are prepared by plugging runner tips in early July. This novel technique for propagating strawberry transplants for annual plasticulture combined with production under high tunnels creates an opportunity for strawberry production in early winter and again in the spring (double cropping) in the mid-Atlantic coast region.  相似文献   

11.
The influences of plug size, planting density, and mulch colour on responses to photoperiod and nitrogen conditioning of ‘Albion’ strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) plants were evaluated in off-season field production in New Jersey, USA. Three different sized plug plants (7.6 cm square pots, 24-cell plug trays, or 50-cell plug trays) were conditioned with natural days (ND, natural daylength) or long days (LD, natural daylength supplemented with 24 h incandescent radiation) for one week followed by ND plus 100 ppm nitrogen (N) for 4 weeks or LD plus 800 ppm N for 4 weeks. Plants were then established in plasticulture on black, white, or silver mulch. In a second experiment, plug plants (439 cm3) were conditioned with LD and nitrogen then established in plasticulture on black, white, or silver mulch at 3 planting densities (0.46, 0.23, and 0.16 m2?plant?1 (2, 4, and 6 plants?m?2)). Fruit were harvested from August through October in both experiments. Conditioning enhanced off-season fall production. White plastic enhanced survival, productivity, and fruit size and larger plugs were more productive than smaller ones. If smaller plugs are desired, conditioning prevents the reduction in yield observed with non-conditioned smaller plugs.  相似文献   

12.
Summary

Total anti-oxidant capacity (TAC) and the contents of mono- and disaccharides, and organic acids were determined in strawberry fruit from ten genotypes sampled from eight experimental sites in Norway in 2002 and 2003. The difference between genotypes was significant for all recorded traits, and it appeared possible to select for all traits in breeding programmes. On average, the Norwegian bred cultivar ‘Carmen’ had a TAC of 30.07 mmol kg–1 fresh weight (FW), compared to 23.16 mmol kg–1 FW in the standard cultivar ‘Korona’. TAC was negatively correlated with fruit size, rainfall and leaf surface humidity, but was positively correlated with the minimum temperature on the day prior to sampling. Mono- and di-saccharide contents were negatively correlated with both minimum and maximum temperatures, and with wind velocity. It was confirmed that the sugars:organic acids ratio was inversely related to the maximum temperature on the day before harvest, which supports anecdotal claims that strawberries grown in northern areas have, on average, better flavour.  相似文献   

13.
Summary

The effects of environmental conditions, planting date and crown size on the timing, intensity and duration of cropping in the strawberry Fragaria × ananassa cv. Elsanta were investigated. Temperature was positively correlated with the rate of progress to fruiting whereas crown size had no effect. The first fruit reached harvest maturity after an estimated 891 day-degrees had elapsed above a base temperature of 2.9°C for waiting bed plants and 831 day-degrees above a base temperature of 2.4°C for cold stored plants. Temperature was negatively correlated with total yield, berry number and average berry weight for both waiting bed and cold stored plants of different crown sizes. Yield, berry number and average berry weight were positively correlated with crown size. The effect of temperature on the yield components appeared to be due to its effect on vegetative growth of the plants: canopy development was more limited at warmer temperatures. These results can be used to generate models to predict the effect of growth environment on cropping in strawberry.  相似文献   

14.
Summary

The present study was undertaken over two consecutive years under sub-temperate climatic conditions in the mid-hill region of Himachal Pradesh (30°52'N, 77°11'E; 1,175 m asl) on loamy sand Inceptisols. The aim was to investigate the effects of irrigation and mulch material on the growth, flowering, fruiting behaviour, relative leaf water content (RLWC), yield, and quality of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa L. ‘Chandler’). The drip irrigation treatments included irrigation with 100, 80, or 60% (coded 1.0, 0.8, and 0.6 V) of the total water requirement. Both mulches increased the minimum soil temperature to a depth of 5 cm. The drip and surface irrigation treatments raised the minimum soil temperature by 3.0º – 5.4ºC, and lowered the maximum temperature by 2.2º – 5.8ºC compared to the rainfed control. Hay mulch was more effective in raising the minimum temperature and lowering the maximum soil temperature than black polyethylene mulch. Moisture conservation increased by 2.8 – 12.8% under the black polyethylene mulch compared to the no-mulch treatment. Drip and surface irrigation methods, as well as mulching, were found to be effective for enhancing the growth, irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE), fruit yield, and quality of strawberry plants. However, the number of crowns per plant, the percentage berry set, the RLWC, root length density (RLD), and fruit yield were highest under treatment M3I3 [i.e., black polyethylene mulch plus drip irrigation (1.0 V)] by 565.5%, 94.5%, 32.8%, 394.5%, and 549.6%,respectively, compared to the no mulch plus rainfed control. The maximum IWUE values for plant biomass [1.39 metric tonnes (MT) ha–1 m–1] and fruit yield (2.79 MT ha–1 m–1) were recorded under treatment M3I5 [i.e., black polyethylene mulch plus drip irrigation (0.6 V)]; whereas, the lowest values (0.39 and 0.68 MT ha–1 m–1, respectively) were observed using treatment M1I2 (i.e., without mulch, plus surface irrigation). Fruit size, weight, sugar content, and anthocyanin content increased significantly under treatment M2I3 [i.e., hay mulch, plus drip irrigation (1.0 V)] compared with all other treatments. Total soluble solids (TSS) contents and total acidity (TA) were highest under treatment M1I1 (i.e., no mulch, plus rainfed). A linear regression model could describe the variations in quality parameters of strawberry plants grown under sub-temperate climatic conditions. Root density was found to be the best indicator with which estimate fruit quality.  相似文献   

15.
Yield and quality of wild strawberry (Fragaria vesca L.) cultivars ‘Regina delle Valli’ and ‘Alpine’ cultivated in soil, as the traditional production system, and in soilless (both in open air and protected environments), as an innovative and sustainable production system, were investigated in a marginal and inner area of the Pistoiese Apennine Mountains during two production seasons. An earlier marketable production was obtained in soilless culture, but total marketable yield was higher from plants grown in a traditional open-field environment. Fruits obtained from the protected soilless system were larger, but developed some mildew, had some visual defects, and revealed a reduced skin chroma index, flesh firmness, and total soluble solids content compared to fruits harvested from plants grown under direct sunlight, while no significant differences were observed in total titratable acidity and pH between growing systems. ‘Alpine’ was more suited to soilless protected cultivation, with a much higher yield compared to ‘Regina delle Valli’. Physicochemical properties of berries were not affected by the cultivar, but fruit quality changed with plant age and seasonal crop cycle. ‘Alpine’ fruits gained a greater sensorial preference, both in traditional soil and soilless culture.  相似文献   

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