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SummaryPlasmid DNA (pARS108) containing the non-destructive selectable marker Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) gene, and a plasmid containing a cDNA of the Xa21 gene from rice (pXa21-mtaq) were co-transformed into ‘Hamlin’ orange protoplasts using polyethylene glycol (PEG). Alternatively, plasmid DNA (pAO3), containing both genes (GFP and Xa21) was directly transformed into ‘Hamlin’ orange protoplasts. Over 1,000 transgenic plantlets were regenerated from approx. 80 independent transformation events. The transgenic plants showed normal growth and stable GFP expression over more than 2 years in the greenhouse. This is the first report of a large population of transgenic ‘Hamlin’ sweet orange plants containing one or more target gene(s), using a protoplast-GFP transformation system. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) revealed the presence of the Xa21 cDNA and the GFP genes in all single plasmid transformed plants, and in 35% of the co-transformed plants. Southern blot analysis showed the integration of the cDNA into one-to-five different sites per plant.Western blot analysis showed the accumulation of the rice XA21 protein in the transgenic sweet orange plants. This is the first time that a gene from rice has been stably integrated and expressed in sweet orange plants. Using the protoplast-GFP transformation system, it is possible to avoid the use of Agrobacterium, antibiotic resistance genes, and destructive assay systems. 相似文献
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磷酸二氢钾对脐橙陷痕果发生及果皮细胞壁代谢的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究‘卡拉卡拉’（Citrus sinensis Osbeck‘Cara Cara’）和‘纽荷尔’（Citrus sinensis Osbeck ‘Newhall’）脐橙果实膨大期叶面喷施钾肥（0.2% KH2PO4）后,成熟期陷痕果发生率、果皮细胞壁物质成分、细胞壁代谢相关酶活性的变化规律及其关系。结果表明,KH2PO4处理对卡拉卡拉脐橙和纽荷尔脐橙的果皮厚度、硬度及其均匀度有不同程度的影响,卡拉卡拉脐橙的陷痕果发生率显著降低。纽荷尔脐橙的细胞壁代谢以及果皮力学性能受KH2PO4的影响较小,陷痕果率无显著变化。果皮果胶酶、纤维素酶、木聚糖酶、过氧化物酶活性的降低可以减缓果皮原果胶、纤维素和半纤维素成分的降解,降低果实成熟过程中果皮软化的速度,减少陷痕果的发生。 相似文献
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M. Agustí M. Juan A. Martínez-Fuentes C. Mesejo C. Reig V. Almela 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(3):532-536
Summary2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) isopropyl ester has been used extensively, since the 1950’s, to reduce mature fruit abscission in Citrus navel cultivars. However, this synthetic auxin is no longer registered for this purpose in the European Union (EU). 2,4-dichlorophenoxypropionic acid (2,4-DP) 2-ethylhexyl ester has been registered in the EU for use in citrus growing and can be an effective replacement for 2,4-D to reduce pre-harvest fruit abscission. Use of the 2-ethylhexyl ester of 2,4-DP sprayed before mature fruit abscission significantly reduced fruit drop in sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) ‘Washington navel’ and ‘Navelate’. The magnitude of the response depended on the concentration applied. At 15 mg l–1, the percentage of abscised fruit was reduced by 50–75% compared to untreated trees, depending on the variety and the orchard. Increasing the concentration applied to 50 mg l–1 did not improve this response. The response to this auxin was as effective as that obtained with 2,4-D applied on the same day at the same concentration (15 mg l–1). 2, 4-DP treatment had no effect on skin colour or on the internal and external characteristics of the fruit at harvest. 相似文献
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M. Agustí V. Almela M. Juan C. Mesejo A. Martinez-Fuentes 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(4):554-558
SummaryThe influence of three rootstocks, Carrizo citrange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb. × Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.), Cleopatra mandarin (Citrus reshni Hort. ex Tanaka) and sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.) on the incidence and severity of rind breakdown in ‘Navelate’ sweet oranges was studied over seven years in four orchards. The proportion of affected fruit was greater in trees on Carrizo citrange (60% on an average) followed by Cleopatra mandarin (38%) and then on sour orange (9%). There were also significant differences in the severity of the disorder among rootstocks; more than 35% and 20% of fruit from trees on Carrizo citrange and Cleopatra mandarin, respectively, were rejected for commercialization, whereas only 4% of fruit on sour orange was rejected. Cryo-scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fruit peduncles showed that average diameter of xylem vessel elements of peduncles of fruits on Carrizo citrange rootstock were 6% and 17% larger than those on Cleopatra mandarin and sour orange, respectively. Defoliation of fruit-bearing branches reduced water loss from fruit, maintained fruit peel water potential at a higher value than that of fruit on undefoliated branches and reduced the proportion and severity of affected fruit. It is concluded that fruit-tree water relationships are related to rind breakdown in ‘Navelate’ oranges and low fruit water content might be responsible for the disorder. 相似文献
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F. Di Gioia D. Buttaro O. Ayala P. Santamaria 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(6):477-482
SummaryHeirloom tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) such as ‘Cuore di Bue’ are highly appreciated by consumers for their outstanding quality and flavour. Nowadays, they are often grafted onto vigorous rootstocks in order to overcome several soil-borne diseases. The present study was conducted in 2007 and 2008 in Southern Italy. Plants of ‘Cuore di Bue’, an heirloom ‘oxheart’ tomato, were grown in a greenhouse either as non-grafted plants, or grafted onto two inter-specific (S. lycopersicum S. habrochaites) rootstocks (‘Beaufort F1’ and ‘Maxifort F1’) in order to evaluate their effects on vegetative growth, marketable yield, fruit quality, and the sensory properties of ‘Cuore di Bue’ tomato fruit. Growth analysis revealed that ‘Maxifort F1’ enhanced plant growth, particularly in terms of leaf area and leaf fresh weight. Grafted plants had higher leaf area ratios (by 13%) and higher leaf dry weight fractions (by 18%) compared to non-grafted ‘Cuore di Bue’ plants. Marketable yields increased by 20 – 25% in grafted plants in both years. However, total soluble solids (TSS) contents, titratable acidity (TA), and TSS/TA ratios were not significantly affected by grafting.Vitamin C contents decreased by 14 – 20% in both years in the fruit of plants grafted onto either rootstock. The sensory profiles of fruit were not modified by grafting, although taste panelists expressed a higher preference for purchasing fruit from plants grafted onto ‘Maxifort F1’. These results confirm that, when using the appropriate rootstock/scion combination, grafting can improve plant growth and the marketable yield of heirloom tomato fruit without reducing the sensory quality of the fruit or its biochemical parameters. However, grafting can reduce vitamin C contents and, thus, nutritional quality. 相似文献
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脐橙叶片镁、硼含量变化与缺素黄化的关系 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
以‘纽荷尔’和‘朋娜’脐橙品种为材料,研究了中亚热带季风区红壤果园的脐橙叶片镁和硼含量的动态变化,叶片镁和硼含量对叶绿素含量的影响及其与叶片缺素黄化的关系。两个品种的叶片含镁量均随叶龄增长而下降,6月果实进入膨大期后尤其明显,且与叶片黄化进程同步;叶片含硼量随叶龄增长而增加或稳定;两个品种的叶片含镁量与叶绿素含量呈极显著正相关（P < 0.01）,相关系数分别为0.9082和0.9063,而叶片含硼量与叶绿素含量相关不显著（P > 0.05）;缺镁是导致脐橙叶片缺素黄化的原因。 相似文献
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纽荷尔脐橙缺硼表现与其硼、糖含量年变化的关系 总被引：13，自引：4，他引：13
研究了赣南‘纽荷尔’和‘朋娜’脐橙果实及叶片的硼和可溶性糖含量的年变化。结果表明: 幼果期两品种果皮硼含量均较高, 之后果皮与果肉硼含量均趋下降, 但在果实膨大中后期均出现显著上升。纽荷尔越冬老叶硼含量趋明显下降并居较低水平, 而朋娜老叶硼含量变幅小且相对较高。果实膨大中后期两品种果皮和果肉的可溶性糖含量均与果实硼含量出现同步积累, 此时二者老叶和朋娜春梢叶的糖含量均出现低谷, 而对应纽荷尔春梢叶糖含量并无明显下降。 相似文献
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K. Hamada K. Hasegawa A. Kitajima T. Ogata 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(2):218-222
SummaryTo determine the anatomical basis for differences in fruit size in Japanese persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.), the number and sizes of parenchymal cells were measured in four astringent cultivars and in wild D. lotus over a single season in Japan. Fruit weight at harvest correlated with the final number of parenchymal cells (r = 0.95*) and their size (r = 0.92*). There was also a correlation between fruit diameter and the number of cell layers at full bloom (r = 0.93*), which increased 1.7 – 1.9-fold during fruit development.The duration of cell division and the sizes of the cells at full bloom were similar among the cultivars, whereas mean parenchymal cell lengths increased by 7.7-, 6.7-, 5.4-, 5.0- and 3.8-fold from full bloom to harvest in ‘Otanenashi’ (average fruit diameter = 96 mm), ‘Hiratanenashi’ (77 mm), ‘Saijo’ (54 mm), ‘Tsurunoko’ (44 mm), and D. lotus (20 mm), respectively. The final size of tannin cells was larger in ‘Otanenashi’ and ‘Hiratanenashi’ than in the other cultivars, including the wild species.These results indicate that the size of fruit at harvest was determined by the number of cells at full bloom, and their expansion during fruit development. 相似文献
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The objective of this work was to evaluate how disease resistance and reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism in harvested navel oranges (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) may be affected by chitosan. Fresh navel oranges were treated with 2% chitosan or 0.5% glacial acetic acid (control) solution for 1 min, and some were inoculated with Penicillium italicum and Penicillium digitatum. Then, the fruit were stored at 20 °C and 85–95% RH. Treatment with 2% chitosan significantly reduced the disease incidence and the lesion diameter compared with control fruit. This treatment effectively enhanced the activities of peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and levels of glutathione (GSH) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), inhibited the activities of catalase (CAT) and the decreases of ascorbate (AsA) content during navel orange fruits storage. Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity in the navel orange fruit was induced slightly by the chitosan treatment during 14–21 days storage. However, glutathione reductase (GR) activity in the fruit was not enhanced by the chitosan treatment. These results indicated that chitosan treatment could induce the navel orange fruit disease resistance by regulating the H2O2 levels, antioxidant enzyme and ascorbate–glutathione cycle. 相似文献
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Jian-Guo Li Bi-Yan Zhou Xu-Ming Huang Hui-Bai Huang 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(5):571-574
SummaryVariations in the concentrations of cytokinins (CTKs) and abscisic acid (ABA) were studied in the pericarp of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) fruit using the large-fruited cv. ‘Erdanli’ (55.3 g per fruit) and the small-fruited cv. ‘Huaizhi’ (20.9 g per fruit), as well as large fruit (32.4 g) from early blooms and small (20.8 g) fruit from late blooms on the same inflorescences of cv. ‘Feizixiao’ from the same commercial orchard in Guangdong, China in 2000. ‘Erdanli’ had higher concentrations of CTKs than cv. ‘Huaizhi’ on three out of six sampling dates during fruit development, and lower concentrations of abscisic acid (ABA) from 40 d after anthesis. In cv. ‘Feizixiao’, fruit from early blooms had higher concentration of CTKs than fruit from late blooms at all sampling dates, and lower concentrations of ABA on three out of five sampling dates. Therefore, the former had a higher CTK:ABA ratio. These data suggest that a high CTK:ABA ratio favours fruit growth in litchi. 相似文献
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David W. Burger 《Scientia Horticulturae》1985,25(1):71-76
Flowers of ‘Star Ruby’ grapefruit were hand-pollinated with ‘Valencia’ orange (C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck), ‘Marrs’ orange, ‘Ruby Red’ grapefruit (C. paradisi Macf.) and ‘Star Ruby’ grapefruit pollen. Flowers cross-pollinated with ‘Ruby Red’ pollen produced more fruit than did self-pollinated flowers. Flowers cross-pollinated with either ‘Marrs’ or ‘Valencia’ pollen did not produce as many fruit as ‘Ruby Red’-pollinated flowers, nor did they produce more fruit than self-pollinated or open-pollinated flowers. Few fruit were produced when ‘Star Ruby’ flowers were not hand-pollinated. Less than 0.5% of ‘Star Ruby’ pollen germinated in 15–25% sucrose solutions, whereas between 6 and 21% of the pollen from ‘Valencia’, ‘Marrs’ and ‘Ruby Red’ germinated. The number of fully-developed seeds per fruit was increased only when ‘Marrs’ pollen was used. These data show that ‘Star Ruby’ produces very little functional pollen and few functional ovules, and suggests that ‘Star Ruby’ has weak parthenocarpic ability. 相似文献
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Asghar Ramezanian Rahil Dadgar Fariborz Habibi 《International Journal of Fruit Science》2018,18(1):68-84
ABSTRACTTo evaluate the effects of preharvest foliar application of calcium chloride (CaCl2), potassium chloride (KCl), and salicylic acid (SA) on postharvest quantitative and qualitative attributes and storage life of “Washington navel” orange, an experiment was conducted during two consecutive years. Solutions including CaCl2 (1.5% and 3%), KCl (1.5% and 3%), SA (0.015%, 0.03% and 0.045%), and the combination of CaCl2, KCl, and SA were sprayed on the canopy at the end of the first stage of fruit growth one month after full bloom (fruit diameter was 20 mm) and repeated in late September. The fruits were harvested at commercial maturity stage and were stored at 5°C with 85 ± 5% relative humidity (RH) for 90 days. Quantitative and qualitative characteristics were assessed every month. Preharvest KCl treatment had no significant effect on measured parameters. However, CaCl2 and SA treatments had the most impact on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics, such as firmness and phenolic content of fruit during storage. The SA treatment enhanced fruit appearance and nutritional value compared to the control but could not prevent the weight loss during storage. The results showed that preharvest spray of CaCl2, KCl, SA, and their combination had positive effects on storability of “Washington navel” orange fruit during storage. However, the effect of Ca and SA was more. Application of Ca, K, and SA could be beneficial for orange postharvest instead of mixed elements fertilizers. 相似文献
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T. Wallace 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(2):184-198
SummaryGrafting is a suitable method to control soil-borne diseases in melon (Cucumis melo L.) crops. To date, several Cucurbita species and their inter-specific hybrids have been tested as rootstocks. However, graft-scion incompatibility and lower fruit quality have prevented their commercial use. The wild accession ‘Pat 81’ ssp. agrestis of C. melo is highly resistant to Monosporascus cannonballus Pollack et Uecker root rot, and develops a root system that is more suitable to withstand infested soils than that of cultivated melon. The potential of ‘Pat 81’ as a rootstock for melons (e.g., ‘Piel de Sapo’ type, C. melo ssp. melo) compared with the popular rootstock ‘RS 841’ (Cucurbita maxima Cucurbita moschata) has been evaluated here. The response of grafted plants to Monosporascus root rot disease, and rootstock effects on plant performance and fruit quality have been investigated using both classical methods and modern technologies (e.g., root image analysis and real-time PCR). The results indicate that, during infection, the root system of ‘Pat 81’ adapts to the needs of the aerial part of the ‘Piel de Sapo’ scion, displays a high level of resistance to M. cannonballus (similar to ‘RS 841’), and provides the plant with more healthy roots, with a higher root/vine biomass ratio compared with non-grafted ‘Piel de Sapo’. In addition, ‘Pat 81’ rootstock retains its favourable root structure (i.e., larger total length and root area) to withstand soil stress. In healthy soils, ‘Pat 81’ rootstocks had less effect on fruit quality than ‘RS 841’, leading to a lower percentage of non-marketable products. The high resistance of ‘Pat 81’, and its reduced effect on fruit quality, point to it as a good rootstock for the grafting of melons to resist M. Cannonballus infested soils. 相似文献
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T. Nishizawa T. Kobayashi T. Aikawa 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(3):500-508
SummaryFruit development and physiological traits were evaluated in ‘Andesu’ netted melon plants grown with and without calcium. Calcium exclusion accelerated softening, alcoholic fermentation and ethylene evolution of fruit compared with those supplied with calcium, but the opposite trend occurred with sucrose accumulation. A significant difference of calcium concentrations in the fruit between treatments was observed at the developing stage of the fruit (P<0.05), but the difference became smaller as fruit matured. In the mesocarp tissue from the basal hemisphere, calcium concentrations in the NaCl soluble fraction at ripe fruit stage differed significantly (P<0.05) between calcium treatments but no significant difference was detected in the inner mesocarp of the distal hemisphere. Calcium exclusion did not lead to the development of water-soaked symptoms in the mesocarp tissue of ripe fruit. Uronic acid concentrations in ionically bound pectin fraction did not differ between calcium treatments throughout fruit development. In covalently-bound pectin fraction, however, uronic acid concentration of ripe fruit was significantly lower in calcium-excluded plants than in calcium-supplied plants (P<0.05). Our results suggest that: first, accelerated fruit softening under calcium deficient conditions might result from promoted ethylene evolution rather than from the shortage of ionically-bound calcium in cell walls, second, calcium deficient condition does not necessarily lead to water-soaked symptoms in tissue of ‘Andesu’ melon fruit. 相似文献