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1.
Assessment of genetic diversity in bread wheat genotypes for tolerance to drought using AFLPs and agronomic traits 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
M. Esmaeilzadeh Moghaddam R. M. Trethowan H. M. William A. Rezai A. Arzani A. F. Mirlohi 《Euphytica》2005,141(1-2):147-156
Moisture stress greatly limits the productivity of wheat in many wheat-growing regions of the world. Knowledge of the degree of genetic diversity among parental materials for key selection traits will facilitate the development of high yielding, stress tolerant wheat cultivars. The objectives of this study were to: (i) use amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) to assess genetic diversity among bread wheat lines and cultivars with different responses to drought stress in two distinct environments and, (ii) compare genetic diversity estimated by AFLPs with diversity evaluated on agronomic performance under drought stress. Twenty-eight genotypes, 14 from Iran and 14 developed or obtained by CIMMYT, were evaluated in the study. Phenotypic data on the 14 Iranian lines were obtained in Iran, and data on the 14 CIMMYT lines were collected in Mexico. Ten AFLP primer pairs detected 335 polymorphic bands among the 28 cultivars. At the 5th fusion level of the resulting dendrogram, 6 genotype clusters were identified. Thirteen of the 14 CIMMYT genotypes grouped into one cluster while 4 of the remaining groups were comprised only of Iranian genotypes. When the agronomic performance of the Iranian materials was compared with the AFLP diversity analysis, 5 of the 6 drought susceptible genotypes clustered together in the agronomic dendrogram, and were located in the same cluster in the AFLP dendrogram. However, the drought tolerant Iranian materials did not show the same degree of relationship. The CIMMYT materials did not demonstrate a significant association between agronomic performance and genetic diversity determined using AFLPs. Clearly these data show that there are genotypes with similar agronomic performance and different genetic constitutions in this study that can be combined in a breeding program to potentially improve tolerance to drought stress. 相似文献
2.
Genetic diversity and relationships among pea cultivars revealed by RAPDs and AFLPs 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
In order to obtain an overview of the genetic diversity present within the set of pea cultivars released in Germany, 21 cultivars were analysed at the DNA level by random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs) and amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs), as well as for agronomic traits. Yield of grain cultivars ranged from 2.95 to 3.87 t/ha. Based on the screening of 60 RAPD primers and 32 Eco RI + 3/Mse I+3 AFLP primer combinations, 20 RAPD primers and 11 Eco RI + 3/MseI+ 3 primer combinations generating polymorphic and distinct fragments were chosen for estimation of genetic diversity. Twenty RAPD primers amplified a total of 314 scorable bands ranging from about 262 bp to 1996 bp. Of these, 175 fragments (55.7%) were polymorphic. Based on these data, genetic similarity (GS) was estimated between 0.80 (‘Lisa’ vs.‘Grapis’) and 0.94 (‘Bohatyr’ vs. ‘Sponsor’; mean GS = 0.88). Eleven AFLP primer combinations led to the amplification of 949 scorable fragments ranging from 43 to 805 bp and of these, 462 (48.7%) were polymorphic. Genetic similarity based on AFLPs was calculated between 0.85 (‘Lisa’ vs.‘Laser’) and 0.94 (‘Bohatyr’ vs. ‘Sponsor’, mean GS = 0.90). Correlation of genetic similarity estimated on RAPDs and AFLPs was estimated at r = 0.79** using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and at r = 0.84 by the Mantel test, respectively. UPGMA cluster analysis carried out on these data separately for RAPDs and AFLPs and on the combined data reflected, to some extent, pedigree relationships and cophenetic correlations (r = 0.89 for RAPDs, r = 0.88 for AFLPs, and r = 0.93 RAPDs + AFLPs) indicate a good fit of respective clusters to genetic similarity data. The correlation of cluster analyses to pedigree information and the impact on parental genotype selection is discussed. 相似文献
3.
4.
Synthetic hexaploid wheats are of interest to wheat breeding programs, especially for introducing new genes that confer resistance
to biotic and abiotic stresses. A group of 54 synthetic hexaploid wheats derived from crosses between emmer wheat(Triticum dicoccum, source of the A and B genomes) and goat grass (Aegilops tauschii, D genome donor) were investigated for genetic diversity. Using the AFLP technique, dendrograms revealed clear grouping according
to geographical origin for the T. dicoccum parents but no clear groups for the Ae. tauschii parents. The geographical clustering of the T. dicoccum parents was also reflected in the dendrogram of their derived synthetic hexaploids. Diversity of the T. dicoccum parents and their derived synthetic hexaploids was further evaluated by measuring 18morphological and agronomic traits on
the plants. Clustering based on morphological and agronomic data also reflected geographical origin. However, comparison of
genetic distances obtained from AFLP and agronomic data showed no correlation between the two diversity measurements. Nevertheless,
similarities among major clusters with the two systems could be identified. Based on percentage of polymorphic markers, the
synthetic hexaploids had a considerably higher level of AFLP diversity (39%) than normally observed in cultivated hexaploid
wheat (12–21%). This suggests that synthetic hexaploid wheats can be used to introduce new genetic diversity into the bread
wheat gene pool.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
5.
Genetic Relationships in Malus Evaluated by RAPD 'Fingerprinting' of Cultivars and Wild Species 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The potential use of RAPD markers for taxonomic studies in Malus was investigated using 18 accessions of wild species and 27 apple cultivars. 29 preselected random decamer primers were applied to three sets of Malus genotypes. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) ‘fingerprints’ were analysed for polymorphic amplification fragments, and coefficients estimating genetic similarity were calculated on the basis of about 50 polymorphic RAPD loci in each set of genotypes. Cluster analysis by an unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA) revealed that, in the cultivars, the molecular classification was in good agreement with the known lineage. A dendrogram generated for the wild species gave relationships that were, in principle, in accordance with the known phylogenetic information. Closely related species from section I were clearly distinguishable from those of sections III and IV. On the molecular level, a high degree of genetic diversity was found among both different apple cultivars and wild species of the genus Malus. The results gave additional evidence for the hypothesis that M. pumila and M. sylvestris were involved in the origin of the cultivated apples. 相似文献
6.
亚麻种质资源遗传多样性与亲缘关系的AFLP分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
选取18个中国品种和67份来自世界各地的亚麻材料(包括油用亚麻,农家种和野生种),采用7对引物通过扩增片段长度多态性(AFLP)分子标记分析, 获得168个位点具有多态性,平均每对引物可扩增出24条带。利用NTSYS 2.1采用非加权配对算术平均法(UPGMA)方法聚类分析,计算遗传距离和构建遗传系统进化树。结果显示85份材料在遗传相似系数0.53处分为4类,可以将栽培种和3个野生种区分开来;在遗传相似系数0.67处可以将纤维亚麻划为1类,而绝大多数油用亚麻分成4类,油用亚麻的遗传多样性远高于纤维亚麻;国产纤维亚麻中黑字号品种相似度极高,遗传背景狭窄,而双字号品种多样性稍好。还证明Linum bienne与亚麻栽培种(Linum usitatissimum L.)关系密切,并支持纤维亚麻来自油用亚麻的假说。 相似文献
7.
Harsukh Popatbhai Gajera Rinkal Kishorbhai Domadiya Sunil Vrajlal Patel Baljibhai Arjanbhai Golakiya 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2014,17(2):79-88
The genetic variability and relationships among 11 cowpea genotypes representing two cultivars and nine elite genotypes were analyzed using 22 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and nine inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. ISSR markers were more efficient than RAPD assay with regards to polymorphism detection. But the average numbers of polymorphic loci per primer and resolution power were found to be higher for RAPD than for ISSR. Also, the total number of genotype specific marker loci, Nei’s genetic diversity, Shannon’s information index, total heterozygosity, and average heterozygosity were prominent in RAPD as compared to ISSR markers. The regression test between the two Nei’s genetic diversity indices showed low regression (0.3733) between ISSR and RAPD + ISSR-based similarities but maximum (0.9823) for RAPD and RAPD + ISSR-based similarities. The RAPD- and ISSR-generated cultivar- or genotype-specific unique DNA fingerprints able to identify the most diverse genotypes. A dendrogram constructed based on RAPD and ISSR combined data indicated a very clear pattern of clustering according to the groups (cultivars and elite genotypes). The results of principal coordinate analysis were comparable to the cluster analysis. Cluster analysis showed that most diverse genotypes (GP-125 — small size with good seed quality; GP-129, GP-90L — big size with poor seed quality) were separated from moderately diverse cultivars and genotypes. The genetic closeness among GP-129 and GP-90L, JCPL-42, and JCPL-107 could be explained by the high degree of commonness in these genotypes. 相似文献
8.
Genetic similarity among European winter triticale elite germplasms assessed with AFLP and comparisons with SSR and pedigree data 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Genetic similarities (GS) based on molecular markers are well suited for direct exploration of relationships within a germplasm pool. The objectives of this study were to: (i) assess the genetic diversity in the European winter triticale germplasm by using AFLP markers, and (ii) compare the GS estimates of AFLP markers, simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and MALÉCOT's coancestry coefficient (f). A representative set of 127 European winter triticale varieties and breeding lines, previously investigated with SSR, was assessed with 10 PstI/TaqI primer combinations (PC). AFLP analysis identified 344 polymorphic fragments with an average polymorphic information content per PC of 0.25 and a marker index of 8.56. GS‐values between genotypes (calculated after DICE) averaged 0.61 for AFLP and 0.43 for SSR. The mean f‐value was 0.06. Dendrograms based on ‘unweighted pair‐group method and arithmetic average’ showed no clear groupings within the triticale germplasm pool, but smaller clusters were consistently found. Both molecular marker systems were superior to the coancestry coefficient for genetic diversity assessment within the elite triticale germplasm. 相似文献
9.
self-(in)compatibility almond genotypes: A review 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
To compile self-(in)compatibility almond genotypes, a review of 133 commercial cultivars of wide geographical origin was made. The information gathered from own and mainly published work will be useful for both grower's cultivar choice when planting and for breeder's cross design when planning. The almond S genotypes compiled were identified using five different methods: biological (pollination tests in the field and in the laboratory) and molecular (RNases, PCR and sequencing). In most cases, genotypes were assigned after combining more than one technique. Cultivars were classified into three categories: self-incompatible (99), self-compatible (16) and doubtful self-incompatible (18). The database is divided in 9 fields (name, origin, parentage, obtention year (crossing, selection or release), S genotype, technique used, reference, consensus genotype, and cross incompatibility group). A study of the 27 S alleles already identified and their geographical distribution within the cultivated almond is also presented. The study was divided into cultivars of known and unknown parentage and the distribution of S alleles frequencies was uneven among the 133 cultivars. S allele frequencies are related to geographical origin. Some alleles (S
1, S
5, S
7 and S
8) are more frequently observed than the others among cultivars of both known and unknown parentage. In the cultivated almond, the S
f allele is only found in the Puglia region, Italy. The S
f
frequency is three times higher in cultivars released from breeding programmes than in cultivars selected by growers. From the 351 resulting possible genotypes by combination of the 27 S alleles identified only 20 CIG (0-XIX) have been established, which represents a small fraction of the whole genetic diversity of this polymorphic gene in almond. 相似文献
10.
为将海南收集到的23份烟草种质资源编目和保存,通过田间表型性状调查,并利用SSR引物进行遗传多样性分析,构建指纹图谱。结果表明,供试种质的农艺性状和质量性状差异较大,不同农艺性状变异系数为20.69%~29.41%。聚类分析将收集的烟草种质资源分为3个类群,其中第Ⅱ类群的植株最高、叶片最大,可用于高产育种。从2000对SSR引物中筛选出12对扩增清晰、重复性和多态性好的引物,共检测到46个等位基因,平均每个标记3.83个,观测杂合度(Ho)平均值为0.5301,预期杂合度(He)平均值为0.4700。Shannon’s信息指数(I)为0.8930,Nei’s多样性指数(H)为0.4593,遗传多样性相对丰富。UPGMA聚类分析表明,在相似性系数0.206处,可将供试烟草资源分为2个类群。同时,利用12对引物构建了23份烟草种质的指纹图谱,为晒烟品种鉴定体系的研究提供理论参考。研究结果可为晒烟种质资源的鉴定与利用、雪茄烟育种亲本材料的选择等提供科学依据。 相似文献
11.
Comparison of phenotypic and molecular marker-based classifications of hard red winter wheat cultivars 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
H. Fufa P. S. Baenziger B.S. Beecher I. Dweikat R. A. Graybosch K. M. Eskridge 《Euphytica》2005,145(1-2):133-146
Genetic diversity is the basis for successful crop improvement and can be estimated by different methods. The objectives of
this study were to estimate the genetic diversity of 30 ancestral to modern hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars adapted to the Northern Great Plains using pedigree information, morphological traits (agronomic measurements
from six environments), end-use quality traits (micro-quality assays on 50 g grain or milled flour samples for the six environments),
and molecular markers (seed storage proteins separated using SDS-PAGE, 51 SSRs, and 23 SRAP DNA markers), and to determine
the relationships of genetic distance estimates obtained from these methods. Relationships among diversity estimates were
determined using simple (Pearson) and rank (Spearman) correlation coefficients between distance estimates and by clustering
cultivars using genetic-distances for different traits. All methods found a wide range in genetic diversity. The genetic distance
estimates based on pedigree had the highest values due to possible over-estimation arising from model assumptions. The genetic
diversity estimates based on seed storage protein were lowest because they were the major determinants of end-use quality,
which is a highly selected trait. In general, the diversity estimates from each of the methods were positively correlated
at a low level with the exceptions of SRAP diversity estimates being independent of morphologic traits (simple correlation),
SDS-PAGE, and SSR diversity estimates (rank correlation). However, SSR markers, thought to be among the most efficient markers
for estimating genetic diversity, were most highly correlated with seed storage proteins. The procedures used to accurately
estimate genetic diversity will depend largely upon the tools available to the researcher and their application to the breeding
scheme. 相似文献
12.
This research was conducted to study the genetic diversity in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) using agro-morphological traits and RAPD markers. Sixteen selected lines derived from landraces growing in various agro-climatic
regions of Iran along with four exotic genotypes were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications
under field conditions. Days to emergence, days to initial flowering, days to flowering, days to maturity, plant height, branches
per plant, capitula per plant, seeds per capitulum, 1,000-seed weight, seed yield per plant, seed yield, and reaction to powdery
mildew (Leveillula taurica Arnaud) were evaluated in this study. Genetic diversity of the genotypes was assessed by RAPD markers. The results indicated
significant differences among genotypes for the agro-morphological traits and clustering based on these traits classified
the genotypes into five groups. Analysis of the RAPD markers revealed 15 polymorphic primers out of 50 used primers. Based
on RAPD data, the highest genetic similarity was observed between the cultivars of “AC Sunset,” “AC Sterling” from Canada
and the lowest relatedness observed between a local breeding line “E2428” and genotype “GE62923” from Germany. Cluster analysis based on RAPD markers and 54% coefficient of similarity divided the genotypes into five distinct
groups. Comparing the clusters based on agro-morphological traits with those from molecular markers showed slight similarities.
The finding of high genetic variation for agro-morphological traits and polymorphism at DNA level reveal that agronomic traits
can be improved by selection programs. 相似文献
13.
The objectives of this study were to optimize RAPD and AFLP techniques in B. catharticus, and to determine the genetic variability of populations and commercial prairie grass cultivars with the aforementioned molecular
markers. Two populations with contrasting morphological characteristics were evaluated from individual and bulked DNA samples
using RAPD markers. Both analyses showed a similar information about inter population variability. Each accession was sampled
by a single leaf bulk of 10 plants. Accession similarities were established with 276 RAPD and 714 AFLP bands using Jaccard
similarity coefficient. The dendrogram of the accessions using RAPD markers showed that they shared high similarity values
(>94%). A similar result was obtained with AFLP markers (similarity values >98%), revealing a narrow genetic basis in the
analyzed accessions. Consequently, molecular characterization of germplasm should be considered in addition to morphological
criteria, to choose the parental genotypes for breeding programs of this forage crop. The AFLP technique was more efficient
to detect DNA polymorphism in our experiments and unique fingerprints were detected for all the accessions. RAPD is a simple
and non expensive technique, suitable to estimate genetic similarity.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
14.
黄瓜种质资源遗传多样性的AFLP分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对23份不同来源的黄瓜材料进行了AFLP分析。18对引物组合共扩增出543条谱带,其中,多态性带为106条,多态率为19.5%。UPGA分类结果将23份黄瓜材料划分为三大类群:第1类群为野生型黄瓜的聚类;第2类群为美国类型黄瓜、荷兰类型黄瓜以及具有荷兰血统的黄瓜的聚类;第3类群中包含所有中国类型黄瓜和2个前苏联类型黄瓜。遗传相似性分析和聚类结果表明:野生黄瓜和栽培黄瓜之间的亲缘关系较远,AFLP标记的分类结果与材料的主要性状特点基本一致。 相似文献
15.
不同来源棉花种质资源遗传多样性的ISSR分析 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
采取ISSR分子标记对48份棉花种质资源的遗传多样性进行分析,从60条ISSR引物中筛选出11条引物,这11条引物共扩增出92个条带,平均每条引物扩增出8.36个条带;其中多态性带77个条带,多态率达83.70％。UPGMA聚类分析显示,48份材料的相似性系数（GS）变化范围在0.27～0.93之间。聚类将48个种质资源划分为 4个大类(GS=0.55),湛江野生棉、廉江野生棉与其它品种在遗传上有很大差别,属于较原始类型,归为一类;长绒棉与陆地棉品种存在明显的遗传差异也单独归为一类;其它不同省份的陆地棉品种在遗传上有较高的相似性,归为其它类型。分析结果表明,ISSR具有丰富遗传多样性和稳定性, 是一种较好的遗传分子标记,适宜于棉花品种遗传多样性分析 相似文献
16.
Aromatic rices are preferred by the consumers all over the world due to its flavour and palatability. Although a large number
of these collections are available, little systematic analysis of genetic diversity has been carried out. With the objective
of identification and classification of aromatic rice genotypes, RAPD profiling was employed using 58 random decamer primers.
Most of these primers (96.5%) detected polymorphism among the genotypes. Of the 465 amplified bands, 314 were polymorphic.
Cluster analysis based on Jaccard's similarity coefficient using UPGMA grouped all the traditional tall, photosensitive, low
yielding, long grained ‘basmati’ aromatics together. The short grained aromatic cultivars, formed a different cluster with
high level of average similarity among themselves. The dendrogram based on 58 primers was highly similar to that based on
10 and 15 primers with matrix correlation (r) of 0.88 and 0.91, respectively. This suggested that a set of 10 primers can
be employed for an initial assessment of genetic diversity in a large number of collections. All the rice genotypes included
in the study could be distinguished from each other at the level of 19 to 186 polymorphic bands between individuals in pair
wise comparison over all the 58 primers. Probability of identical profiles by chance suggested that about 1041 genotypes can be unambiguously differentiated by RAPD fingerprints obtained by 58 primers. A diagrammatic mode of presentation
of DNA fingerprints of the aromatic rices based on 10 of the informative primers was developed.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
17.
I. Karsai Gy. Vida S. Petrovics E. Petcu B. Kobiljski S. Ivanovska Z. Bedő O. Veisz 《Euphytica》2012,186(1):139-151
The genetic diversity present in the breeding programs of southeast Europe was assessed in a set of 114 winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars using AFLP and SSR markers. The average genetic diversity characterised with the Jaccard’s distance coefficient was 0.605 with an interval of 0.053 and 0.889. The wheat cultivars originating from the four countries differed from each other in their clustering patterns, including the numbers of clusters and the most prevalent cluster, which was breeding program-specific. Hungarian and Romanian cultivars showed closer relationships, and Serbian and Macedonian cultivars grouped together more frequently. The phenotypic variability of the same cultivars was assessed under diverse ecological conditions of the four growing sites, measuring the disease resistance against two foliar diseases, and several agronomic traits. Of the phenotypic traits, powdery mildew and leaf rust responses showed significant associations with genetic diversity, whereas heading date, plant height and yield components did not. Through parallel assessment of genotypic and phenotypic diversity it was possible to separate winter wheat cultivars with similar genotype but diverse phenotype from those with similar phenotype but diverse genotype. This information will allow breeders to make informed decisions in selecting parents for new crosses. 相似文献
18.
RAPD和AFLP标记分析中国马铃薯主要品种的遗传多样性 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
采用RAPD 和AFLP两种方法分析71份中国各地马铃薯主要品种,均可将其完全区分,并可对其进行分子鉴定;证明中国马铃薯主要品种遗传组成上差异小,遗传多样性差。由于标记方法的原理差异和栽培马铃薯遗传组成复杂性,用2种方法分类的结果有所差异。AFLP标记检测获得的Shannon-weaver指数和Simpson指数均高于RAPD标记检测的结果,AFLP标记检测多态性的能力远高于RAPD标记。AFLP标记平均每个引物组合检测到100.1个位点,其中54.9条为多态性位点,而RAPD标记的相应数据分别为12.5和9.8个。不同的标记方法在马铃薯遗传多样性研究中存在差异,聚类结果从分子水平反映了中国现有主要马铃薯品种遗传基础的狭窄。 相似文献
19.
Phenotypic and genotypic analysis of a commercial cultivar and wild populations of Anemone coronaria
Yonash Nissim Fang Jinggui Shamay Arik Pollak Neta Lavi Uri Cohen Avner 《Euphytica》2004,136(1):51-62
Seven wild populations of Anemonecoronaria were assessed for 11 phenotypic traits, most of them having economic value for the flower industry. The wild populations
were sampled to represent the diversity in habitats, climates, rock and soil types, terrains, and elevations in Israel. AFLP
analysis was carried out on 12 individuals from each of six out of the seven wild populations and for six individuals from
the commercial cultivar ‘Mona-Lisa’. It was found that the Dorot population, which is located in the area bordering the semi-arid
zone at the very end of the species distribution, exhibits extreme and different phenotypes with relatively low variability
compared withthe other wild populations. The other six wild populations, that grow in more favorable geographic and climatic
conditions exhibit phenotypes with larger plants, larger numbers of flowers and less dissected leaves. These populations were
less uniform than that of Dorot. Genetic characterization by AFLP markers revealed a total of 165 bands. The wild populations
exhibit wide variation within-population, with about 80% polymorphic bands and average gene diversity between pairs of about
30%. The Dorot population has the lowest genetic variation and the Megido population the highest. Thus, the phenotypic variation
reflects the genetic variation. The cultivar ‘Mona-Lisa’, as expected, has much lower genetic variation. The Dorot population
and the ‘Mona-Lisa’ cultivar were found to have the largest genetic distances from the other wild populations, and the highest
genetic variation between themselves. Phenetic analysis yielded a dendrogram describing the genetic relatedness of these populations.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
20.
花椰菜种质资源遗传多样性SRAP标记分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为了从分子水平上揭示花椰菜种质资源间的亲缘关系,为其种质搜集、鉴定、利用和遗传改良提供一定的理论基础。本研究采用SRAP分子标记技术对24份花椰菜种质资源进行遗传多样性研究。从30个引物组合中筛选得到23对多态性引物组合,共检测到257条扩增条带,平均每对引物扩增等位基因数从5到20不等。其中多态性片段为185条,多态性比例为71.98%,表明花椰菜种质间具有相对丰富的遗传多样性。相似系数分析表明种质间遗传相似系数为0.5491~0.9626,平均为0.7490。SRAP分子标记聚类分析结果显示来源和地域可作为花椰菜种质聚类的农性状之一。 相似文献