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1.
S Fanasca A Martino E Heuvelink C Stanghellini 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(3):488-494
SummaryThe combined effects of electrical conductivity (an EC of 2.5 dS m–1 or 8 dS m–1 in the root zone) and fruit pruning (three or six fruit per truss) on tomato fruit quality were studied in a greenhouse experiment, planted in January 2005. Taste-related attributes [dry matter content (DM), total soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), glucose, fructose and citric acid content] and health-promoting attributes (lycopene, βcarotene, vitamin C, and total anti-oxidant activity) of tomato fruits harvested on the vine from the fifth or tenth truss positions were determined. The quality of tomato fruits was improved by high EC. A high EC in the root zone increased the DM content, total SSC, TA, as well as glucose, fructose and citric acid contents. A significantly higher lycopene and βcarotene content was also observed [on a fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW) basis] with a high EC in the root zone. The accumulation of different compounds that determine tomato fruit quality differed between the fifth and tenth truss. In particular, the lycopene content was reduced, whereas the βcarotene content was increased in the tenth truss with respect to the fifth truss, most likely because of higher temperatures during ripening of the tenth truss. Fruit pruning increased fruit FW by 42% and positively influenced the DM content and total anti-oxidant activity, while a negative effect was observed on lycopene and citric acid contents (on a FW and DW basis). EC and fruit pruning both had a strong effect on fruit size; however, EC had a much stronger impact on taste and health-related fruit quality attributes. A small interaction between EC and fruit pruning was found for marketable yield, fructose and glucose content, fruit firmness, and P and Ca concentrations in fruits. 相似文献
2.
F.M. del Amor A. Serrano-Martínez M.I. Fortea P. Legua E. Núñez-Delicado 《Scientia Horticulturae》2008
This study investigates the influence of a commercial product, Biopron®, consisting of the bacteria Azospirillum brasilense and Pantoea dispersa on sweet pepper fruits (Capsicum annuum L.) under limited N supply. When the N supply was reduced from 12 (control) to 7 mmol L−1, the concentration of total-N in the fruits was significantly reduced in both inoculated and non-inoculated plants. The N supply or inoculation did not affect the dry matter content or fruit firmness, but non-inoculated fruit with low N showed a decrease in pericarp thickness and a significant increase in the color parameter a* compared with the control. Under limited N, inoculation increased the concentration of citric, ascorbic and succinic acids in green fruit compared with non-inoculated fruit, which showed lower values than control fruit. At a later (yellow) stage of development, only succinic acid showed a response to inoculation. Fruit peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7) activity in fruit of inoculated plants was lower than that observed for non-inoculated fruit grown at both high- and low-N. In contrast, in yellow fruit, total phenolic compounds were increased under N limitation, with no inoculation effect. Our study shows that the effect of plant associative bacteria is not directly related with the increased potential availability of nutrients for uptake, especially for fruit quality characteristics. 相似文献
3.
以20个枣品种为试材,采用超高效液相色谱法对枣果实中的主要糖和有机酸组分进行了测定分析,比较了不同品种间的差异并揭示其动态变化规律。结果表明:枣果实中主要的可溶性糖为蔗糖、果糖和葡萄糖,其中蔗糖含量最高,其次是果糖和葡萄糖,属蔗糖积累型;总糖及各组分糖的含量在不同品种果实间存在显著差异,所测品种中‘新郑灰枣’总糖含量最高;随着果实的发育,果糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖含量不断积累,在果实发育前期主要是果糖、葡萄糖的积累,白熟期之后以蔗糖积累为主。枣果实中的有机酸主要是苹果酸、奎宁酸和琥珀酸,其中苹果酸含量最高,属苹果酸优势型;总酸及各组分酸的含量在不同品种间存在极显著差异,‘彬县晋枣’总酸含量最高;随着果实的发育成熟,总酸及苹果酸、奎宁酸和酒石酸含量不断增长,柠檬酸含量在不同发育时期间无显著差异,琥珀酸含量在白熟期低,且与脆熟期和完熟期差异极显著,而脆熟期和完熟期之间无显著差异。糖、酸相关性分析表明,总酸与苹果酸和奎宁酸,总糖与蔗糖,果糖与葡萄糖,苹果酸与总糖和蔗糖之间都呈极显著正相关。柠檬酸与果糖和葡萄糖之间存在显著负相关,总酸与果糖、酒石酸与熊果酸之间存在显著正相关。 相似文献
4.
To investigate the feasibility of using salt tolerant rootstock to increase fruit yield and quality of cucumber under NaCl stress, a greenhouse experiment was carried out to determine fruit yield, leaf relative water content, fruit quality, and mineral composition of cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Jinchun No. 2), either self-grafted or grafted onto the commercial salt tolerant rootstock Figleaf Gourd (Cucurbita ficifolia Bouche) and Chaofeng Kangshengwang (Lagenaria siceraria Standl). Plants were grown in a substrate culture (peat:vermiculite:perlite = 1:1:1, v/v) and irrigated with half-strength Hoagland solutions containing 0, 30, or 60 mM NaCl. The results showed that salinity significantly reduced fruit yield of cucumber owing to a decrease both in mean fruit weight and fruit number. Rootstock had no significant effect on leaf relative water content. Plants grafted onto Figleaf Gourd and Chaofeng Kangshengwang had higher fruit number, marketable and total fruit yield than those of self-grafted plants under 0, 30, and 60 mM NaCl, which could be attributed to, at least in part, the higher K+ but lower Na+ and/or Cl− contents in the leaves. Salinity improved fruit quality by increasing fruit dry matter, soluble sugar, and titratable acidity contents of all the plants, but had no significant effect on vitamin C content. In comparison to the self-grafted plants, plants grafted onto Figleaf Gourd and Chaofeng Kangshengwang had an overall improved fruit quality under NaCl stress owing to an increase in contents of soluble sugar, titratable acidity, and vitamin C, and a decrease in the percentage of non-marketable fruit and Na+ and/or Cl− contents of fruits in comparison to the self-grafted plants, mainly under 60 mM NaCl. Overall, it is suggested that the use of salt tolerant rootstock could provide a useful tool to improve fruit yield and quality of cucumber under NaCl stress. 相似文献
5.
6.
Potted plants of Capsicum annuum, cultivar ‘Long Sweet Yellow’, were restricted to two fruits each and supplied with 0, 10, 25 and 50 mM NaCl. Chloride concentrations exceeded sodium concentrations in ripe fruit from all salt-treatments. The difference was 2.5-fold in ripe fruit from plants treated with 50 mM NaCl. Fruits from the 50 mM treatment were markedly lower in fresh weight and were of a more intense colour than control fruit. Fruit ripening was accelerated by all salt-treatments, but the fresh weight to dry weight ratio of ripe fruit was reduced; the reduction was in proportion to the stress applied.A significant correlation was found between fruit ascorbic acid and Ca2 + concentrations. Fruit Ca2 + was reduced by salinity, but the reduction was not in proportion to sodium chloride concentration. Additional calcium nitrate in the nutrient solution increased the Ca2 + content and ascorbic acid concentration in fruit on control plants but not in fruit from plants treated with 50 mM NaCl. Instead, these fruit showed a marked increase in Na+. 相似文献
7.
外源生长素PCPA对番茄果实蔗糖代谢的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以自然坐果的普通栽培型番茄为对照,PCPA蘸花处理后,取不同发育期的番茄果实内各部位,测定糖的组成和浓度、蔗糖代谢相关酶的活性.结果表明:在番茄果实各发育期,PCPA蘸花处理的果实内各部位糖分含量的总体变化趋势与对照基本相同,果实成熟期中果皮和心室隔壁、胶质胎座中葡萄糖和果糖含量较高,但PCPA蘸花处理的果实中葡萄糖和果糖含量增幅高于对照.果实成熟期PCPA处理的番茄果实内维管束酸性转化酶和中性转化酶活性都明显高于对照,中果皮和心室隔壁、胶质胎座中也有较高的酸性转化酶和中性转化酶活性. 相似文献
8.
The mechanism of chiiling-injury in fruits of eggplants (Solanum melongena L. cultivar ‘Hyonaga’) was investigated by determining the sugar and organic acid content during cold storage and after exposure to low temperature for various periods. Fructose, glucose and maltose were detected, and totalled more than 96% of total sugar on the initial day. Total sugar content increased to 30% higher than the initial day after 2 days of cold storage, and after that decreased gradually, while in 20° C-stored fruits it decreased sharply. Fructose, glucose and maltose increased rapidly after transfer from 1° C to 20° C. Succinic, oxalic, malic and citric acid were detected before storage. Malic and citric acid were found to be the main organic acids. The ratio of malic/citric acid in fruits stored at 1°C decreased during storage, while after storage at 20°C it increased. The ratio in fruits after transfer from 1°C to 20°C increased rapidly during the time course. The ratio of malic/citric acid ranged from 6.0 to 6.8 in healthy fruits, while it was below 5.9 or above 7.3 in chilled fruits. It is suggested that according to this ratio the degree of chilling-injury of eggplant fruits might be foreseen. 相似文献
9.
套袋对桃果实成熟过程中酚酸类和类黄酮类物质积累的影响 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
以‘晚蜜’桃为试材, 果实于盛花后75 d套袋、盛花后144 d除袋, 以未套袋果作对照, 应用HPLC - MS技术对果皮中酚酸类和类黄酮类物质进行了定性定量分析。在成熟果中分离、检测到了3种酚酸类物质, 8种黄酮醇类物质, 5种黄烷- 3 - 醇类物质和2种花色苷类物质。伴随果实成熟, 酚酸类和黄烷- 3 - 醇类物质的含量逐渐下降; 黄酮醇类物质在果实发育早期含量较高, 而后逐渐降低, 果实着色初期其含量骤然上升, 到成熟后期又急剧下降; 未套袋果在盛花后144 d已有花色苷积累, 套袋果除袋后果皮迅速合成花色苷。成熟期套袋果和未套袋果中的酚酸和黄烷- 3 - 醇类物质的含量没有差异, 但套袋果中花色苷类和黄酮醇类物质的含量显著高于未套袋果, 其中套袋果的花色苷含量为未套袋果的1174倍。试验表明, 酚酸类和黄烷- 3 - 醇类物质对光较敏感, 套袋显著抑制了这两类物质的合成, 但未影响成熟果中的含量, 套袋处理增加了成熟果中花色苷和黄酮醇的积累。桃果皮中的花色苷类物质代谢在果实发育早期向花色苷以外的各分支代谢方向进行, 果实着色初期同时积累黄酮醇和花色苷, 到成熟后期主要为花色苷的合成。 相似文献
10.
Y. Shulman L. Fainberstein S. Lavee 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(2):265-274
The development of pomegranate fruit was studied under continental (Bet Shean Valley) and moderate maritime (coastal plain) climatic conditions. Fertile flowers were vase-shaped and developed into fruits. Bell-shaped flowers with few egg cells were sterile and did not produce fruits. Gibberellic acid induced the sterile flowers to develop into small fruits; however, these were devoid of juicy seeds. The growth curve of pomegranate fruits from both climatic regions showed a single sigmoid pattern. The seeds accounted for about half of the fruit weight. The edible juicy tissue of the seeds grew continuously from June to October whereas the internal stone tissue stopped growing and hardened by the end of June. Juice, total soluble solids (TSS) and anthocyanin content increased continuously during maturation while acidity decreased. Fruit of cv Mule’s Head ripens early and has a low acid content, whereas fruit of the late-ripening cv Wonderful has high juice contents, TSS, acids and anthocyanins, and is therefore suitable for processing. In the hot Bet Shean Valley fruits matured more rapidly than in the coastal plain, but acidity and anthocyanin contents were lower. C02 evolution from the fruits was low and no climacteric peak or measurable ethylene were detected during fruit maturation, thus suggesting that the pomegranate is a non-climacteric fruit. 相似文献
11.
李裂果病防治研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
为了研究有效防止李（Prunus salicina L.）裂果问题,从乙烯利抑制果实水分超量吸收和GA3促进表皮增长角度入手,筛选试剂及其浓度、组合、剂量和施用时期最佳组合,比较各处理组合果实内物质含量及果皮细胞结构差异。采收前30 d左右,向果实均匀喷布0.5 g · L-1乙烯利,第2天再用0.5 g · L-1 GA3喷布1次,此处理组合裂果率仅为0.4%（对照21.2%）,防治效果98.13%,果实可溶性糖、维生素C含量极显著高于对照,可滴定酸、含水量极显著低于对照。对照的表皮细胞很小,下皮层个别细胞很大,生长速度不同步是导致果皮胀裂的原因。乙烯利可减少果实水分,使下皮层细胞横向变窄小,并由纵向长条形变为横向长条形排列,果皮不易纵向开裂。GA3使表皮细胞明显增大。乙烯利与GA3配合施用,使表皮和下皮层两部分细胞同步增长。单独使用乙烯利易引起落果,降低果实含糖量,结合使用GA3可防止落果,增加含糖量。 相似文献
12.
以不套袋‘库尔勒香梨’（Pyrus sinkiangensis Yü‘Korla Xiangli’）果实为对照,采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）技术、顶空固相微萃取（HS–SPME）结合气相色谱-质谱（GC–MS）联用技术,分析了套紫色塑料膜袋和单层白色纸袋（NK-15 小林袋）对果实可溶性糖、有机酸和香气物质的影响。结果表明：（1）果实套紫色塑料膜袋后糖组分含量没有显著变化,套单层白色纸袋后蔗糖和山梨醇含量显著减少（P < 0.05）,而葡萄糖和果糖含量变化不显著;（2）果实套紫色塑料膜袋后苹果酸含量显著减少（P <0.05）,套单层白色纸袋后柠檬酸含量显著升高（P < 0.05）,而莽草酸、草酸和奎尼酸含量在各处理间没有显著变化;（3）不同处理之间香气物质组成和含量差异较大,套袋果实香气物质总含量低于对照,种类有所减少,特别是“果香型”的酯类化合物明显受到抑制。研究认为,套袋不利于果实整体风味的形成,但紫色塑料膜袋对果实风味物质的负面影响比单层白色纸袋小,结合成本、工效等因素考虑,建议在香梨套袋栽培中优先选择紫色塑料膜袋。 相似文献
13.
Sladjana Savić Radmila Stikić Biljana Vucelić Radović Biljana Bogičević Zorica Jovanović Vesna Hadži-Tašković Šukalović 《Scientia Horticulturae》2008
The effects of regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) and partial root-zone drying (PRD) on tomato fruit growth and cell wall peroxidase activity in tomato exocarp were investigated in growth chamber conditions. The RDI treatment was 50% of water given to fully irrigated (FI) plants and the PRD treatment was 50% of water of FI plants applied to one half of the root system while the other half dried down, with irrigation shifted when soil water content of the dry side decreased 15–20%. RDI significantly reduced fruit diameter, though PRD reduced fresh weight while having no significant effect on fruit diameter. The activity of peroxidase was significantly higher in RDI and PRD treated plants compared to those of FI. Differences between RDI and PRD were expressed on temporal basis. In the fruits of RDI treated plants peroxidase activity began to increase in the phase when fruit growth started to decline with the peak of enzyme activity of 6.1 HRPEU g−1 FW reached in the phase of mature green fruits when fruit growth rate was minimal. Increase of peroxidase activity in PRD fruits coincided with the ripening phase and the peak of enzyme activity (5.3 HRPEU g−1 FW) was measured at the end of fruit ripening. These data potentially identified contrasting and different roles of tomato exocarp cell wall peroxidase in RDI and PRD treated plants. In RDI treated plants peroxidase may have a role in restricting fruit growth rate, although the increase in enzyme activity during ripening of PRD treated fruit pointed out that peroxidase may also control fruit maturation by inducing more rapid process. 相似文献
14.
Xiao-Peng Lu Yong-Zhong Liu Gao-Feng Zhou Qing-Jiang Wei Hong-Ju Hu Shu-Ang Peng 《Scientia Horticulturae》2011
‘Yandangxueli’ is a pear cultivar with predominant citric acid in the ripe fruit, different from most of pear cultivars such as ‘Gengtouqing’ in which malic acid is the predominant acid type. It was found that ‘Yandangxueli’ accumulated citric acid for three times against that in ‘Gengtouqing’ at fruit ripening stage. To investigate the mechanism of citric acid accumulation in ‘Yandangxueli’, organic acids content, gene expression and enzyme activity were studied in both cultivars. Five genes, Pp:mtCs, Pp:cyAco, Pp:cyIdh, Pp:mtMdh and Pp:cyMe which encoded citric synthase (CS), cytosolic aconitase (cyACO), NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP-IDH), NAD-dependent malate dehydrogenase (NAD-MDH) and NADP-dependent malic enzyme (NADP-ME) respectively, were identified from pear fruit. Their expression profiles and the corresponding enzyme activities were determined throughout fruit development in both cultivars. Results from these enzymes indicated that there were no strict relationship between gene expression, enzyme activity and citric acid accumulation. Expression analysis for two Py:vVAtp genes encoding vacuolar H+-ATPase A subunit and one Py:vVpp gene encoding Vacuolar H+-pyrophosphatase showed that they were all with up-regulated expression at the later development stage of ‘Yandangxueli’ but with down-regulated expression in ‘Gengtouqing’. Therefore, it is concluded that the different ability in citric acid transportation and storage might be involved in the high citric acid content in ‘Yandangxueli’. 相似文献
15.
In this study, some selected physico-chemical properties (antioxidant activity, ascorbic acid, fatty acids, fruit colour, fruit juice yield, fruit weight, organic acids, pH, total phenolic and total soluble solid contents) of five black mulberry (Morus nigra L.) genotypes grown in the Northeast Anatolia region of Turkey was investigated. The total phenolic and antioxidant activity of methanol extract of black mulberry fruits were determined according to Folin-Ciocalteu and β-carotene bleaching method assays, respectively. Fatty acids of mulberry fruits were determined by using gas chromatography. Total phenolic content was observed in black mulberry fruits between 1943 and 2237 mg gallic acid equivalents/100 g fresh mass. The vitamin C content of genotypes varied between 14.9 and 18.7 mg/100 ml. The major fatty acids in all mulberry fruits were linoleic acid (53.57–64.41%) and palmitic acid (11.36–16.41%). Antioxidant activity of black mulberry genotypes was found between 63% and 76%, which lower than standard BHA and BHT. Regarding organic acid content, malic acid was the most predominant with a range of 123–218 mg/g followed by citric acid (21–41 mg/g). The results of the study are helpful for attempting crop improvement in black mulberry for bringing to cultivation. 相似文献
16.
《Scientia Horticulturae》2005,103(4):429-439
Changes during fruit maturation in sugar and acid concentrations were determined and compared for cultivated peaches (cv. Summergrand and Zéphir), P. davidiana and their unselected BC2 genotypes. Cultivated peaches, P. davidiana as well as BC2 genotypes followed similar changes in sucrose, citric acid, quinic acid and shikimic acid during fruit maturation. Sucrose increased until maturity; citric acid increased then fell; quinic acid and shikimic acid declined at maturity. There were very large differences in changes of glucose, fructose, sorbitol and malic acid during fruit maturation among the parents and BC2 genotypes studied. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to describe temporal changes for complex traits and analyze the relationship between parents and BC2 genotypes. In young immature fruits malic acid, quinic acid and shikimic acid concentrations were high then declined. Citric acid concentration peaked at intermediate maturities while mature fruits were characterized by increased sugar concentrations, especially sucrose. According to main PCA score planes, no BC2 genotype was identical to ‘Summergrand’, ‘Zéphyr’ or P. davidiana parents. BC2 genotypes were much closer to the cultivated peaches than to P. davidiana. 相似文献
17.
One of the most important factors limiting agricultural expansion and production is the restricted supply of good quality water. The present study examines the effects of K+ and Ca2+ fertilization on sweet pepper production, blossom-end rot (BER) incidence and fruit quality of pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.) grown under moderate saline conditions. Pepper plants were grown in a controlled-environment greenhouse under hydroponic conditions with different nutrient solutions obtained by modifying the Hoagland solution. The experiment consisted on four K+ treatments (0.2, 2, 7 and 14 mM) +30 mM NaCl, and four Ca2+ treatments (0.2, 2, 4 and 8 mM) +30 mM NaCl, having in common a control without salt with 7 mM K+/4 mM Ca2+. Salinity decreased total fruit yield and marketable fruit yield by 23% and 37%, respectively. The marketable fruit yield reduction by salt treatment was mainly due to the increase in the number of fruit affected by BER. This typical physiopathy of the pepper fruits occurred between 18 and 25 days after anthesis (DAA), when the highest fruit growth rate was reached. Fruit quality parameters were also affected by salt treatment where the fruit pulp thickness and firmness were decreased, and fructose, glucose and myo-inositol fruit concentrations increased with salinity relative to fruits from control treatment. Under saline conditions an increased supply of K+ reduced the fruit fresh weight, the percentage of BER and the marketable yield although promoted the vegetative growth. However, increasing Ca2+ concentration in the nutrient solution increased the fruit production, and the marketable yield as consequence of decreasing the percentage of fruit affected with BER. Fruit quality parameters also were affected by the K+ and Ca2+ treatments. 相似文献
18.
枇杷果实成熟和贮藏过程中有机酸的代谢 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
以高效液相色谱法测定解放钟和早钟六号枇杷成熟过程中及其在8-10℃低温保鲜与MAP保鲜过程中有机酸成分的变化。结果表明:枇杷鲜果中有机酸有苹果酸、乳酸、草酸、酒石酸、富马酸、柠檬酸、丙酮酸等,其中主要有机酸为苹果酸(约占85%),其次为乳酸(约占10%),草酸、酒石酸的含量较低,富马酸微量,不含乙酸和琥珀酸。随着采收成熟度的提高与贮藏时间的延长,有机酸的种类增加,总酸含量下降,有机酸代谢消耗主要是苹果酸的代谢消耗。MAP保鲜主要是通过抑制苹果酸的代谢来减少有机酸在贮藏过程中的消耗。 相似文献
19.
新疆不同葡萄品种果实成熟期酸成分分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究新疆不同葡萄品种酸成分的含量及差异性,采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定了新疆20个无核及40个有核葡萄品种的酒石酸、苹果酸和柠檬酸,对各品种的有机酸与总酸含量进行了比较,最后将60个葡萄品种的酸成分进行聚类分析。结果表明,酒石酸和苹果酸是决定总酸含量的最重要因素。无核葡萄品种的酒石酸、苹果酸、柠檬酸以及总酸含量均高于有核品种。60个葡萄品种分为3大类:分别为高酒石酸、高苹果酸类型;高酒石酸、低苹果酸类型;低酒石酸、低苹果酸类型。研究结果为葡萄加工品种的选择提供了科学依据,对葡萄品种的选育与推广具有积极的指导意义。 相似文献
20.
S. Aliniaeifard J. Hajilou S. J. Tabatabaei M. Sifi-Kalhor 《International Journal of Fruit Science》2016,16(4):395-409
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of low molecular mass antioxidants and NaCl salinity on growth, ionic balance, proline, and water contents of ‘Zard’ olive trees under controlled greenhouse conditions. The experiment was carried out by spraying 2 mM of ascorbic acid (Asc) and 3 mM of reduced glutathione (GSH) on the plants that were treated with two salinity levels (0 and 100 mM NaCl) on their root medium. Plant growth parameters (leaf fresh weight, leaf dry weight, leaf number, total fresh weight, and total dry weight) were significantly improved by Asc compared with growth parameters in GSH and control plants. Higher concentrations of Na+ and Cl– were observed in salt-stressed plants, while Na+ and Cl– concentrations were decreased in the olive leaves that were sprayed with Asc. Salinity in the root zone caused a considerable decline in both K+ concentration and K/Na ratio. K+ concentration and K/Na ratio were significantly increased by application of Asc on plant leaves. Salinity caused an increase in electrolyte leakage (EL) compared with the control plants. Lowest EL and tissue water content (TWC) was obtained in Asc-sprayed plants, whereas TWC was increased in salt-stressed plants. Plants were subjected to salt stress and showed a higher relative water content (RWC) than the control plants. Salt stress induced proline accumulation in olive leaves. In conclusion, exogenous application of Asc is recommended to improve tolerance of olive plants under saline conditions. 相似文献