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为明确15%炔草酯WP在油菜田的应用前景,建立油菜田的杂草管理体系,研究了不同开沟深度、不同时期施用15%炔草酯WP对油菜田杂草的控制作用以及炔草酯与其他药剂混用的效果,同时研究了该药剂对田间光照、养分、水分和油菜产量的影响。结果表明,开深沟有利于药效的发挥。在禾本科杂草处于1～2叶期时进行药剂处理,一般可以获得比较理想的除草效果。炔草酯与草除灵混用对禾本科杂草和双子叶杂草都具有良好的防除效果。施用15%炔草酯WP能显著提高油菜田间的透光率,降低杂草对田间养分和水分的吸收。15%炔草酯WP的施用对油菜株高、千粒重没有显著影响,但对油菜第一分枝高度、单株分枝数、角果数影响较大,能显著提高油菜产量。 相似文献
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百草枯的控草效果及对光照和油菜产量的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为明确百草枯在免耕油菜田的应用前景,建立免耕油菜田的杂草管理体系,研究了百草枯对免耕油菜田杂草的控制作用及该药剂对田间光照和油菜产量的影响.结果表明,百草枯对免耕油菜田杂草具有较好的防除效果,药后第5d的总体防效在98.50%～99.49%之间,药效随时间的延长略有下降,160d内的控草效果仍可达85%以上.百草枯对田间主要杂草看麦娘(Alopecurus aequalis)、牛繁缕(Malachium aquaticum)及菵草(Beckmannia syzigachne)的防除效果较好,对通泉草(Mazusjaponicus)的效果较差.使用百草枯能显著提高油菜田间的透光率,随着用药量的增加,透光率逐渐上升.百草枯的施用对油菜株高、千粒重没有显著影响,但对油菜第一分枝高度、单株分枝数、角果数影响较大,能显著提高油菜产量. 相似文献
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为明确新型吡啶类和环己烯酮类除草剂复配制剂对油菜田杂草的防控效果,指导新型除草剂在油菜田的合理使用,通过田间试验研究了20%氨氯吡啶酸·二氯吡啶酸·烯草酮可分散油悬浮剂对油菜田主要杂草的防除效果,以及杂草防除后对田间光照和杂草氮、磷、钾及水分累积的影响。试验结果表明,施用20%氨氯吡啶酸·二氯吡啶酸·烯草酮可分散油悬浮剂防除油菜田杂草效果显著,对菵草、大巢菜、看麦娘、牛繁缕等单双子叶杂草均有良好防效,总草鲜重防效可达88. 7%～98. 0%,显著优于两种对照药剂。杂草防除后,显著降低了杂草对田间氮、磷、钾和水分的消耗,有效地改善了田间光照和水肥条件。20%氨氯吡啶酸·二氯吡啶酸·烯草酮可分散油悬浮剂处理的油菜产量达到2 626. 26～2 836. 26kg/hm^2,增产效果显著,产量较空白对照增加18. 2%～27. 9%,增收2 173. 5～3 307. 5元/hm^2。研究结果表明,20%氨氯吡啶酸·二氯吡啶酸·烯草酮可分散油悬浮剂在油菜田有良好的应用前景,推荐剂量为每公顷使用有效成分225～300g。 相似文献
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为明确新型吡啶类和环己烯酮类除草剂复配制剂对油菜田杂草的防控效果，指导新型除草剂在油菜田的合理使用，通过田间试验研究了20%氨氯吡啶酸?二氯吡啶酸?烯草酮可分散油悬浮剂对油菜田主要杂草的防除效果，以及杂草防除后对田间光照和杂草氮、磷、钾及水分累积的影响。试验结果表明，施用20%氨氯吡啶酸?二氯吡啶酸?烯草酮可分散油悬浮剂防除油菜田杂草效果显著，对菵草、大巢菜、看麦娘、牛繁缕等单双子叶杂草均有良好防效，总草鲜重防效可达88.7%～98.0%，显著优于两种对照药剂。杂草防除后，显著降低了杂草对田间氮、磷、钾和水分的消耗，有效地改善了田间光照和水肥条件。20%氨氯吡啶酸?二氯吡啶酸?烯草酮可分散油悬浮剂处理的油菜产量达到2 626.26～2 836.26 kg/hm2，增产效果显著，产量较空白对照增加18.2%～27.9%，增收2 173.5～3 307.5元/hm2。研究结果表明，20%氨氯吡啶酸?二氯吡啶酸?烯草酮可分散油悬浮剂在油菜田有良好的应用前景，推荐剂量为每公顷使用有效成分225～300g。 相似文献
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本文比较了异丙隆、炔草酯、甲基二磺隆等不同药剂对小麦田看麦娘属(Alopeeurus)杂草的防除效果。结果表明:3%甲基二磺隆OD 20 mL/667 m~2、5%唑啉草酯EC 80 mL/667 m~2、8%炔草酯EW 60 mL/667 m2和7.5%啶磺草胺WG 15 g/667 m~2均可高效防除冬小麦田看麦娘属杂草;冬前施药50%异丙隆WP 250 g/667 m~2防效明显好于春后施药。建议防除冬小麦田看麦娘属杂草尽量选择冬前施药,药剂可选择50%异丙隆WP单用或与其他不同类型的除草剂混用,用量推荐50%异丙隆WP 150~200 g/667 m~2。 相似文献
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15%麦极WP(炔草酯Clodinafop-propargel)是由瑞士先正达公司开发的新颖小麦田恶性禾本科杂草高效茎叶处理除草剂。2005至2006年,我们进行了15%麦极最佳施药剂量、最佳施药时间、杀草谱、作物安全性以及喷药液量,喷雾器类型、混用等施用技术试验研究。结果表明,在冬前禾本科草2~4叶期和春后禾本科草5~7叶期,施用15%麦极对麦田恶性禾本科杂草看麦娘、菵草,棒头草和硬草具有优良的防效,最佳使用剂量为冬前667m2用16g(36gai/hm2),春后667m2用20~24g(45~54gai/hm2),药效高于6.9%精噁唑禾草灵,可采用目前常用的喷雾器包括工农16空心锥型喷嘴、卫士利农扇型喷嘴和弥雾机,对水15L或30L/667m2进行茎叶喷雾,可与苯磺隆或异丙隆混配,兼除禾本科草和阔叶草,按推荐剂量使用15%麦极[16~24g/667m2(36~54gai/hm2)]对本区地推广的小麦扬麦13号很安全。 相似文献
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试验结果表明,40％双草醚·氰氟草酯WP对机插秧田稗草、千金子、球花碱草、丁香蓼、矮茨菇等混生杂草具有良好的防除效果,杀草谱广,对水稻安全。推荐用药量247．5—270s／hm2（ai．99—108g）为宜,在水稻栽插后20d左右用药一次即可控制杂草为害。 相似文献
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为评价抗草铵膦转基因杂交油菜对草铵膦的抗性,以转bar基因抗草铵膦杂交油菜“7748”为材料,在2个密度水平和4种除草剂下,以油菜单株鲜重、株高、单株叶面积、净光合速率、SPAD值、全株角果数、每角粒数、千粒重等为指标,研究了草铵膦及其对照药剂对抗草铵膦转基因杂交油菜生长、产量及产量构成、品质的影响.结果表明,草铵膦处理后4d之内油菜叶绿素相对含量、净光合速率极显著低于对照,15d左右内油菜单株鲜重、单株叶面积极显著低于对照,20 d左右内油菜株高极显著低于对照,但药后1个月左右均超过对照.密度间、密度与除草剂交互作用差异显著,密度间以高密度的平均产量最高,除草剂间以草铵膦处理的平均产量最高.草铵膦处理后,油菜全株角果数有所下降,但角粒数、千粒重提高.转基因杂交油菜对草铵膦有较强的抗性,草铵膦对转基因杂交油菜安全并能稳定增加其产量,可应用于生产. 相似文献
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本文应用“二封一补”的策略完成黑龙江省水直播田杂草的药剂系统防控试验,结果表明,在16个有效处理中,处理5（25%噁草酮EC+25%丙炔噁草酮OD+10%吡嘧磺隆WP,50%丙草胺EC+33%嗪吡嘧磺隆WG,5%五氟磺草胺OD+30%氰氟草酯OD）防控效果最好,对总杂草的株数相对防效和鲜质量相对防效均为100%,产量也最高,达到7.77 t/hm2;处理6（25%噁草酮EC+25%丙炔噁草酮OD+10%吡嘧磺隆WP,50%丙草胺EC+33%嗪吡嘧磺隆WG,5%五氟磺草胺OD+48%灭草松AS）防控效果次之,对总杂草的株相对防效和鲜质量相对防效分别为99.92%和99.74%,产量也较高,达到7.65 t/hm2。此外,从首次出苗率、分蘖动态、株高动态、千粒重和结实率等指标来看,各处理间差别很小,无药害问题。 相似文献
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Yufeng Luo Haolong Fu Yujiang Xiong Zhao Xiang Fei Wang Yves Christian Bugingo Shahbaz Khan Yuanlai Cui 《Paddy and Water Environment》2017,15(3):593-604
The purpose of the article is to investigate the effects of water-saving irrigation on weed infestation and diversity in paddy fields; a two-year field experiment was conducted in Gaoyou Irrigation District, China. The responses of two irrigation treatments, controlled irrigation (CI) and traditional irrigation (TI), were observed and compared. The irrigation water use, yield, weed density, coverage ratio, height, species richness, density, dominant species, Shannon–Wiener index, and Pielou index were examined to analyze the water productivity, weed infestation, and diversity in paddy fields under the two treatments. The results showed that the water conditions were similar before the late tillering stage, and thereafter the CI fields were alternatively dry and wet with shallow standing water and low soil water content, while the TI fields were mostly continuously flooded by deep standing water and high soil water content. Irrigation water use for CI was 46.8% lower than TI. The CI treatment reduced weed density by 38.0%, decreased coverage ratio by 13.8%, and resulted in a 39.0% increase in weed height. Fewer species were found in CI fields than TI fields. The Shannon–Wiener index decreased by 11.5%, and the Pielou index increased by 3.2%. The changed water regime under CI not only impeded the growth of dominant species but also placed the whole weed community at a relatively stable level with reduced weed density. Meanwhile, aquatic weeds were well controlled; however, semi-aquatic weeds became the dominant species. In general, CI effectively reduced the risk of weed outbreaks, and weed diversity also decreased when it reduced irrigation water use. 相似文献
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为了研究除草剂混配对小麦田间杂革的防效,测定了15%顶尖WP或6.9%骠马EW与20%氯氟吡氧乙酸EC混配对小麦田杂草的防效、田间透光率、杂草对水肥的吸收量和小麦产量.结果表明,除草剂混配对小走田间杂草的综合密度防效和综合鲜重防效分别达到98.21%～100.00%和99.46%～100.00%,显著优于单剂的防效.除草剂混配能有效抑制杂革的株高,顶尖WP与最低剂量的氯氟吡氧乙酸混配,野燕麦即被全部防除,大巢莱和猪殃殃的株高亦显著降低.除草剂混配使用能显著提高小麦田间不同部位的透光率,小麦顶部透光率比时照增加54.08%～57.20%;离地50 cm的透光率比对照增加47.21%～52.73%;离地10 cm的透光率比对照增加22.84%～27.44%.除草剂混配使用降低了杂草对水肥的吸收,高剂量的组合中,杂草的水肥含量均降为零.除草剂混配喷施后增产效果显著,增产率达到124.63%～172.88%. 相似文献
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12种除草剂对冬小麦田阔叶杂草的防除效果 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为了筛选出对麦田阔叶杂草防效较高的药剂,选择12种目前生产中常用的除草剂进行大田试验。结果表明,施药后15d,对播娘蒿、荠菜、猪殃殃三种杂草总体株数防效最好的是对杂草致死速度快的唑草酮,40%唑草酮水分散粒剂30g(a.i.)·hm-2(指每公顷有效成分用量为30g,其余类推)处理的株数防效达91.78%;施药后30d对三种杂草总体株数防效最好的是55%苯·唑·2甲钠可湿性粉剂412.5g(a.i.)·hm-2处理,株数防效为96.53%,鲜重防效为98.79%;总体株数防效和鲜重防效仅次于55%苯·唑·2甲钠可湿性粉剂处理的分别是58g·L-1双氟·唑嘧胺悬浮剂11.8g(a.i.)·hm-2处理(株数防效为93.59%)、37%炔·苄·唑草酮可湿性粉剂222g(a.i.)·hm-2处理(鲜重防效为98.76%);总体鲜重防效最低的是30%二氯吡啶酸水剂202.5g(a.i.)·hm-2处理(鲜重防效仅为35.29%)。三种杂草对同种药剂的敏感性存在差异。12种除草剂对小麦的安全性有一定差异,唑草酮及其混剂处理后小麦产生的触杀型药害斑及啶磺草胺处理的小麦叶片黄化均可恢复,对小麦的产量无不良影响,其他处理均对小麦安全。 相似文献
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The effect of weed control treatments for long season control of weeds in maize under zero and minimum tillage was evaluated at Samara in northern Nigeria. Among the weed control treatments evaluated, soil ridging plus application of either 2,4-D or atrazine at 1.5 kg a.i/ha performed well as they effectively controlled weeds and resulted in better growth and a grain yield that was comparable to the hand weed control. Maize production under minimum tillage was better than under zero tillage. 相似文献
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Aerobic rice systems can substitute the conventional rice cultivation system in the wake of water shortage and energy crises. The major constraint in the success of aerobic rice is high weed infestation. Hence, we have discussed the weed flora, yield losses, herbicide-resistant weeds, need for integrated weed management, and approaches to manage weeds in aerobic rice systems. A review of several studies indicated that 90 weed species were competing with rice under aerobic systems, causing 23–100% reductions in grain yield. Weed control in aerobic rice gets difficult due to shifts in weed flora and herbicide resistance development in weeds. A wide increase in grain yield (15–307%) by implementing different weed control practices elaborates the scope of weed management in aerobic rice. Practices, such as soil solarization, sowing of competitive crop cultivars, stale seedbed preparation, mulch application, correct fertilization, and intercropping, were found to have particular significance for managing weeds in aerobic rice systems. Moreover, hand weeding and mechanical control were more effective when combined with other weed control methods. Herbicides, such as pendimethalin, 2,4-D, penoxsulam, ethoxysulfuron, bispyribac-sodium, triclopyr, imazosulfuron, bensulfuron, pretilachlor, and metsulfuron, were found most effective in aerobic rice systems. Keeping in view the severity of weed infestation in these systems and the evolution of herbicide resistance, reliance on a single control method is out of question. Hence, the approach of integrated weed management is the most appropriate for proper weed management and the subsequent success of rice cultivation using aerobic systems. 相似文献
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《Plant Production Science》2013,16(4):259-269
SummaryThe integration of technologies and principles to assess, manage, and evaluate spatial and temporal variability has enabled the site-specific application of variable rates of agrochemicals. It is referred to as precision management. This article concerns with the potential of precision management for weed control. Weeds are heter-ogeneously distributed and show different levels of spatial aggregation. A better understanding of weed patchiness is necessary for precision weed management. Studies reviewed in this article showed that significant reduction in the amount of herbicide can be achieved when the spatial variability of weeds is taken into account. It is often difficult, however, to obtain information on the spatial distribution of weeds with accuracy because it depends on monitoring techniques, scales of observation, and statistical methods applied. We conclude that the precision application of herbicides is one approach to managing weeds and it will be possible to achieve a drastic reduction in herbicide applications by using a combination of several different types of weed control strategies. Not only farmers with large fields but also those with small fields should have better access to information on spatial variability to make decisions for weed control. 相似文献
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Suchada Sanusan Anan Polthanee Alain Audebert Surasak Seripong Jean-Claude Mouret 《Crop Protection》2010
Weeds cause substantive yield losses in rainfed rice, particularly direct-seeded rice (DSR). Two field experiments were conducted in 2005 in north-east Thailand to examine the effects of cutting date and timing of fertilizer application on suppressed weed, growth and yield of DSR. Treatments consisted of two fertilizer applications to the main plots (top-dressing at the date of cutting and 15 days after cutting; DAC) and four cutting dates of the sub-plots. Rice and weed cutting was performed at 30, 45, 60 and 75 days after seeding (DAS), compared with an untreated control. Cutting resulted in a higher growth rate and improved grain yield of rice compared to the untreated control. Weed cutting at 60 DAS resulted in the greatest leaf area index, which contributed to the maximum number of tiller as well as maximum plant dry mass when observed at 30 DAC. Lower densities and dry weights of weeds at 30 DAC were observed when cutting was done 60 DAS, resulting in a higher grain yield than the other cutting dates. Timing of fertilizer application had no significant effect on the density and dry weight of grasses and broad-leaved weeds, but did have a significant affected on, resulting in the lowest density of sedges at 45 DAC was observed with fertilizer applied at cutting date. Rice grain yield was higher with top-dressing of fertilizer at 15 DAC than with fertilizer applied at cutting date. The cutting treatments resulted in higher net incomes than the untreated control. These results indicate that rice and weed cutting at an appropriate growth stage is an alternative method to chemical weed control for DSR in rainfed riceland. 相似文献