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1.
不同秸秆还田模式对土壤有机碳及其活性组分的影响 总被引：43，自引：9，他引：34
为了探讨不同秸秆还田模式对土壤有机碳(total organic carbon,TOC)及活性碳组分的影响,设置了秸秆不还田(CK)、秸秆直接还田(CS)、秸秆转化为食用菌基质,出蘑后菌渣还田(CMS)和秸秆过腹还田(CGS)4种还田模式。通过田间小区试验,研究了不同秸秆还田模式下,土壤有机碳及活性组分的变化规律。结果表明不同秸秆还田模式均提高了土壤有机碳含量,但不同还田模式下土壤有机碳含量差异不显著(P0.05),和CK相比,CS、CMS和CGS处理下,土壤有机碳质量分数分别增加9.0%、23.9%和26.7%。不同秸秆还田模式也提高了土壤活性碳组分含量。在不同秸秆还田模式下,土壤溶解性有机碳(dissolved organic carbon,DOC)含量表现为CSCMSCGSCK,且不同处理间差异显著(P0.01)。和CK相比,CS、CMS和CGS处理下,土壤DOC质量分数分别增加64.6%、29.4%和8.9%。土壤微生物量碳(microbial biomass carbon,MBC)含量表现为CMSCGSCSCK,且差异显著(P0.05)。和CK相比,CS、CMS和CGS处理下,土壤MBC质量分数分别增加28.9%、84.7%和59.3%。土壤易氧化态碳(easily oxidizable carbon,EOC)含量表现为CMSCSCGSCK,且差异显著(P0.01)。和CK相比,CS、CMS和CGS处理下,土壤EOC质量分数分别增加24.1%、55.7%、和9.3%。不同秸秆还田模式显著影响土壤活性碳组分在总有机碳中占的比例,改变土壤有机碳质量。在不同秸秆还田模式下,DOC/TOC表现为CSCMSCKCGS、MBC/TOC表现为CMSCGSCSCK、EOC/TOC表现为CMSCSCKCGS,且不同处理间均差异显著(P0.01)。从提高土壤质量角度,推荐秸秆-菌渣还田模式,在该模式下,土壤MBC/TOC和EOC/TOC均最大,土壤碳素有效性高、易于被微生物利用,有利于作物生长。从提高土壤固碳角度,推荐秸秆过腹还田模式,在该模式下,土壤DOC/TOC最小,且土壤有机碳含量最高,有利于碳的固定和保存。该研究结果可为秸秆合理高效利用、改善农业土壤碳库质量提供参考。 相似文献
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《中国生态农业学报》2021,(8)
土壤有机碳和团聚体对土壤肥力、作物产量、农业和环境发挥着重要作用,是土壤肥力的核心和可持续农业的基础。本研究依托中国科学院栾城农业生态系统试验站18年野外长期有机质物料和矿质肥料配施试验,开展不同施肥模式对土壤团聚体组成以及各组分有机碳在团聚体中分布影响的研究,为阐明不同农业管理措施下土壤有机碳的物理保护机制提供依据。试验共设6个处理:对照(CK)、单施秸秆(S)、单施有机粪肥(M)、单施化肥(NPK)、化肥配施秸秆(SNPK)和化肥配施有机粪肥(MNPK)。利用干筛法将全土筛分为大团聚体(2 mm)、小团聚体(0.25～2 mm)和微团聚体(0.25 mm) 3种粒径团聚体,分别测定不同处理下全土及3种粒级团聚体中总有机碳(TOC)、可溶性有机碳(DOC)、酸解活性有机碳(AC)、惰性有机碳(ROC)和易氧化有机碳(LOC)含量。结果表明:施肥对土壤团聚体分布及稳定性有显著影响, SNPK显著提高了粒径0.25 mm团聚体含量和团聚体稳定性;DOC和ROC含量与粒径2mm团聚体含量显著正相关,其对促进大团聚体形成至关重要。不同施肥处理下土壤团聚体各有机碳组分含量存在差异,与传统的单独施用化肥处理(NPK)相比,SNPK和MNPK均显著提高了全土和团聚体各组分有机碳含量, SNPK对土壤有机碳的提升效果优于MNPK。各有机碳组分在团聚体中的含量均为小团聚体大团聚体微团聚体,其中,70%以上的各组分有机碳来自于粒径0.25mm的团聚体。在施用化肥基础上增施有机肥(MNPK)和实施秸秆还田(SNPK)提高了LOC在TOC中的占比,使LOC/TOC由CK的11.94%分别增加到14.95%和15.70%。MNPK利于LOC保存在大团聚体中,提高了土壤供肥能力;而SNPK促进了LOC向较小粒径团聚体迁移,增强了其在团聚体中的稳定性,提高了土壤的保肥能力。由此可见,长期实施有机无机肥料配合可以提高土壤碳储量和稳定性,这为全面实施秸秆还田的基础上推行有机粪肥部分替代化肥的养分管理策略提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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长期不同施肥管理对稻田土壤有机碳库特征的影响 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：10
以19年的长期定位施肥土壤为材料,研究不同施肥管理:不施肥(CK),施无机肥(N、NP、NK、NPK),施有机肥(OM),有机-无机配施(F、F')下稻田耕层土壤有机碳库组分及含量变化.结果表明:不同施肥方式对土壤有机碳及其组分有显著影响,土壤总有机碳(TOC)变化趋势为有机无机配施(平均12.34g/kg)>单施有机肥(平均12.15 g/kg)>无肥(平均10.56 g/kg)>化肥(平均9.78 g/kg);有机肥和化肥配施土壤徽生物量碳(SMBC)、水溶性有机碳(WSOC)、轻组有机碳(LFOC)及SMl3(2/TOC、WSOC/TOC、LFOC/TOC均显著高于单施化肥土壤的.与不施肥相比,化肥、有机肥的施用均显著增加了土壤重组有机碳(HFOC)和HFOC/TOC,其中,化肥的施用更有利于土壤重组有机碳(LFOC)的积累.单施有机肥或有机无机配施显著增加了较大粒级(>0.25 mm)水稳性团聚体及其TOC含量,而单施化肥则显著增加了较小粒级(<0.25 mm)及其TOC含量.因此,长期施用有机肥,特别是有机肥与无机肥配施能提高土壤活性碳含量和土壤团聚体稳定性,从而保持和提高了土壤质量和持续生产力. 相似文献
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长期施肥对浙江稻田土壤团聚体及其有机碳分布的影响 总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20
以浙江省稻田长期定位试验站为依托,研究长期不同施肥措施对土壤团聚体及其有机碳分布的影响。研究结果表明,与不施肥对照(CK)相比,栏肥与化肥配施(NPKOM)、单施栏肥(OM)、秸秆与化肥配施(NPKRS)和单施秸秆(RS)处理均显著提高了2 mm和2~0.25 mm水稳定性大团聚体的含量和团聚体平均重量直径(p0.05),强化了团聚体对土壤有机碳的物理保护作用。此外,长期有机无机配施(NPKOM和NPKRS)处理显著提高了各个粒级团聚体中有机碳含量,并且显著增加水稳定性大团聚体有机碳的贡献率,而长期单施化肥和单施秸秆处理并未有效增加土壤总有机碳含量。不同施肥处理下,2~0.25 mm粒级团聚体有机碳占土壤总有机碳的34.2%~48.6%,是土壤有机碳的主要载体。利用傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)技术对2~0.25 mm和0.053 mm团聚体进行结构表征,发现长期单施有机肥或者有机无机配施下芳香族C较CK提高29.9%~45.2%,较NPK处理提高22.3%~36.6%,提高了土壤有机碳的芳构化。在有机碳积累方面,施用有机肥,尤其是栏肥与化肥配施,同时强化了团聚体对有机碳的物理保护以及促进了化学抗性有机碳组分的积累,是加强稻田土壤有机碳库积累的合理施肥模式。 相似文献
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生物质炭和秸秆还田是提高土壤有机碳含量和改良土壤团聚体结构的有效方法,但在长期尺度上生物质炭与秸秆还田改良土壤的效率仍不清楚。本研究针对中亚热带第四纪红黏土发育的红壤,基于等碳量不同碳源投入的5 a田间定位试验,包括对照、单施化肥、秸秆还田、秸秆–猪粪配施和生物质炭还田5个处理,采用干筛和湿筛法分析了不同施肥处理对土壤团聚体组成、稳定性和有机碳分布的影响。研究表明:施用等碳量的不同有机碳源5 a后显著增加了土壤有机碳含量,其增幅顺序为:生物质炭还田秸秆–猪粪配施秸秆还田。干筛法分析结果表明:与单施化肥处理相比,秸秆–猪粪配施和生物质炭还田处理显著增加0.25 mm机械稳定性团聚体含量(R0.25)和平均重量直径(mean weight diameter,MWD);秸秆还田和生物质炭还田处理显著增加了0.25~2 mm团聚体对土壤有机碳的贡献率。湿筛法分析结果表明:与单施化肥处理相比,秸秆还田和秸秆–猪粪配施处理显著增加R_(0.25)和MWD,但生物质炭还田处理和单施化肥处理相比差异不显著;秸秆还田和秸秆–猪粪配施处理显著降低团聚体破坏率(PAD),生物质炭还田处理显著增加了PAD;秸秆配施猪粪处理和秸秆还田处理显著增加了2 mm团聚体对土壤有机碳的贡献率。总体上,秸秆配施猪粪协同提高团聚体有机碳含量和团聚体稳定性的作用比秸秆还田和生物质炭还田要强。 相似文献
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为明确秸秆配施膨润土对旱作农田0～40 cm土层土壤有机碳(SOC)、活性有机碳组分及其分配比例和碳库管理指数的影响,于2019—2021年在内蒙古清水河县一间房试验基地连续3年进行田间定位试验。分别设置不施膨润土和秸秆(CK)、单施秸秆(T1)、单施膨润土(T2)和秸秆配施膨润土(T3)4个处理。结果表明:土壤SOC及活性碳组分在年际间表现为先降低后升高[除颗粒有机碳(POC)含量]的变化趋势,不同土层间表现为10～20 cm > 0～10 cm > 20～40 cm;各处理均提高了0～40 cm土层土壤有机碳及其活性组分含量,秸秆配施膨润土效果优于单施。与CK相比,在0～40 cm土层,T3处理土壤SOC、可溶性有机碳(DOC)、易氧化有机碳(LOC)和POC 3年平均提高了7.16%～9.63%、12.35%～18.05%、15.55%～41.97%和100.73%～127.90%,同时提高了不同土层DOC/SOC、LOC/SOC和POC/SOC以及土壤碳库管理指数;土壤SOC及各组分之间均呈显著正相关关系,以LOC相关系数最大,表明LOC可较好地反映出SOC的变化情况。可见,在旱作区采取秸秆配施膨润土措施能够显著提高土壤SOC及其活性组分含量以及碳库管理指数,对土壤肥力提升、质量改善具有重要意义。 相似文献
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长期施用有机肥对稻麦轮作体系土壤有机碳氮组分的影响 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
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为探明不同施肥水平下秸秆碳对低肥力土壤溶解性有机碳(DOC)、微生物量碳(MBC)和颗粒有机碳(POC)含量的影响,采用碳化硅管原位法,向不同施肥水平(0、120、240 kg·hm~(-2),以纯氮计)的低肥力土壤添加~(13)C标记小麦秸秆,定期取土样测定不同有机碳组分的含量及其δ~(13)C值,并计算秸秆碳在各有机碳库中的转化及贡献比例。研究结果显示,秸秆添加后7 d是快速转化阶段,此后秸秆碳转化渐缓,以向POC转化为主。相较于DOC,秸秆碳更倾向转化为MBC和POC,秸秆添加60 d后的转化比例分别为0.12%～0.38%、4.01%～6.25%15.01%、13.20%～32.85%和33.62%～59.69%。相较于0、240 kg·hm~(-2)的施氮处理,施氮量为120 kg·hm~(-2)时,秸秆添加能同时大幅提高试验土壤的活性和缓效性有机碳库含量。由此表明,秸秆还田条件下,适量施加氮肥更有利于低肥力土壤的培肥与固碳。 相似文献
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玉米植株不同部位还田土壤活性碳、氮的动态变化 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
探讨玉米植株不同部位腐解对还田土壤活性碳、 氮动态变化的影响。采用室内培养方法,通过动态监测土壤微生物量碳（SMBC）、微生物量氮（SMBN）、可溶性碳（DOC）和矿质氮含量,研究等量玉米根茬、秸秆、茎及叶4个部位在连续7季还田（秸秆+根茬还田）和不还田土壤（仅根茬还田）中的腐解转化特征。结果表明,秸秆腐解的最初 7 d是土壤活性碳、 氮动态变化的高峰期;腐解期间（62 d）SMBC、SMBN含量表现为添加秸秆始终高于根茬,叶分别在前28 d、14 d内高于茎,后期则低于茎,秸秆介于茎、叶之间;土壤DOC、矿质氮含量为叶＞秸秆＞茎＞根茬;培养结束时,各处理SMBC和矿质氮含量均较起始（0 d）显著提高,DOC含量基本保持不变,SMBN含量显著下降。与不还田土壤相比,还田土壤对新鲜残体的腐解影响不显著,且两者间土壤活性氮组分的差异较碳组分明显。腐解期间土壤活性碳、 氮的动态变化主要取决于各器官碳、 氮等化学组分的差异性,等量秸秆较根茬更有利于补充土壤活性碳、氮数量,土壤活性氮组分对还田土壤的响应较碳组分灵敏。 相似文献
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Response of carboxylate metabolism to zinc deficiency in Lactuca sativa and Brassica oleracea plants 
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下载免费PDF全文 Eloy Navarro‐León Alfonso Albacete Luis Romero Begoña Blasco Juan M. Ruiz 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2016,179(6):758-764
Species or genotypes differ in their zinc use efficiency (ZnUE) under low Zn availability in the soil. Organic acids (OAs) synthetized by plant carboxylate metabolism may play a role in Zn‐deficiency tolerance. The main objective of the present work was to assess the response of two species of great agronomic interest such as Lactuca sativa and Brassica oleracea to Zn deficiency focusing on OAs and carboxylate metabolism. For this, L. sativa and B. oleracea plants were grown in hydroponic culture with two different Zn‐application rates: 10 µM Zn as control and 0.1 µM Zn as deficiency treatment. ZnUE parameters, concentrations of OAs and enzymes of carboxylate metabolism were analyzed. L. sativa showed better Zn uptake efficiency (ZnUpE), while B. oleracea demonstrated better Zn utilization efficiency (ZnUtE). In L. sativa, citrate and oxaloacetate concentrations and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and citrate synthase activities increased, while fumarase and malate dehydrogenase activities declined. In B. oleracea no significant response was found in concentrations of carboxylate metabolism or enzyme activity except for a decrease in fumarase activity. These results suggest that a possible factor that induces the tricarboxylic acid cycle could be the low ZnUtE rather than the low Zn concentration under Zn‐deficiency conditions. In L. sativa citrate, oxaloacetate, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, and citrate synthase may play a key role to face Zn deficiency, while in B. oleracea the higher ZnUtE cannot be explained in terms of a rise in OAs synthesis. 相似文献
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Rice, one of the most important staple food crops of the world, suffers a major setback nutritionally, because it is deficient in bioavailable zinc. In an attempt to answer this problem a field study was performed for two years during 2010 and 2011. Rice plants were treated with selected plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR; P. putida, P. fluorescens, A. lipoferum, B 15, B 17, B 19, BN 17, and BN 30) and plant growth, zinc (Zn) content in different plant parts and grains was analyzed. The data obtained showed enhancement in rice growth and hence, increased rice yield in response to PGPR application. All isolates resulted in almost 1.5- to 2-fold increase in Zn content in roots, shoots as well as grains in comparison to the control. The bacterial isolates B 17, B 19, and BN 17 were of particular interest as they induced the movement of Zn from roots to shoots as well as from husk to the grains, thus making grains enriched in Zn (around 25% higher Zn content). Therefore, it can be concluded that application of PGPR strains is an important strategy to combat the problem of zinc deficiency in rice and consecutively in human masses. 相似文献
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城乡交错区的工业发展可能导致土壤重金属积累,并威胁食品安全。本文以无锡典型工业型城乡交错区为例,利用地统计学变异函数研究了农业土壤全量Zn和DTPA-Zn的空间变异特征,并分析了其影响因素。结果表明:人类活动明显增加了土壤的含Zn量,研究区土壤全量Zn具有强烈的空间自相关性,其空间变异主要与工业活动有关,土地利用对它没有影响;土壤全量Zn在工厂分布区附近较高,其他地区较低。土壤DTPA-Zn变异性大于全量Zn,具有中等的空间自相关性,其空间变异与工厂无明显关系,但土地利用对它影响较大,菜地DTPA-Zn含量明显高于水稻田。 相似文献
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《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(1):122-134
Field experiments were conducted on rice (cv ‘IET 4094’) in an Aeric endoaquept (pH 7.2) to evaluate the various zinc (Zn) extractants in lowland rice soil under the influence of Zn sulfate and chelated Zn. The diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), 0.1 N hydrochloric acid (HCl), and 0.05 N HCl‐extractable Zn concentrations in soil increased initially up to the Z29 stage of crop growth when Zn was applied as a single basal source, being greater with Zn ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (Zn‐EDTA) compared to zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) application. Among the various extractants, the performance of 0.1 N HCl in extracting Zn was better than the other two extractants and followed the trend 0.1 N HCl > 0.005 M DTPA > 0.05 N HCl. The greatest increase in grain and straw yield of rice was 37.8 and 20.4%, respectively, over the control in the treatment T7 (1 kg Zn ha?1 as Zn‐EDTA at basal). 相似文献
16.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(5):588-604
The aim of this study was to compare the behavior of residual zinc (Zn) from different synthetic chelates containing the chelating agents EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetate acid), HEDTA (hydroxyethyl-ethylenediaminetriacetate acid), and DTPA (diethylenetriaminepentaacetate acid) applied at different rates. This incubation experiment was carried out under two different moisture conditions (60 percent field capacity and waterlogged) and in two different soils from the central region of Spain (Soilacid, Typic Haploxeralf, and Soilcalc, Typic Calcixerept). The potentially available Zn concentration and short-term available Zn were estimated using the DTPA-TEA (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid–triethanolamine) and LMWOAs (low-molecular-weight organic acids) methods. In both soils, the amount of water-soluble Zn was estimated under 60 percent field-capacity conditions. Immediately available Zn was estimated under waterlogged conditions. The Zn concentrations depended on the soil type, the experimental time, and the Zn chelate used. Under both moisture conditions, the soil characteristics caused the residual effects of Zn-EDTA in Soilacid and Zn-DTPA-HEDTA-EDTA applied to Soilcalc, to produce the greatest Zn concentrations. 相似文献
17.
氮锌配施对不同冬小麦品种产量及锌营养的影响 总被引：13，自引：2，他引：11
为比较石灰性土壤氮锌配施对不同小麦品种生长及锌营养的影响,选10种本地主要种植小麦品种,进行连续两年的田间试验,测定小麦产量及锌含量。结果表明,在石灰性土壤上单施锌肥和氮锌配施对小麦产量、籽粒锌含量的影响因品种而异。单施锌肥及氮锌配施处理可显著增加土壤有效锌含量,但单施锌肥处理仅增加"西杂1号"、"武农148"、"郑麦9023"籽粒锌含量;氮锌配施增加除"小偃22"外其余9种供试小麦品种籽粒锌含量,增幅为7.3%～54.7%。单施锌肥对小麦锌累积量增加的效果不明显;氮锌配施可显著增加小麦地上部锌累积量,两季分别增加6.5%、29.8%。单施氮肥可显著增加小麦锌吸收,但其主要累积在小麦茎叶部。在石灰性土壤上,单施锌肥虽显著增加了土壤有效锌含量,但对小麦产量及籽粒Zn含量增加有限,氮锌肥配施可取得较好效果。 相似文献
18.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(1):31-36
Abstract Twelve leafy vegetables were grown on field plots treated with 0, 10, 50, 100, 200, 400, and 800 pounds Zn per acre incorporated into the 0‐ to 10‐inch soil depth. At harvest maturity the edible parts of the plants were sampled and analyzed for Zn. Of the 12 crops grown, only Swiss chard and spinach showed any tendency to be Zn accumulators. Even these crops would tolerate extremely high levels of available soil Zn before accumulating what might be considered hazardous Zn concentrations. Swiss chard and spinach were the only crops which showed visible growth depression when grown on plots treated with 800 lbs. Zn per acre. 相似文献
19.
Ranjan Laik Santosh Kumar Singh Vipin Kumar S. P. Singh Arvind Shukla Nidhi 《Journal of plant nutrition》2019,42(3):296-306
Zinc (Zn) fertilization is important for Zn crop biofortification as well as increasing yields, thus proper Zn recommendations for soil application is needed for Zn deficient soils. The effectiveness of Zn applications was evaluated in different combinations of rates (2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0?kg?ha?1 per year) and frequencies (initial, alternate, and every year) in rice (Oriza sativa L.) – wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropping system in a Zn-deficient upland calcareous soil in the fourth year. Zn applications to rice at 7.5 and 10?kg?ha?1 of alternate year and 5.0 to 10?kg?ha?1 of every year had the highest rice equivalent yield as compared to no-Zn treatment. Hence, Zn application to rice at 7.5?kg?ha?1 at alternate years is the lowest rate at which highest rice equivalent yield of rice-wheat cropping system can be obtained. 相似文献