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1.
Chesebro B Trifilo M Race R Meade-White K Teng C LaCasse R Raymond L Favara C Baron G Priola S Caughey B Masliah E Oldstone M 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,308(5727):1435-1439
In prion and Alzheimer's diseases, the roles played by amyloid versus nonamyloid deposits in brain damage remain unresolved. In scrapie-infected transgenic mice expressing prion protein (PrP) lacking the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) membrane anchor, abnormal protease-resistant PrPres was deposited as amyloid plaques, rather than the usual nonamyloid form of PrPres. Although PrPres amyloid plaques induced brain damage reminiscent of Alzheimer's disease, clinical manifestations were minimal. In contrast, combined expression of anchorless and wild-type PrP produced accelerated clinical scrapie. Thus, the PrP GPI anchor may play a role in the pathogenesis of prion diseases. 相似文献
2.
Trifilo MJ Yajima T Gu Y Dalton N Peterson KL Race RE Meade-White K Portis JL Masliah E Knowlton KU Chesebro B Oldstone MB 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,313(5783):94-97
We investigated extraneural manifestations in scrapie-infected transgenic mice expressing prion protein lacking the glycophosphatydylinositol membrane anchor. In the brain, blood, and heart, both abnormal protease-resistant prion protein (PrPres) and prion infectivity were readily detected by immunoblot and by inoculation into nontransgenic recipients. The titer of infectious scrapie in blood plasma exceeded 10(7) 50% infectious doses per milliliter. The hearts of these transgenic mice contained PrPres-positive amyloid deposits that led to myocardial stiffness and cardiac disease. 相似文献
3.
Heikenwalder M Zeller N Seeger H Prinz M Klöhn PC Schwarz P Ruddle NH Weissmann C Aguzzi A 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,307(5712):1107-1110
Prions typically accumulate in nervous and lymphoid tissues. Because proinflammatory cytokines and immune cells are required for lymphoid prion replication, we tested whether inflammatory conditions affect prion pathogenesis. We administered prions to mice with five inflammatory diseases of the kidney, pancreas, or liver. In all cases, chronic lymphocytic inflammation enabled prion accumulation in otherwise prion-free organs. Inflammatory foci consistently correlated with lymphotoxin up-regulation and ectopic induction of FDC-M1+ cells expressing the normal cellular prion protein PrPC. By contrast, inflamed organs of mice lacking lymphotoxin-alpha or its receptor did not accumulate the abnormal isoform PrPSc, nor did they display infectivity upon prion inoculation. By expanding the tissue distribution of prions, chronic inflammatory conditions may act as modifiers of natural and iatrogenic prion transmission. 相似文献
4.
Béringue V Herzog L Jaumain E Reine F Sibille P Le Dur A Vilotte JL Laude H 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,335(6067):472-475
Prions are infectious pathogens essentially composed of PrP(Sc), an abnormally folded form of the host-encoded prion protein PrP(C). Constrained steric interactions between PrP(Sc) and PrP(C) are thought to provide prions with species specificity and to control cross-species transmission into other host populations, including humans. We compared the ability of brain and lymphoid tissues from ovine and human PrP transgenic mice to replicate foreign, inefficiently transmitted prions. Lymphoid tissue was consistently more permissive than the brain to prions such as those causing chronic wasting disease and bovine spongiform encephalopathy. Furthermore, when the transmission barrier was overcome through strain shifting in the brain, a distinct agent propagated in the spleen, which retained the ability to infect the original host. Thus, prion cross-species transmission efficacy can exhibit a marked tissue dependence. 相似文献
5.
Wadsworth JD Asante EA Desbruslais M Linehan JM Joiner S Gowland I Welch J Stone L Lloyd SE Hill AF Brandner S Collinge J 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,306(5702):1793-1796
Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) is a unique and highly distinctive clinicopathological and molecular phenotype of human prion disease associated with infection with bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE)-like prions. Here, we found that generation of this phenotype in transgenic mice required expression of human prion protein (PrP) with methionine 129. Expression of human PrP with valine 129 resulted in a distinct phenotype and, remarkably, persistence of a barrier to transmission of BSE-derived prions on subpassage. Polymorphic residue 129 of human PrP dictated propagation of distinct prion strains after BSE prion infection. Thus, primary and secondary human infection with BSE-derived prions may result in sporadic CJD-like or novel phenotypes in addition to vCJD, depending on the genotype of the prion source and the recipient. 相似文献
6.
Synthetic mammalian prions 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Legname G Baskakov IV Nguyen HO Riesner D Cohen FE DeArmond SJ Prusiner SB 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,305(5684):673-676
Recombinant mouse prion protein (recMoPrP) produced in Escherichia coli was polymerized into amyloid fibrils that represent a subset of beta sheet-rich structures. Fibrils consisting of recMoPrP(89-230) were inoculated intracerebrally into transgenic (Tg) mice expressing MoPrP(89-231). The mice developed neurologic dysfunction between 380 and 660 days after inoculation. Brain extracts showed protease-resistant PrP by Western blotting; these extracts transmitted disease to wild-type FVB mice and Tg mice overexpressing PrP, with incubation times of 150 and 90 days, respectively. Neuropathological findings suggest that a novel prion strain was created. Our results provide compelling evidence that prions are infectious proteins. 相似文献
7.
Mallucci G Dickinson A Linehan J Klöhn PC Brandner S Collinge J 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,302(5646):871-874
The mechanisms involved in prion neurotoxicity are unclear, and therapies preventing accumulation of PrPSc, the disease-associated form of prion protein (PrP), do not significantly prolong survival in mice with central nervous system prion infection. We found that depleting endogenous neuronal PrPc in mice with established neuroinvasive prion infection reversed early spongiform change and prevented neuronal loss and progression to clinical disease. This occurred despite the accumulation of extraneuronal PrPSc to levels seen in terminally ill wild-type animals. Thus, the propagation of nonneuronal PrPSc is not pathogenic, but arresting the continued conversion of PrPc to PrPSc within neurons during scrapie infection prevents prion neurotoxicity. 相似文献
8.
Heppner FL Musahl C Arrighi I Klein MA Rülicke T Oesch B Zinkernagel RM Kalinke U Aguzzi A 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2001,294(5540):178-182
Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and bovine spongiform encephalopathy are initiated by extracerebral exposure to prions. Although prion transmission from extracerebral sites to the brain represents a potential target for prophylaxis, attempts at vaccination have been limited by the poor immunogenicity of prion proteins. To circumvent this, we expressed an anti-prion protein (anti-PrP) mu chain in Prnp(o/o) mice. Transgenic mice developed sustained anti-PrP titers, which were not suppressed by introduction of Prnp+ alleles. Transgene expression prevented pathogenesis of prions introduced by intraperitoneal injection in the spleen and brain. Expression of endogenous PrP (PrP(C)) in the spleen and brain was unaffected, suggesting that immunity was responsible for protection. This indicates the feasibility of immunological inhibition of prion disease in vivo. 相似文献
9.
Angers RC Browning SR Seward TS Sigurdson CJ Miller MW Hoover EA Telling GC 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,311(5764):1117
The emergence of chronic wasting disease (CWD) in deer and elk in an increasingly wide geographic area, as well as the interspecies transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy to humans in the form of variant Creutzfeldt Jakob disease, have raised concerns about the zoonotic potential of CWD. Because meat consumption is the most likely means of exposure, it is important to determine whether skeletal muscle of diseased cervids contains prion infectivity. Here bioassays in transgenic mice expressing cervid prion protein revealed the presence of infectious prions in skeletal muscles of CWD-infected deer, demonstrating that humans consuming or handling meat from CWD-infected deer are at risk to prion exposure. 相似文献
10.
朊蛋白多肽PrP106-126可激活小胶质细胞并产生活性物质。探讨PrP106-126作用于BV-2小胶质细胞对NO生成状况影响,从酶学角度检测其作用机制。在细胞培养液中加入50μmol.L-1PrP106-126,培养48 h后检测培养液NO含量,采用实时定量RT-PCR检测细胞内iNOs和nNOs在mRNA表达水平。结果表明,PrP106-126显著提高细胞培养液中NO含量(9.34倍,P<0.01),且iNOs和nNOs表达水平均极显著提高(11.60倍和4.36倍,P<0.01),从而为解释朊病发生机制提供基础数据。 相似文献
11.
Changes in prion protein (PrP) folding are associated with fatal neurodegenerative disorders, but the neurotoxic species is unknown. Like other proteins that traffic through the endoplasmic reticulum, misfolded PrP is retrograde transported to the cytosol for degradation by proteasomes. Accumulation of even small amounts of cytosolic PrP was strongly neurotoxic in cultured cells and transgenic mice. Mice developed normally but acquired severe ataxia, with cerebellar degeneration and gliosis. This establishes a mechanism for converting wild-type PrP to a highly neurotoxic species that is distinct from the self-propagating PrP(Sc) isoform and suggests a potential common framework for seemingly diverse PrP neurodegenerative disorders. 相似文献
12.
朊蛋白和脂筏是当今研究的热点。细胞型朊蛋白(PrPC)能够通过构象转变生成致病型的朊病毒(PrPSc),导致海绵状脑病的发生,但是目前关于PrPC的转变机制还不清楚。PrPC也是重要的信号转导蛋白,引发众多的信号转导事件。Flotillin属于新被命名为SPFH(stomatin/prohibitin/flotillin/HflK/C)的蛋白家族,是重要的脂筏标识性蛋白,它们不仅被动地担当着非胞膜窖脂筏的脚架,为蛋白质的相互作用和蛋白质复合体的组装以及信号转导提供平台,而且本身还主动地扮演着信号蛋白的角色,在许多的细胞事件中发挥重要作用。PrPC与flotillin能够发生相互作用,flotillin蛋白为PrPC的跨膜信号转导和PrPC转变成PrPSc提供了环境。本文重点综述了近5年来关于PrPC和flotillin蛋白功能的研究进展,尤其是信号转导方面的研究。 相似文献
13.
【目的】利用朊蛋白双基因敲除（PRNP-/-）羊制备朊蛋白多克隆抗体,并对其特性进行分析。【方法】构建山羊朊蛋白（PrP）原核表达载体,转入大肠杆菌并诱导表达,纯化获得羊PrP;将获得的PrP免疫PRNP-/-山羊,制备朊蛋白特异性的多克隆抗体;并对获得的朊蛋白多克隆抗体进行ELISA及Western-blot检测。【结果】获得了大量的朊蛋白特异性抗血清,间接ELASA检测抗血清中朊蛋白多克隆抗体的效价为25600;Western-blot检测显示所制备抗体不仅可以识别鼠、牛、羊脑组织内源性朊蛋白,而且能识别鼠脑组织内朊病毒。【结论】PRNP-/-转基因山羊可用于制备大量高亲和力朊蛋白多克隆抗体,获得的抗体可用于多种动物朊蛋白及朊病毒类疾病的检测。 相似文献
14.
Montrasio F Frigg R Glatzel M Klein MA Mackay F Aguzzi A Weissmann C 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2000,288(5469):1257-1259
In scrapie-infected mice, prions are found associated with splenic but not circulating B and T lymphocytes and in the stroma, which contains follicular dendritic cells (FDCs). Formation and maintenance of mature FDCs require the presence of B cells expressing membrane-bound lymphotoxin-alpha/beta. Treatment of mice with soluble lymphotoxin-beta receptor results in the disappearance of mature FDCs from the spleen. We show that this treatment abolishes splenic prion accumulation and retards neuroinvasion after intraperitoneal scrapie inoculation. These data provide evidence that FDCs are the principal sites for prion replication in the spleen. 相似文献
15.
Klöhn PC Farmer M Linehan JM O'Malley C Fernandez de Marco M Taylor W Farrow M Khalili-Shirazi A Brandner S Collinge J 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,335(6064):52
Intraperitoneal administration of ICSM18 and 35, monoclonal antibodies against prion protein (PrP), has been shown to significantly delay the onset of prion disease in mice, and humanized versions are candidate therapeutics for prion and Alzheimer's diseases. However, a previous report of severe and widespread apoptosis after intracerebral injection of anti-PrP monoclonal antibodies raised concerns about such therapy and led to an influential model of prion neurotoxicity via cross-linking of cell surface PrP by disease-related PrP aggregates. In extensive studies including ICSM18 and 35, fully humanized ICSM18, and the previously reported proapoptotic antibodies, we found no evidence of apoptosis, thereby questioning this model of prion neurotoxicity. 相似文献
16.
以原核表达的GST-BoPrP(23～242)融合蛋白为抗原,免疫BALB/C小鼠,制备抗牦牛朊蛋白的特异性抗血清。经Western blotting和间接ELISA鉴定,该抗血清可与牦牛重组成熟PrP(23～242)和牛脑组织提取物发生反应,蛋白酶K消化各抗原可消除免疫反应,但不与GST蛋白和E.coli BL21(DE3)的菌体蛋白发生反应,表明该抗血清为抗牦牛重组成熟PrP(23～242)的抗血清,其效价高达1∶12800,并能识别黄牛脑组织中的天然朊蛋白。原核表达的GST-BoPrP(23～242)融合蛋白能有效地刺激免疫动物产生PrP特异性抗体,所制备的抗血清可适用于天然朊蛋白的检测。 相似文献
17.
【目的】为明了偶蹄动物PrP基因的结构特征及其变异与结构、功能和朊粒病传染种间屏障的关系以及系统发生关系;【方法】利用DNAstar和Clustalx程序及treev32软件进行了22种偶蹄动物的43个完整PrP基因序列的同源性分析、多重排比和进化树构建;【结果】不同种属偶蹄动物的PrP基因完整ORF大小有所差异,范围为768～795 bp,可编码255～264个氨基酸的朊蛋白。核苷酸和氨基酸序列的同源性,偶蹄动物间≥88.6%和≥93.3%,反刍动物间≥95.4%和≥96.5%。共发现40个点突变和2个突变区。在N-端柔韧无序"尾"区(25～135)以八肽重复缺失为主,球形结构域区(136～241)以点突变为主,点突变主要簇聚在S1 -折叠前的柔韧无规卷曲区的C-端部分和HC -螺旋内。氨基酸104～135区和球形结构域区存在有8个高突变位点。已知PrP肽基元和功能位点如芳烃回文序列基元、2个N-连接糖基化位点、2个苏氨酸磷酸化位点、1个酪氨酸硫化位点、形成二硫键的2个半胱氨酸以及GPI锚锚着点丝氨酸为偶蹄动物所共有,各种间变异体的各结构模式非常一致。进化关系分析,可将偶蹄动物PrP基因区分为3大类,反刍动物PrP基因分为3小类。令人意外的是,2个双峰驼PrP基因的进化关系与牛属动物基因同源。【结论】偶蹄动物的PrP基因是一个保守基因,氨基酸104～135区和球形结构域区内的8个高突变位点可能是影响分子间相互作用、形成朊粒病传染种间屏障的主要位点,物种间各氨基酸变异并不影响PrP的主要结构和功能。 相似文献
18.
Infection-specific particle from the unconventional slow virus diseases 总被引：27，自引：0，他引：27
P A Merz R G Rohwer R Kascsak H M Wisniewski R A Somerville C J Gibbs D C Gajdusek 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1984,225(4660):437-440
Scrapie-associated fibrils, first observed in brains of scrapie-infected mice, were also observed in scrapie-infected hamsters and monkeys, in humans with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, and in kuru-infected monkeys. These fibrils were not found in a comprehensive series of control brains from humans and animals affected with central nervous system disorders resulting in histopathologies, ultrastructural features, or disease symptoms similar to those of scrapie, kuru, and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. These fibrils are also found in preclinical scrapie and in the spleens of scrapie-infected mice; they are a specific marker for the "unconventional" slow virus diseases, and may be the etiological agent. 相似文献
19.
通过考查铜离子在朊病毒疾病发病过程中的作用，将有助于阐明朊病毒形成及发病机制以及重金属铜离子对朊病毒发病过程的影响，为进一步对朊病毒疾病的防治提供重要依据。实验运用采用转PrP基因线虫模型来研究朊蛋白与铜离子的相互作用。结果表明，线虫暴露于10^-3mol·L^-1铜离子浓度条件下，其对食物敏感性会下降，生命周期会减短，产卵数会减少；当线虫暴露于10^-4mol·L-1铜离子浓度条件下，会减少以上三种影响；当线虫暴露于10^-6mol·L-1铜离子浓度条件下，对线虫几乎没有影响。研究数据显示，在有高浓度铜离子影响情况下，转入朊蛋白102位点突变（dat-1-PrP102Mut）（w102）的线虫比转入朊蛋白（dat-1-PrPwt）（w101）的线虫损伤更严重，转入朊蛋白（W101）的线虫比野生型线虫（N2）损伤更严重。 相似文献
20.
A rare conformation of the prion protein, PrPSc, is found only in mammals with transmissible prion diseases and represents either the infectious agent itself or a major component of it. The mechanism for initiating PrPSc formation is unknown. We report that PrP retrogradely transported out of the endoplasmic reticulum produced both amorphous aggregates and a PrPSc-like conformation in the cytosol. The distribution between these forms correlated with the rate of appearance in the cytosol. Once conversion to the PrPSc-like conformation occurred, it was sustained. Thus, PrP has an inherent capacity to promote its own conformational conversion in mammalian cells. These observations might explain the origin of PrPSc. 相似文献