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1.
以薄皮甜瓜果实为试材,用外源乙烯、脱落酸以及乙醇对采后薄皮甜瓜果实进行处理后于常温(23±1)℃条件下贮藏,研究贮藏期间各组薄皮甜瓜果实硬度及相关酶活性变化情况,以期为薄皮甜瓜采后果实品质的维持及保鲜技术的完善与应用提供参考依据.结果 表明:贮藏期间,薄皮甜瓜果实硬度呈降低趋势;脱落酸(ABA)处理的果实硬度与果实中聚半乳糖醛酸酶(PG)、果胶酯酶(PME)、β-半乳糖苷酶(β-Gal)、β-D-葡聚糖酶(EGase)、淀粉酶活性升高相关,且ABA主要促进了贮藏前期果实中EGase以及淀粉酶活性,加速了原果胶、淀粉的分解,促进了贮藏前期果实的软化;而乙烯(ETH)处理果实硬度的降低与果实中PG、β-Gal活性明显呈负相关,且ABA和ETH处理均能通过提高果实贮藏前期LOX活性和电导率影响了果实硬度,可能存在羟自由基氧化作用对果实硬度的影响.在贮藏后期,ABA和ETH处理对果实软化的作用相似.乙醇(EtOH)则通过抑制PG、PME、β-Gal、EGase、淀粉酶以及LOX活性,延缓了果实可溶性果胶和可溶性糖以及电导率的升高,维持了薄皮甜瓜果实硬度.综上可知,ABA和ETH调控薄皮甜瓜果实软化的酶调系统存在差异,而EtOH能通过降低果胶及淀粉代谢酶活性抑制羟自由基的作用,进而减缓了果实软化进程,维持了果实硬度. 相似文献
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梨采后细胞壁成分及果胶酶活性与果肉质地的关系 总被引：18，自引：1，他引：18
以果实质地有明显差异的‘黄花’和‘湘南’梨为试材, 研究了细胞壁组分、钙含量、果实硬度以及果胶代谢酶类活性的变化。结果表明, 两品种上述指标有相同的变化趋势, 但还存在以下差异: 1) 贮藏性差的黄花梨纤维素含量、原果胶含量、果实硬度相对较低, 而果实钙含量、水溶性果胶含量较高; 2) 黄花梨木质素含量较高, 且生成木质素的速率较快; 3) 黄花梨果实的多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(PG) 活性在贮藏前期极显著高于湘南梨果实, 末期两品种差异较小, 而果胶甲酯酶(PME) 活性极显著高于湘南梨。 相似文献
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【目的】了解甜樱桃在果实发育过程中质地变化与果实细胞壁组分及其降解酶活性的关系。【方法】以硬肉型品种‘美早’、常规型品种‘红灯’和软肉型品种‘佳红’为试材,分别在硬核期、转白期、着色期和成熟期对果实硬度、细胞壁组分以及细胞壁降解酶活性进行了测定分析。【结果】‘美早’硬度降低速率较慢,成熟期硬度高于其他2个品种,WSP升高速率、纤维素降解速率低,PME、α-L-Af、Cx、β-Gal活性低。‘红灯’硬度降低速率较快,在果实发育后期硬度低于‘美早’,WSP升高速率与纤维素降解速率高,PME、α-L-Af活性高。‘佳红’在转白期硬度迅速降低且后期质地软,它的纤维素降解速率高,PME、α-L-Af、Cx、β-Gal在转白期之后活性较高。【结论】甜樱桃果实成熟过程中,原果胶的降解和纤维素的水解是果实软化的关键因素。果实细胞壁组分降解是多种酶协同作用的结果。PME和α-L-Af与‘红灯’和‘佳红’硬度显著负相关,并且活性在‘美早’中显著低于其他2个品种,这可能是果实硬度较高的主要原因。纤维素和原果胶降解速率低,PG活性高和β-Gal活性低可能是导致硬度高的次要原因。Cx酶活由于在‘红灯’中并没有显著影响到到果实硬度,而在‘佳红’和‘美早’中产生了不同的影响,可能是品种间的差别。 相似文献
5.
梨果实在贮藏过程中细胞壁成分的变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了比较耐贮性不同的梨在贮藏过程中细胞壁成分的变化,以苹果梨和新高为试材,利用乙醇不溶性物质(alcoholinsolublesolids,AIS)分析了梨果实细胞壁组成成分的变化。结果表明,2品种在贮藏过程中AIS含量差异和变化不明显;耐贮性强的苹果梨的AIS中总果胶含量和碱溶性果胶含量高,水溶性果胶含量极显著低,而EDTA可溶性果胶含量在贮藏过程中均很少,且在整个过程中无多大变化;纤维素在梨贮藏中变化不大,而半纤维素含量有较大变化,但似乎与梨的耐贮性的关系不大。 相似文献
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京白梨果实采后PG、糖苷酶和LOX活性变化及其基因表达特性 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以京白梨为试材,测定贮藏期间果实多聚半乳糖醛酸酶（PG）、糖苷酶（β-Gal、α-L-Af）及脂氧合酶（LOX）活性及其基因表达变化及对1-MCP和低温的响应。结果表明,果实软化呈慢（3 d内）、快（3 ~ 9 d）、慢（9 d后）的变化趋势;PG、β-Gal、α-L-Af和LOX活性及其基因表达量均随果实软化呈不同程度增加,且β-Gal和LOX的活性均在果实采收后3 d内上升快,其基因的表达量亦迅速增加,由此认为β-Gal和LOX可能在果实软化早期起着更为重要的作用。经1-MCP处理和冷藏后,β-Gal、α-L-Af、LOX和PG的活性及基因表达显著受抑,延缓了果实软化进程,且1-MCP对β-Gal和LOX的抑制作用最强烈,尤其在处理前期。在果实冷藏过程中PG和β-Gal活性基本维持原有水平,其基因表达在贮藏前期受到抑制,LOX活性和基因表达均维持在极低水平,说明LOX对低温较其它酶敏感。因此认为,PG、β-Gal、α-L-Af和LOX均不同程度地参与了京白梨果实的后熟软化,在早期软化阶段β-Gal和LOX可能起着更为重要的作用,1-MCP对β-Gal和LOX活性和基因表达具有更显著的调控作用,而低温可能主要是通过抑制LOX活性和基因表达来抑制果实软化。 相似文献
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以黑莓品种'Hull'为试材,采用阿魏酸和那他霉素浸泡黑莓果实,测定了果实细胞壁成分和细胞壁降解酶的活性,研究了采后处理对黑莓果实细胞壁的作用,以期阐明采后处理提高黑莓果实硬度的作用机制.结果 表明:阿魏酸和那他霉素处理后果实中纤维素和果胶含量高于对照组.阿魏酸处理可显著降低α-L-阿拉伯呋喃糖苷酶(α-L-Af)活性;那他霉素处理可显著降低β-半乳糖苷酶(β-Gal)和β-甘露聚糖酶(β-Man)活性;阿魏酸和那他霉素联用可以显著降低多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(PG)、果胶甲酯酶(PME)和纤维素酶(Cx)活性,提高木葡聚糖内糖基转移酶(XET)活性.综上所述,阿魏酸和那他霉素处理可以下调黑莓果实中的细胞壁降解酶活性,提高细胞壁保护酶活性,抑制果胶、半纤维素和纤维素的分解,从而延缓黑莓果实软化. 相似文献
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《北方园艺》2020,(15)
以不同软化阶段的软枣猕猴桃果实为试材,采用分光光度法测定了多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(Polygalacturonase,PG)、β-半乳糖苷酶(β-galactosidase,β-gal)和果胶甲酯酶(Pectin methylesterase,PME)活性,采用RT-PCR法对其控制基因克隆,并对不同成熟阶段的表达进行了分析,以期探讨软枣猕猴桃果实软化机理。结果表明:软枣猕猴桃果实软化中PME和β-gal在软化初期出现活性高峰,PG在软化期形成活性高峰,而且成功克隆得到了软枣猕猴桃PG和β-gal的基因序列。NCBI Blast结果表明与中华猕猴桃PG基因和β-gal基因的一致性分别大于95%和90%。PG基因的半定量分析表明PG基因的转录表达与PG活性协同一致,说明在软枣猕猴桃果实中PG基因的表达是转录水平上调控的;而β-gal基因的半定量分析表明β-gal活性波峰结果一致,但是与果实软化过程中β-gal保持较高的酶活性结果不一致,说明β-gal基因的表达不仅受到转录水平的调控,还可能受到翻译水平上的调控。 相似文献
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苹果果实β-Gal和LOX活性变化特性及其与果实软化的关系 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
以‘富士’和‘金冠’苹果果实为试材, 研究了β-半乳糖苷酶(β-Gal) 和脂氧合酶(LOX) 在果实发育、成熟和软化过程中的变化规律及采后乙烯调控对其活性的影响。结果表明: 在果实发育后熟过程中, 金冠果实β-Gal活性显著高于富士, 在果实后熟软化期间这种差异尤为突出; 而富士和金冠果实LOX活性呈相似的变化规律, 虽然花后富士的活性高峰显著高于金冠, 但之后其活性下降迅速,并一直低于金冠。采后苹果果实β-Gal和LOX均受乙烯调控, 乙烯抑制剂1-MCP极显著地抑制β-Gal和LOX的活性, 而乙烯利对二者活性起促进作用, 但因品种耐藏性不同其促进效应不同。综合来看, 苹果果实β-Gal和LOX活性表现相似的变化规律, 并且β-Gal在果实贮藏初期受乙烯的调控作用较LOX显著, 因此认为在苹果果实软化早期β-Gal的作用可能大于LOX。 相似文献
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以采收期果实硬度迅速下降的‘软肉3号’和仍保持较高硬度的‘秋金星’山楂果实为试材，通过对发育期果实软化相关酶的活性分析，研究了‘软肉3号’果实的软化特点，以期为山楂果实的软化机理研究提供参考依据。结果表明：‘软肉3号’果实在盛花后100 d迅速变软，而‘秋金星’果实的硬度在盛花后120 d缓慢下降，且显著高于‘软肉3号’;多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(PG)在‘软肉3号’中先呈现较低的活性，后伴随果实硬度的快速下降而大幅上升，而其在‘秋金星’中保持较高活性；果胶甲酯酶(PME)在‘软肉3号’中的活性较稳定且均高于‘秋金星’;纤维素酶(Cx)活性在2个品种中均先下降后上升，伴随果实的成熟活性显著升高；β-半乳糖苷酶(β-Gal)在‘软肉3号’的活性较低，在‘秋金星’果实的活性较高，且随果实的成熟急剧上升；脂氧合酶(LOX)均在盛花后60 d出现活性高峰，且伴随果实的成熟出现小幅度上升。综上所述，‘软肉3号’山楂果实质地的改变可能受PG、PME和Cx等多种酶的共同影响和调控。 相似文献
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AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β-particles emission from 188Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by 188Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [3H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of 188Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from 188 Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G0/G1 arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation. 相似文献
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AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration. 相似文献
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AIM: To examine the autoantibody against α1-adrenoceptor and its biologic activities during the development of renal hypertension. METHODS: Renal hypertension of rat was achieved by clipped renal artery, the titre of autoantibody to α1-adrenoceptor was detected using ELISA immunoassay. Furthermore, the biological offects of these autoantibodies on cultured cardiomyocytes were also examined. RESULTS: After two weeks of clipping renal arteries, both the frequency of occurrence and the titre of autoantibodies to cardiac α1-adrenergic receptor were significantly increased as compared with the control of pre-treatment. The increased autoantibodies lasted for several weeks and then automatically decreased gradually to the pre-clipping level at 12 weeks. The biological effects of these autoantibodies displayed an "agonistic-like" activities on the beating frequency of cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION: Autoantibodies against α1-adrenoceptor may play a role in the elevation of peripheral vascular resistance and in the development of cardiac hypertrophy in rats with renal hypertension. 相似文献
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《International Journal of Fruit Science》2013,13(3):101-120
Abstract Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared. 相似文献
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《International Journal of Fruit Science》2013,13(1):139-156
Abstract This review is based partly on complete articles and partly on abstracts. Three of the 60 articles deal with the total uptake of elements in strawberry plant organs in two different strawberry production systems, both considered as optimal concerning amount and balance of elements. The effect on fruit quality may be dramatic if the level of a particular element is outside this range, but there may also be effects initiated by differences within the optimal range of elements. Most articles refer to product oriented quality, but some focus on consumer oriented quality, as discussed by Shewfelt (1999). The discussion here is on a general basis, so one should keep in mind that there are cultivar differences and that specification of nutrition ideally should mirror the needs of a single cultivar, or a group of cultivars with similar requirements. Also, to get a complete understanding of the subject future reviews should embrace a broader access of information including the effect on plant development of individual elements, such as the role of calcium in fruit firmness and its importance in cell wall structure. However, the intention here is to narrow the information to results that suggest a direct connection between nutrient uptake and fruit quality. 相似文献
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The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species. 相似文献
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多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。 相似文献
18.
HU Zhi-cheng ZHU Jia-yuan ZHU Bin GUO Dong CHEN Bin ZHANG Kai HU Kun-hua LI Ming-tao TANG Bing 《园艺学报》2011,27(9):1802-1806
AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars. 相似文献
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Fulé Peter Z. Crouse Joseph E. Heinlein Thomas A. Moore Margaret M. Covington W. Wallace Verkamp Greg 《Landscape Ecology》2003,18(5):465-486
Fire regime characteristics of high-elevation forests on the North Rim of the Grand Canyon, Arizona, were reconstructed from fire scar analysis, remote sensing, tree age, and forest structure measurements, a first attempt at detailed reconstruction of the transition from surface to stand-replacing fire patterns in the Southwest. Tree densities and fire-/non-fire-initiated groups were highly mixed over the landscape, so distinct fire-created stands could not be delineated from satellite imagery or the oldest available aerial photos. Surface fires were common from 1700 to 1879 in the 4,400 ha site, especially on S and W aspects. Fire dates frequently coincided with fire dates measured at study sites at lower elevation, suggesting that pre-1880 fire sizes may have been very large. Large fires, those scarring 25% or more of the sample trees, were relatively infrequent, averaging 31 years between burns. Four of the five major regional fire years occurred in the 1700s, followed by a 94-year gap until 1879. Fires typically occurred in significantly dry years (Palmer Drought Stress Index), with severe drought in major regional fire years. Currently the forest is predominantly spruce-fir, mixed conifer, and aspen. In contrast, dendroecological reconstruction of past forest structure showed that the forest in 1880 was very open, corresponding closely with historical (1910) accounts of severe fires leaving partially denuded landscapes. Age structure and species composition were used to classify sampling points into fire-initiated and non-fire-initiated groups. Tree groups on nearly 60% of the plots were fire-initiated; the oldest such groups appeared to have originated after severe fires in 1782 or 1785. In 1880, all fire-initiated groups were less than 100 years old and nearly 25% of the groups were less than 20 years old. Non-fire-initiated groups were significantly older (oldest 262 years in 1880), dominated by ponderosa pine, Douglas-fir, or white fir, and occurred preferentially on S and W slopes. The mixed-severity fire regime, transitioning from lower-elevation surface fires to mixed surface and stand-replacing fire at higher elevations, appeared not to have been stable over the temporal and spatial scales of this study. Information about historical fire regime and forest structure is valuable for managers but the information is probably less specific and stable for high-elevation forests than for low-elevation ponderosa pine forests.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
20.
AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [3-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10-6-10-4 mmol/L) stimulated [3-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [3-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10-6-10-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl2 for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation. 相似文献