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1.
利用叶绿素荧光预测水蜜桃果实冷害研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用叶绿素荧光技术检测冷藏条件下水蜜桃冷害发生进程中初始荧光（Fv）、最大荧光（Fm）、可变荧光（Fv = Fm/Fo）、光化学效率（Fv/Fm）等叶绿素荧光动力学参数的变化,分析了叶绿素荧光参数与果肉出汁率的相关性以及与呼吸作用的关系。研究结果发现,在冷藏过程中,叶绿素荧光参数都呈下降趋势,冷害发生以后,Fm和Fv/Fm下降速度加快,而中途加温处理能够缓解Fm和Fv/Fm降低。同时,Fm和Fv/Fm与果肉出汁率之间存在显著的正相关,利用测定Fm和Fv/Fm能够初步预测冷害的发生情况。 相似文献
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在水淹和干旱条件下对加拿大一枝黄花的光合和荧光参数的影响进行了研究.结果表明:一定时间内,水淹促进了加拿大一枝黄花生长,而干旱胁迫可严重抑制植株的生长,表现为15 d的水分胁迫试验中,水淹植物的叶绿素含量、光下可变荧光与光下最大荧光的比值Fv'/Fm’、表观光合电子传递速率ETR、光化学淬灭系数qP和净光合速率NPR增加,最小荧光值Fo下降,可变荧光与最大荧光之比值Fv/Fm变化不大;而干旱胁迫植物的叶绿素含量、Fv'/Fm'、Fv/Fm、ETR、qP和NPR下降,Fo值上升,处理15 d后植株死亡. 相似文献
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以“农大6号”和“农大7号”欧李为试材,采用温室有机栽培的方法,设置4个栽植密度(0.5m×0.5m、0.5m×1.0m、0.5m×1.5m、1.0m×1.0m),对欧李的生长指标(株高、地径、冠幅)、叶面积(LA)、比叶面积(SLA)、叶片干物质含量(LDMC)、叶绿素含量(SPAD)及荧光指标(Fo、Fm、Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo、qN、qP、ETR)进行了测定,以探究栽植密度对温室有机欧李生长及光能利用的影响,为其高效生产栽培提供参考依据。结果表明:不同栽植密度对欧李的生长及光能利用均有显著影响,且因品种而异。“农大6号”的生长及对光能的利用随密度减小先增大后减小。栽植密度为0.5m×0.5m时,其地径、冠幅、LA、SLA均最小,荧光参数Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo最小,qN值最大;当密度减小至0.5m×1.5m时,“农大6号”的株高、地径、冠幅均最大,LA、SLA、SPAD值最高,且地径、冠幅显著高于其它密度(P<0.05),荧光参数Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo值最大,qN值最小;密度减小至1.0m×1.0m时,各指标均有不同程度的下降。“农大7号”的生长及对光能的利用随密度的减小而增大。0.5m×0.5 m密度下地径、冠幅、LA、SLA、SPAD值最低,ETR、qP、qN值均较大;1.0m×1.0m密度下地径、冠幅、LA值均最大,SPAD值最高,荧光参数Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo、ETR值最大,qN值最小。温室有机栽培模式下,“农大6号”和“农大7号”的适宜栽培密度分别为0.5m×1.5m、1.0m×1.0m。在欧李的温室生产栽培中,应根据品种确定合理的栽植密度以确保植株生长良好及效益最大化。 相似文献
4.
以日光温室栽培的"克瑞森"无核葡萄为试材,在其果实膨大期(6月18日)、转色期前(7月2日)、转色期(7月12日)对叶片进行清水和不同pH(5.5、6.0、6.5、7.0)的ALA喷施处理,研究不同pH的ALA处理对葡萄叶片光合及叶绿素荧光特性的影响。结果表明:不同pH的ALA处理均会不同程度地提高光合参数包括净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和荧光参数包括最大荧光(Fm)、潜在光化学活性(Fv/Fo)、最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、实际光化学效率(Y(Ⅱ))、光化学猝灭系数(qP),非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ),降低最小荧光(Fo),其中以pH 5.5的ALA处理作用效果最为显著。 相似文献
5.
George Nyarko Peter G. Alderson Jim Craigon Erik Murchie Debbie L. Sparkes 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(5):678-682
SummaryCell membrane thermostability (CMT) and chlorophyll fluorescence (CF) were determined for ten lines of cabbage in order to select heat-tolerant varieties, to provide an improved method to screen for heat tolerance, and to determine whether there is a relationship between CMT and CF. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, especially variable fluorescence (Fv) and the ratio between Fv and maximum fluorescence (Fm), were found to be better than CMT for screening cabbage lines for heat tolerance. Fv values and the Fv/Fm ratio of stressed plants corresponded to high heat damage for the varieties ‘HRI 002605’, ‘HRI 003202’, and ‘HRI 007827’; and to low heat damage for the varieties ‘HRI 013011’, ‘HRI 005237’, and ‘HRI 006556’. The latter group may therefore be more tolerant of high temperature stress in the tropics. There were significant relationships (P < 0.05) between relative injury (RI), an index of CMT, and two of the CF parameters [miniumum florescence (Fo) and Fv/Fm] under stress conditions (35° – 40°C). This suggests that parameters measured under stress temperatures are more reliable than those measured under non-stressed conditions when determining heat tolerance. 相似文献
6.
J. Bai J. P. Mattheis N. Reed 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(6):959-964
Summary‘Bartlett’ and ‘d’Anjou’ pears treated with 300 nl l–1 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) did not soften to eating quality within 7 d, a desirable ripening period. A pre-conditioning method was evaluated as a means to re-initiate the softening ability of pears prior to marketing. Fruit were treated with 1-MCP and stored at –1°C in regular air, or in a controlled atmosphere for 2 – 9 months. After storage, fruit were pre-conditioned with nine temperature (10°, 15° or 20°C) and time (5, 10 or 20 d) combinations. Pre-conditioned fruit were then assessed for ripening ability following storage for 14 d at 20°C. The ripening ability of 1-MCP-treated ‘Bartlett’ fruit recovered in response to many pre-conditioning combinations of 10° – 20°C for 10 – 20 d, as indicated by a decrease in flesh firmness to 27 N or lower. The requirements for pre-conditioning regimes are storage atmosphere- and time-dependent. For ‘d’Anjou’ pears, no pre-conditioning combination resulted in re-initiating the ripening of fruit treated with 300 nl l–1 1-MCP. However, when the 1-MCP dose was 50 nl l–1, ‘d’Anjou’ pears ripened over an extended shelf-period with a substantial decrease in superficial scald. The results indicate that treatment with 1-MCP at approx. 50 nl l–1, combined with a pre-conditioning prior to marketing, is a potential means to control scald in ‘d’Anjou’ fruit. Re-initiation of ripening occurred concomitantly with a substantial increase in ethylene production. The control of superficial scald by 1-MCP in ‘d’Anjou’ pears was due to the inhibition of the biosynthesis of -farnesene and conjugated trienes. 相似文献
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一品红不同品种叶片叶绿素荧光特性比较 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
利用叶绿素荧光技术测定了一品红4个品种‘金多利’、‘圣诞天使’、‘索诺拉飞雪’、‘旗帜’叶片光强依赖的叶绿素荧光特性。结果表明: ‘金多利’初始荧光( Fo ) 、最大荧光( Fm ) 和可变荧光( Fv ) 值极显著高于其它3个品种。在各个光强( PAR, 0～2 171μmol·m- 2 ·s- 1 ) 下, 表观电子传递速率( rETR) 、实际光化学效率(Yield) 和光化学淬灭( qP ) 的变化趋势一致, 均为‘金多利’ > ‘圣诞天使’ > ‘索诺拉飞雪’ > ‘旗帜’, 在高PAR下这种差异更明显。拟合参数最大潜在相对电子传递速率( rETRmax ) 、半饱和光强( Ik) 和光抑制参数(β) 也同rETR等具有一致变化。说明‘金多利’有较高的PSⅡ活性, 耐强光; 而‘旗帜’则光化学效率较弱, 高光强下易受光抑制。 相似文献
9.
A. B. Truter J. C. Combrink S. A. Burger 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(3):581-587
Summary‘Granny Smith’ apples were harvested at weekly intervals, commencing approximately 155 d after full bloom (DFFB), over two successive seasons. Subsamples of the fruit were stored for periods of five and six months, without the application of diphenylamine, under regular atmosphere (RA) (1990/91 season only), and ultra-low oxygen (ULO) controlled atmosphere (CA) conditions. Further samples were subjected to initial low oxygen stress (ILOS) conditions before ULO CA storage. During the 1989/90 season, scald development after five months’ storage was low for fruit which had been picked in the pre- and post-maturity phases, but high on fruit picked at optimum maturity (170 DFFB). Although storage regime had little effect on scald development after five months’ storage, the ILOS + ULO CA treatment resulted in lower levels of scald on the post-mature fruit after six months of storage than was the case under ULO CA storage alone. There was more scald in the 1990/91 season than in the previous season. Under RA storage conditions, scald levels were high after both five and six months of storage, and decreased only slightly the later the apples were picked. Relative to RA, storage under ULC CA conditions led to markedly lower scald levels on the post-mature fruit, but did not greatly reduce scald on the pre-mature and mature fruit. Storage under the ILOS + ULO CA regime, however, conferred low levels of superficial scald on pre-mature, mature and post-mature fruit after both five and six months of storage. These results suggest that although superficial scald on ‘Granny Smith’ apples can be inhibited by a combination of ILOS and ULO CA storage, the development of scald is also affected by factors other than maturity and storage period. 相似文献
10.
Summary‘Reinette du Canada’ apple (Malus domestica Borkh.), which has been declared a Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) product throughout the European Community, is severely affected by bitter pit during storage, but increasing demand for organic produce requires chemical post-harvest treatments to be replaced with organic practices. The objective of this work was to determine the optimum stage of fruit maturity to improve the storability of high quality ‘Reinette du Canada’ apple during storage without applying post-harvest treatments. Seasonal conditions influenced fruit quality and the occurrence of storage disorders in ‘Reinette du Canada’. Harvest maturity also influenced the quality of ‘Reinette du Canada’ apple during storage, with later harvests reducing the development of bitter pit and increasing the soluble solids content:titratable acidity (SSC:TA) ratio. This study suggests that the SSC:TA ratio was a useful parameter for determining the optimum harvest maturity for high acidity, ‘Reinette du Canada’ apple. High quality fruit were obtained after long-term storage when the SSC:TA ratio exceeded 11.0, and fruit firmness at harvest exceeded 90 N. If these thresholds were not achieved, the quality of harvested ‘Reinette du Canada’ apples may not be sufficient to market fruit with the PDO designation. The results of our study also suggested that skin hue angle (hº) measurements may provide a quick and useful index that could replace fruit firmness measurements in the future. 相似文献
11.
淹水对不同葫芦科作物叶绿素荧光特性的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
在温室条件下,研究了根部淹水3d及淹水恢复3d后对黄瓜、丝瓜、苦瓜、黑籽南瓜叶绿素荧光参数的影响。结果表明,淹水对黄瓜、黑籽南瓜造成的胁迫最大,其光适应下初始荧光（F0’）、光适应下最大荧光（Fm’）、表观光合电子传递速率（ETR）、实际光化学量子产量（Yeild）、光化学猝灭系数（qP）显著降低,非光化学猝灭系数（qN）极显著升高;丝瓜表现为最耐淹水,苦瓜次之;淹水恢复3d后,黄瓜、黑籽南瓜的光系统II最大光化学效率（Fv／Fm）和其对照出现显著性差异,说明淹水对其光抑制的表现可能在恢复时才显现出来;试验中黄瓜恢复最慢,而黑籽南瓜恢复相对较快;淹水对黑籽南瓜胁迫较重可能和其处理时叶片数量较多有关。 相似文献
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《International Journal of Fruit Science》2013,13(3):3-18
Abstract 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), an ethylene action inhibitor, was applied to ‘d’Anjou' pears (Pyrus communis L.) at 20°C between 2 and 5 days after harvest. Scald of ‘d’Anjou' pears was completely controlled by 1-MCP at a concentration between 0.05 and 0.3 µl l1 after a prolonged cold storage plus 7 days of exposure to an environment with or without 500 µl l1 ethylene at a temperature of 20°C or 25°C. 1-MCP inhibited the biosyntheses of α-farnesene and its oxidative products (conjugated trienes) and thus controlled scald. However, fruit treated with the above concentrations of 1-MCP did not ripen normally in an environment with or without ethylene. Ethylene production and fruit softening of 1-MCP-treated ‘d’Anjou' pears were inhibited during 7 and 15 days at 20°C. ‘d’Anjou' fruit treated with 0.01 and 0.02 µl l1 1-MCP ripened normally on day 7 at 20°C after 3 months of cold storage at ? 1°C, and ripened fruit did not develop any incidence of scald. Untreated fruit developed substantial scald. After 4 months of storage or longer, both untreated fruit and fruit treated with 0.01 and 0.02 µl l 1 1-MCP developed an unacceptable incidence of scald upon ripening. Thus, use of other scald control methods may be necessary in addition to treatment with a low dosage of 1-MCP to insure both normal ripening and scald control for d'Anjou pear fruit from the Mid-Columbia district. 相似文献
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不同茄子品种幼苗耐热性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以45 ℃/36 ℃（昼/夜）的温度对4个茄子品种进行胁迫处理,研究了高温胁迫对茄子的热害指数、电解质渗透率、SOD活性、MDA含量及叶绿素荧光参数的影响。结果表明,高温处理后,茄子热害指数、电解质渗透率及MDA含量显著上升,耐热品种上升幅度低于不耐热品种;SOD活性显著降低,恢复2 d后耐热品种06-E417和紫妃1号的SOD活性比处理前上升了20.3 %和20.7 %,不耐热品种则没有表现这种趋势。高温胁迫后,茄子Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo、ΦPSⅡ、qP、ETR及Fv’/Fm’均显著降低,耐热品种降低的幅度低于不耐热品种,表明在高温胁迫后耐热品种具有较高的光系统Ⅱ活性。 相似文献
14.
This study involved storing samples of ‘Cox's Orange Pippin’ from the 1974 and 1975 crops from each of 2 rootstock trials. After 12 weeks cool storage, the samples were examined for bitter pit and internal breakdown.In the high-pit year 1974, ‘Cox's Orange’ on ‘M.16’ and ‘MM.115’ had significantly more pit and breakdown than when grown on ‘MM.106’, ‘MM.112’ and ‘MM.114’, with fruit from ‘MM.104’ in between the 2 groups. However, in the low-pit year 1975 there were no differences. In the second trial in 1974, ‘Cox's Orange’ on ‘M.16’ had significantly more pit and breakdown than when on ‘Northern Spy’, ‘MM.109’ and ‘M.7’. In the following year there were no differences in the incidence of pit, but fruit from ‘M.7’ and ‘M.2’ had more breakdown than from other rootstocks in this trial. 相似文献
15.
低温弱光下辣椒幼苗叶绿素荧光特性及其与品种耐性的关系 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
选取4份耐低温弱光性不同的辣椒品种,以耐低温弱光指数作为品种耐性鉴定的依据,研究了四叶一心期,昼/夜温度10 ℃/5 ℃,光照70 μmol ? m-2 ? s-1的低温弱光下叶片叶绿素荧光特性,分析了其与耐低温弱光指数的关系。结果表明,低温弱光处理后,辣椒叶片的初始荧光（Fo）、最大荧光（Fm）、光合系统Ⅱ（PSⅡ）最大光化学量子产量（Fv/Fm）和光化学淬灭系数（qP）呈降低趋势;非光化学淬灭系数（qN）在处理3和5 d显著上升,处理7 d,非耐性品种qN显著下降,耐性品种qN显著上升或无显著变化;最大相对电子传递速率（rETRmax）和快速光响应曲线初始斜率（α）呈下降趋势;半饱和光强（Ik）在非耐性品种中呈下降趋势,但在耐性品种中呈上升趋势;随着光照强度不断增强,qP不断下降,但耐性品种发生完全光抑制的光强显著大于非耐性品种。Fo、Fm、qP、qN、Fv/Fm、rETRmax、α、Ik等叶绿素荧光参数与耐低温弱光指数显著相关,其中rETRmax最稳定灵敏。qP光响应曲线和rETRmax可作为实际生产中辣椒耐低温弱光的主要筛选指标。 相似文献
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不同种植密度对薄皮甜瓜品质及产量的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在冀西北坝上地区露地以薄皮甜瓜"真甜王"和"红城5号"为试材,采用双蔓整枝,设行距为1.0 m,株距为3水平,即B1:0.35 m,B2:0.40 m,B3:0.45 m共6个处理,研究了不同种植密度对薄皮甜瓜果实发育、光合特性、产量和折光糖度的影响.结果表明:在行距一定的情况下,适当加大株距,有利于甜瓜果实的膨大,有利于提高果实的折光糖度.在同一行距条件下,适当增加株距,会引起Fo的降低,Fv,Fm,Fv/Fm和Fv/Fo的增加,提高了净光合速率,有利于产量的提高,但过分加大株距效果不明显. 相似文献
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以耐旱的“胡红”和对干旱敏感的“洛阳红”2个不同抗性的牡丹品种为试材,研究了高温干旱协同胁迫下的牡丹叶片PSII功能及光能分配特性,以期为提高干旱胁迫下的牡丹抗性提供理论依据和实践支持。结果表明:高温干旱胁迫引起了2种牡丹叶片PSⅡ初始荧光(F0)、光下叶片初始荧光(F0′)、非光化学猝灭系数(qN)、天线热耗散百分率(Hd)、反应中心非光化学耗散百分率(Ex)的增加和最大荧光(Fm)、可变荧光(Fv)、暗适应最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ实际光能转换效率(Fv′/Fm′)、叶绿素荧光光化学猝灭系数(qP)、表观光合电子传递速率(ETR)的降低。胁迫前4d2个牡丹品种具有一定的光合保护机制,PSⅡ叶绿素荧光能量分配与对照无显著差异,PSⅡ功能没受到影响。但6d后光合保护机制受损严重,叶绿素荧光能量分配变化显著,Hd逐渐增加第12天时“胡红”和“洛阳红”分别比对照增加118.9%、153.0%。Pc和ETR逐渐降低,第12天时“胡红”Pc、ETR和“洛阳红”Pc、ETR分别比对照降低70.7%、73.8%和84.9%、97.2%。说明进入PSⅡ反应中心的能量减少,通过天线热耗散的能量增多,PSⅡ功能受抑。胁迫中后期2个牡丹品种间叶绿素荧光能量分配差异显著,抗性较差的“洛阳红”Hd和Ex百分率高于抗性较强的“胡红”,Ex增加造成光合机构更严重的可逆失活及破坏。表明抗性较强的“胡红”比抗性较弱的“洛阳红”,遭受高温干旱胁迫时光抑制程度更低,仍能维持相对较高的PSⅡ实际光能转换效率。 相似文献
19.
D. S. Johnson M. S. Ridout 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(5):622-630
SummaryAn experiment was carried out over a six year period to relate the storage quality of ‘Cox’s Orange Pippin’ apples to the mineral composition of leaves, fruitlets and fruits and to the climatic conditions during development. The apples were sampled from 24 orchards over a wide geographic area. The extent to which physiological disorders, bitter pit and low temperature breakdown (LTB), and quality attributes, greenness and firmness, of stored fruit could be predicted either before or at harvest was determined. For each response variable, a short-list of up to 12 potential explanatory variables was selected from an initial set of up to 54 possible explanatory variables, using stepwise regression techniques. Predictive models were generated by selecting variables from the initial short-list using a cross validation technique. The average incidence of bitter pit in controlled atmosphere (CA) storage at 1.2% O2 (<1% CO2) was 4% compared with 12% for similar samples stored in air. Predictive models accounted for up to 67% of the variance in bitter pit in air-stored fruit but the percentage was lower (39%) for fruit stored in CA. The concentrations of calcium and potassium in fruit were particularly important for predicting bitter pit in air-stored fruit but less so for fruit stored in CA where more explanatory variables were required for prediction. Fifty one per cent of the variance of LTB in fruit stored in CA was accounted for by a nine-variable model incorporating three climatic variables. A simple three-variable model (leaf nitrogen concentration, harvest firmness and fruit dry weight) accounted for 67% of the variance in ex-store firmness and the addition of other nutritional and climatic variables increased the percentage variance accounted for to 76%. Seventy-one per cent of the variance in the greenness of fruit after CA storage was accounted for by a six-variable model. The possible physiological significance of the explanatory variables in each model is discussed. 相似文献
20.
高温胁迫对甜椒光合作用和叶绿素荧光的影响 总被引：60，自引：3，他引：57
研究了35、40、45 和50 ℃高温处理0～60min 对甜椒净光合速率(Pn) 、细胞间隙CO2 浓度(Ci) 、气孔导度(Gs) 、蒸腾速率(Tr) 以及叶绿素荧光参数的影响。结果表明,35 和40 ℃处理下, Pn 随Ci 的下降而下降, 而45 和50 ℃处理下, Pn 明显下降, 但Ci 在45 ℃下变化不大, 50 ℃下增加, Gs 的变化与Tr 呈显著正相关。表明在严重的高温胁迫下光合抑制主要是由于非气孔限制引起, 而在胁迫较轻时, 可能主要是通过气孔限制。蒸腾作用对气孔导度的敏感性高于光合作用。叶绿素荧光参数Fv/ Fm、Fm、Fo 在35 和40 ℃处理下变化不大,而45 和50 ℃处理下Fv/ Fm、Fm明显下降, 但Fo 上升, 处理结束后置于25 ℃下24 h 后都能得到恢复, 表明短期高温下光系统II 的可逆性失活是光抑制的主要原因。 相似文献