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1.
OBJECTIVE: To assess microorganisms isolated from blood specimens obtained from critically ill neonatal foals and to evaluate their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 543 neonatal foals. PROCEDURE: Medical records of foals that were < 1 month old and were admitted to a referral neonatal intensive care unit were reviewed for results of bacteriologic culture of blood and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. RESULTS: At least 1 microorganism was isolated from 155 of 543 (28.5%) foals. Escherichia coli was the most commonly isolated bacterium. A single gram-positive organism was detected in 49 foals. Although 90% of the E coli isolates were susceptible to amikacin, some gram-negative and gram-positive organisms had resistance against multiple antimicrobials. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Gram-negative bacteria remain the most common isolates from blood of neonatal foals; however, gram-positive organisms were also found, and with greater prevalence than reported elsewhere. Susceptibility patterns may vary, and resistance to multiple antimicrobials may develop. This is especially true for organisms such as Enterobacter spp and Enterococcus spp. Prudent empirical treatment for neonatal sepsis should include broad-spectrum antimicrobials.  相似文献   

2.
OBJECTIVE: To determine which antimicrobials that are used to treat neonatal foals with septicemia attributable to Escherichia coli will minimize endotoxin release from bacteria and subsequent activity of inflammatory mediators while maintaining bactericidal efficacy. SAMPLE POPULATION: Blood samples from 10 healthy foals. PROCEDURE: Escherichia coli isolates A and B were isolated from 2 septicemic foals, and minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined for 9 antimicrobials. Five of these antimicrobials were tested in vitro at 2 and 20 times their respective MIC. Whole blood or mononuclear cells grown in tissue-culture media were incubated with 105 colony-forming units of E. coli and each antimicrobial or saline (0.9% NaCl) solution. After 6 hours, number of viable bacteria remaining was determined, and supernatant was tested for endotoxin and tumor necrosis activity. RESULTS: Testing in whole blood was compromised by bactericidal effects of the blood itself. In mononuclear cell suspensions, each antimicrobial significantly reduced the number of viable bacteria to low or undetectable amounts. Antimicrobials did not differ significantly in efficacy of bacterial killing. Amikacin used alone or in combination with ampicillin resulted in significantly less endotoxin activity than did ampicillin, imipenem, or ceftiofur alone. There was a correlation between TNF-alpha and endotoxin activity. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Aminoglycosides appear less likely to induce endotoxemia and TNF-alpha synthesis during bactericidal treatment of E. coli septicemia, compared with beta-lactam antimicrobials. Use of ampicillin, imipenem, or ceftiofur in the treatment of septicemic neonatal foals should be accompanied by appropriate treatment for endotoxemia.  相似文献   

3.
Thirteen coagulation tests evaluating hemostatic and fibrinolytic indices and serum cytokine and plasma endotoxin concentrations were obtained in 34 foals with a positive sepsis score (septic group) and 46 age-matched healthy foals. Compared to healthy foals, the prothrombin, activated partial thromboplastin, and whole blood recalcification times were significantly longer in septic foals. The fibrinogen and fibrin degradation products concentrations, percent plasminogen, alpha-2 antiplasmin, and plasminogen activator inhibitor activities, and tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-6 activities were greater in septic foals. Protein C antigen and antithrombin III activity were significantly lower in septic foals. Blood cultures were positive for growth and endotoxin was detected in 19 of 29 and 15 of 30 septic foals, respectively. In septicemic foals with detectable endotoxin in the plasma, the prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin times were significantly longer and the plasminogen and antithrombin III activities were significantly less than in septic foals in which endotoxin was not detected. Twenty-three of the 34 septic foals did not survive. Septic foals that did not survive were most likely to have a positive blood culture in which a gram-negative organism was isolated. Histopathologic evidence of hemorrhage was evident in 11 foals at postmortem examination and thrombosis was identified in 2 foals. The prothrombin time was significantly longer in foals that had multisite hemorrhage at postmortem examination. The results of this study indicate that clinically relevant alternations in hemostatic and fibrinolytic indices occur in neonatal foals with septicemia and that derangements can be correlated with the presence of endotoxin in plasma. Derangements in hemostatic or fibrinolytic indices were helpful in identification of septic foals with increased risk of coagulopathy, but were not helpful in predicting hemorrhage as compared to thrombus formation. Survival of septicemic foals was correlated with gram-negative bacteremia, but not with the presence of endotoxin or coagulopathy.  相似文献   

4.
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Treatment for bacteraemia in foals must be started before the identity of the causative organism is known. Information aiding selection of effective antimicrobials should improve outcome. OBJECTIVES: To describe differences in clinical and clinicopathological data and outcome in foals with bacteraemia due to different classes of bacteria. METHODS: Records of foals with a positive blood culture, age < 10 days and presenting to a university hospital 1995-2004, were reviewed. Bacterial culture results, subject details, historical information, physical examination findings at admission and clinicopathological data generated during the first 48 h of hospitalisation were analysed. Results from foals with Gram-positive or Gram-negative organisms, single or mixed organism bacteraemias, and with bacteraemia due to 3 commonly isolated organisms were compared. RESULTS: Eighty-five foals met the inclusion criteria. Gram-negative organisms (n = 59) Gram-positive organisms (n = 13) or multiple organisms (n = 19) were cultured from individual foals. Foals with Gram-negative bacteraemia had lower total white blood cell and lymphocyte counts at admission than did those from which only Gram-positive bacteria were cultured. Mixed organism bacteraemia was associated with tachycardia, increased serum concentrations of sodium, chloride and urea nitrogen, acidosis, respiratory distress, recumbency on admission and nonsurvival. Actinobacillus spp. infections were associated with leucopenia, neutropenia, lymphopenia and depression on hospital admission. CONCLUSIONS AND POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: Recognising particular patterns of clinical and clinicopathological findings associated with infection with specific groups of bacteria may, in the future, aid antimicrobial selection and influence prognosis in bacteraemic foals.  相似文献   

5.
Equine antiserum to core lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was evaluated in a double-blind prospective study for therapeutic benefit in suspected septicemia in neonatal foals. Forty foals younger than 7 days of age were included in the study by satisfaction of clinical and laboratory criteria, suggestive of gram-negative septicemia. Twenty-two foals were treated with core LPS antiserum (plasma produced from horses which were hyperimmunized with rough gram-negative mutant bacterin) and 18 foals received "nonimmune" plasma (from horses prior to immunization against core LPS). All foals received antimicrobials, fluids, and other supportive care measures, depending on clinical signs and according to accepted current practice. The clinical and laboratory data of each foal were monitored and recorded daily for 14 days after plasma treatment or until death.
The overall survival rate of these 40 foals with septicemia was 52.5%. The most prevalent diagnoses in addition to septicemia were enteritis and pneumonia. Of 30 positive bacterial cultures, 93% were due to gram-negative organisms. There was no statistically significant increase in survival rate in the 22 foals given core LPS antiserum ( P ± 0.05).  相似文献   

6.
OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of Salmonella infections in horses at necropsy. DESIGN: Cross-sectional prevalence survey. ANIMALS: 102 horses. PROCEDURE: Mesenteric lymph nodes were collected from horses that were necropsied. Horses had died or were euthanatized because of severe disease or at the request of the owner. Twenty-eight of the horses were racehorses euthantized following acute catastrophic injuries on the racetrack. Mesenteric lymph nodes were submitted for Salmonella culture via direct plating of tissue specimens on MacConkey agar and by use of 4 enrichment culture techniques that used tetrathionate and selenite enrichment broth and brilliant green and Salmonella-Shigella selective plating media. RESULTS: Salmonella typhimurium was isolated from the mesenteric lymph nodes of 2 foals (2/102, 1.96% of the horses). Salmonella organisms were not isolated from the mesenteric lymph nodes of adult horses. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Prevalence of Salmonella infections in horses of our study (1.96%) suggests that the results of cross-sectional surveys, using bacteriologic culture to determine prevalence of Salmonella infection, should be interpreted with caution. Prevalence of Salmonella infections determined in a single facility may not reflect the prevalence of Salmonella-infected horses in the general population; furthermore, obtaining a Salmonella isolate from a horse does not establish that the horse is a chronic Salmonella carrier.  相似文献   

7.
Bacteriologic and histologic studies of hepatic abscesses in cattle   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  
Twenty-eight abscessed livers were collected from feedlot cattle at an abattoir; specimens were obtained from 49 abscesses for bacteriologic culture and for histologic examination. Cultural procedures included techniques to enumerate and isolate facultative and obligate anaerobic bacteria. Anaerobic bacteria were isolated from all 49 abscesses, whereas facultative bacteria were isolated from only 22. Mean bacterial counts for anaerobic and facultative bacteria were 3 X 10(8) and 8 X 10(8) bacteria/g of purulent material, respectively. Fusobacterium necrophorum, the only anaerobe isolated, was detected in 100% of the abscesses. Fusobacterium necrophorum biotype A was isolated from 57% of the abscesses (in pure culture from 75%), and F necrophorum biotype B was isolated from 47% of the abscesses (from 96% with mixed infections). Corynebacterium pyogenes was the predominant facultative bacterium isolated. Histologic changes in abscesses were qualitatively similar; abscesses were pyogranulomatous, with a necrotic center surrounded by zones of inflammatory tissue. However, the severity of lesions varied, depending on the F necrophorum biotype involved. Portal triad fibrosis and bile-duct proliferation were most severe in biotype A and mixed biotype B infections and less severe in abscesses from which biotype B was isolated in pure culture.  相似文献   

8.
Blood culture of the canine patient   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
Blood for bacteriologic culture was obtained from 581 sick dogs. Of these, 134 (23%) were considered to have bacteremia. The conditions most frequently associated with bacteremia were malignant neoplasms and infections of the skeletal, cardiovascular, and urogenital systems. The most frequently isolated bacteria were members of the family Enterobacteriaceae and coagulase-positive staphylococci, in sum accounting for more than 50% of the 150 isolates. Most of the dogs with bacteremia had high proportions of immature neutrophils, segmented neutrophils, and monocytes in blood. Dogs with bacteremia and osteomyelitis due to staphylococci had normal hemograms. Blood from dogs with bacteremia due to gram-negative bacteria was more likely to have a high proportion of immature and segmented neutrophil leukocytes than was blood from dogs with bacteremia due to a gram-positive species. Toxic neutrophils were observed more often in blood obtained from patients with bacteremia due to gram-negative bacteria. The development of fever correlated with the bacteremic state regardless of the species of bacteria in the blood.  相似文献   

9.
Background: Bacteremia in sick foals is associated with survival, but the association of bacteremia and diarrhea is not reported.
Hypothesis: Neonatal foals with diarrhea will commonly be bacteremic.
Animals: One hundred and thirty-three neonatal foals.
Methods: Records of all foals <30 days of age presenting with diarrhea between January 1990 and September 2007 were reviewed.
Results: Sixty-six of 133 foals (50%) were bacteremic at admission, with 75 isolates from the 66 samples. The blood culture from a further 18 foals (13.5%) grew coryneform bacteria. Nine foals (6.8%) had 2 or more organisms grown on blood culture. One foal had 5 different organisms, interpreted as contamination. Forty-eight foals (36%) had no growth on admission blood cultures. No cultures isolated fungal organisms. Excluding coryneform bacteria, 43 isolates (57%) were Gram-negative organisms and 32 isolates (43%) were Gram-positive organisms. The most common isolate was Enterococcus spp. (22 isolates, 29%), followed by Pantoea agglomerans (13 isolates, 17%). IgG concentration at admission was not associated with blood culture status. Blood culture status was not associated with survival to hospital discharge.
Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Bacteremia is common in neonatal foals with diarrhea. Decisions regarding antimicrobial selection should be made with these differences in mind.  相似文献   

10.
At an abattoir, lesion specimens from 140 condemned sheep livers were collected for bacteriologic culture and for pathologic examination. Grossly, 23 lesions were abscesses; from 9 of which, Fusobacterium necrophorum biovar A (3 in pure culture and 6 in mixed culture) was isolated and from 14 of which, biovar B (6 in pure culture and 8 in mixed culture) was isolated. Escherichia coli was the predominant facultative anaerobic bacterium and Clostridium perfringens was the predominant obligate anaerobic bacterium isolated from the 14 lesions with mixed bacterial infection. Histologically, these lesions had a core of coagulation necrosis, encircled by a zone of necrotic phagocytic cells and bacteria with cellular characteristics of F necrophorum biovars A or B, and a connective tissue capsule. Of the 117 lesions without F necrophorum, 49 were culture-positive (for other organisms) and 69 were culture-negative. These 117 lesions were fibrous and were smaller than the 23 abscesses. A variety of gram-positive and gram-negative facultative anaerobic and obligate anaerobic bacteria was isolated from the culture-positive lesions, but always in low numbers. Eleven culture-negative and 18 culture-positive lesions were examined and had histologic characteristics of parasite-induced granulomas, with numerous eosinophils and epithelioid giant cells. Results of the study indicated that the histologic appearance of ovine hepatic lesions with F necrophorum was similar to bovine liver abscesses caused by F necrophorum, but unlike bovine liver abscesses, F necrophorum biovar B was isolated more frequently than was biovar A and often in pure culture. Most of the lesions in the condemned livers were parasite-induced granulomas.  相似文献   

11.
Gram-negative bacterial infections of the mammary gland in cows   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Naturally acquired gram-negative bacterial intramammary infections (n = 160) were studied in 99 cows over a 2-year period. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp, Serratia spp, Enterobacter spp, and unidentified gram-negative bacteria were isolated from 28.8, 39.4, 9.4, 5.0, and 11.2%, respectively, of infected mammary glands. A majority (61%) of intramammary infections were first detected during the nonlactating period. Gram-negative bacteria isolated during the first half of the nonlactating period were predominantly Klebsiella spp, Serratia spp, and Enterobacter spp. Onset of E coli intramammary infections was more prevalent during the second half of the nonlactating period and during the first 7 days of lactation. The majority (59%) of infections were less than 28 days in duration, but Klebsiella spp and Serratia spp infections were of significantly (P less than 0.05) greater duration than infections with E coli. The greatest percentage (47%) of gram-negative bacterial intramammary infections were first detected during the summer.  相似文献   

12.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the organisms most commonly isolated from pleural fluid from dogs and cats with pyothorax. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 51 dogs and 47 cats. PROCEDURE: Results of bacteriologic culture of pleural fluid samples obtained by means of thoracentesis were obtained from medical records. To obtain information on in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of organisms commonly isolated from dogs and cats, records of all dogs and cats examined during 1998 were reviewed, and information was obtained on identity and in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of aerobic organisms isolated from samples other than urine or urinary tract samples. RESULTS: Median ages of dogs and cats were 4 years. Bacteria were isolated from pleural fluid samples from 47 of 51 (92%) dogs and 45 of 47 (96%) cats. Obligate anaerobic bacteria were isolated from 28 dogs and 40 cats. A mixture of obligate anaerobic and facultative bacteria was isolated from 17 dogs and 20 cats. Samples from cats most often yielded a member of the nonenteric group (most commonly members of the genus Pasteurella), whereas those from dogs more often yielded a member of the family Enterobacteriaceae (most commonly E coli). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that antimicrobial agents chosen for the initial treatment of dogs and cats with pyothorax should be active against a mixture of obligate anaerobic and facultative bacteria.  相似文献   

13.
Anaerobic bacteria have been increasingly implicated as important pathogens in animals. To determine the prevalence of anaerobic bacterial infection, the results of anaerobic bacteriologic culture of 599 specimens obtained from dogs and cats hospitalized at the Colorado State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital were reviewed. Obligate anaerobic bacteria were isolated from 35% of properly submitted specimens; Bacteroides spp and Fusobacterium spp were the organisms most commonly isolated. Infections most often containing anaerobes were abscesses, pleuropulmonary infections, and abdominal infections. A complication rate of 28% was observed with anaerobic bacterial infections; failure to initially treat with an effective antibiotic increased the rate of recurrence of infection.  相似文献   

14.
Infection of umbilical arteries, umbilical vein, and/or urachus was diagnosed ultrasonographically in 33 foals 1 to 90 days old (mean, 17.7 +/- 17.3 days). In these foals, the most common initial problems were umbilical abnormalities, septic arthritis, and/or neonatal septicemia. In 16 foals, abnormalities of the external umbilical stalk were noticed on admission. Abnormalities of the internal umbilical structures were identified when enlargement and echogenic material (fluid and/or gas) were imaged ultrasonographically within these structures. Multiple structures were affected in 23 foals, with the urachus the most commonly affected structure. Surgical findings confirmed ultrasonographic identification of infected umbilical structures in 23 foals. Twenty-two samples from affected umbilical remnants submitted for culture at surgery were positive for bacterial growth. Multiple organisms were isolated in 15 cultures. Escherichia coli and beta-hemolytic streptococci were the most common isolates. Two foals died of late complications associated with surgical resection, 1 foal treated surgically and 3 foals treated medically died or were euthanatized because of other complications, and the remaining 27 foals lived.  相似文献   

15.
Equine neonatal septicaemia was confirmed in 24 foals hospitalised at the Rural Veterinary Centre between 1989 and 1992 with suspected septicaemia. Septicaemia was confirmed by culture of bacteria from blood of live foals and tissues obtained at necropsy of foals that died or were euthanased. Pathogenic bacteria isolated were predominantly Enterobacteriaceae (including Escherichia coli and Salmonella serovars) and Actinobacillus equuli. Clinical manifestations of septicaemia included signs of depression, dehydration, abnormalities in body temperature and manifestations of localised infection including diarrhoea, pneumonia, and septic arthritis. Most common haemato-logical abnormalities were neutropenia and increase of circulating band neutrophils. Survival rate of foals with confirmed septicaemia was 70.8%. Survival was found to be less likely in the presence of pneumonia, severe signs of depression, marked haematological changes or septic arthritis at the time of admission. Seven foals were confirmed to have septic arthritis without concurrent septicaemia. Of these, 4 had multiple joint involvement. Bacteria isolated from infected joints were predominantly Salmonella serovars. Four foals with septic arthritis failed to survive, due to multiple joint infection, which was unresponsive to treatment. The clinical and haematological abnormalities present in foals with confirmed septicaemia and septic arthritis were consistent with those observed in other studies. The bacterial isolates from foals with confirmed septicaemia were similar to those isolated in other studies. In contrast, the bacteria isolated from foals with septic arthritis without concurrent septicaemia were different from other studies.  相似文献   

16.
OBJECTIVE: To assist correct decision-making about antimicrobial treatment of equine neonates with septicaemia. DESIGN: Retrospective study of microbial blood culture results obtained from foals less than 7 days of age. METHODS: Microbial blood culture results from foals less than 7 days of age admitted to an intensive care unit between July 1999 and December 2004 were reviewed. Antimicrobial sensitivity was assessed by the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Antimicrobials were defined as an effective first-line choice antimicrobial if greater than 70% of isolates were susceptible. Multiple drug resistance (MDR) was defined as resistance to at least three antimicrobials in different chemical classes or with different mechanisms of resistance. RESULTS: Of the 427 Thoroughbred foals included in the study, a positive blood culture was obtained in 110 foals and 124 microorganisms were isolated. Gram-positive isolates, predominantly Streptococcus/Enterococcus spp, were obtained in 41% of foals. Gram-negative isolates were predominantly of the Enterobacteriaceae family, in particular Escherichia coli. The overall antimicrobial sensitivity of the isolates was low. The Gram-positive organisms had unpredictable sensitivity patterns. MDR was recorded in 32% of isolates. In total, 81% of foals were discharged from hospital and 74.5% of foals with a positive blood culture were discharged. CONCLUSION: With the increasing prevalence of Gram-positive microorganisms and their unpredictable sensitivity patterns, blood cultures remain important in the diagnosis and treatment of equine neonatal septicaemia.  相似文献   

17.
An epizootic of mastitis in mink due to Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli associated with food poisoning was studied on a Connecticut ranch with 3,500 mink. In the course of the epizootic, approximately 2,000 mink kits and 480 adult mink, mostly nursing females, died within 10 days. Affected females had swollen mammary glands due to acute mastitis; S. aureus was isolated in pure culture from 2 mink and E. coli in pure culture from a 3rd. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from the organs of 1 mink kit, S. aureus and E. coli from a 2nd kit, and E. coli from a 3rd. The organs of the remaining 7 kits examined did not contain bacteria. Both isolates were pathogenic when inoculated intraperitoneally into mice and mink, causing fatal septicemia within 16 to 24 hours. The meat from a septicemic bovine carcass fed prior to the epizootic was considered a possible source of infection, since it was found to be heavily contaminated with E. coli, S. aureus, and Streptococcus spp.  相似文献   

18.
Bacterial translocation is characterized by the passage of intestinally derived bacteria across the intestinal mucosa to local or regional tissues. This phenomenon is believed to be important in the pathogenesis of gram-negative bacteremia and septicemia; however, the pathway or route of translocation remains unclear. To define the route of translocation better, mesenteric lymph nodes from 50 apparently healthy dogs undergoing elective ovariohysterectomies were cultured aerobically and anaerobically. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of bacterial translocation and to quantify and identify types of organisms found in mesenteric lymph nodes. Peripheral blood and portal blood samples were similarly cultured to rule out hematogenous organisms as a source of lymph node contamination. Bacteria were isolated from mesenteric lymph nodes of 26 dogs (52%). The number of bacteria varied from 50 to > 105 organ-isms/g of tissue. Bacteria isolated included Staphylococcus intermedius (n = 3), coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (n = 2), nonhemolytic Streptococcus (n = 4), Bacillus species (n = 5), Escherichia coli (n = 6), Salmonella species (n = 3), Pseudomonas species (n = 2), Enterococcus species (n = 2), Clostridium sordelli (n = 1), Micrococcus species (n = 1), Lactobacillus species (n = 1), and Propionibacterium acnes (n = 1). One of 50 peripheral blood samples yielded an unidentified gram-positive coccus and a coagulase-negative Staphylococcus. No bacteria were isolated from portal blood samples of any dog. Further studies of this type on sick dogs are warranted before clinical recommendations can be made to culture mesenteric lymph nodes routinely.  相似文献   

19.
The microbial environment of the ear canal in health and disease   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
Otitis externa is an important disease of dogs and, to a lesser degree, cats. The yeast Malassezia canis is the most common organism demonstrated in ear infections. Coagulase-positive staphylococci are the most common bacteria isolated, often occurring with M. canis. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus are gram-negative bacteria that are frequently encountered. Other bacteria, such as beta-hemolytic streptococci, enterococci, Escherichia coli, and Corynebacterium are also important. Malassezia canis, coagulase-positive staphylococci, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa commonly occur as monoinfections, whereas other bacteria are typically associated with mixed infections. Smears may provide rapid diagnosis on which to base empiric treatment. Cultures should be considered in recurrent or refractory cases, especially those involving gram-negative bacteria. In practices that are not equipped to perform culture and susceptibility tests, it is advisable to seek the advice of a microbiology laboratory.  相似文献   

20.
The accuracy of a scheme for predicting the gram-staining reaction of organisms causing bovine mastitis in cows with systemic signs of disease (anorexia) was evaluated over 1 year. Criteria for making the predictions included: season of year, stage of lactation, appearance of milk, detection and duration of teat injuries, and milk odor. It was possible to determine the cause by microbiologic culture of specimens from 136 of the 147 cows of the study. Of 78 infections caused by gram-negative (mostly coliform) organisms, 62 (79%) were predicted accurately to be caused by gram-negative organisms. Of 57 infections caused by gram-positive organisms, 45 (79%) were predicted correctly to be caused by gram-positive organisms. Correctly predicted as gram-positive organisms causing infection were: Actinomyces pyogenes in 20 of 21 (95%) cows; Staphylococcus sp in 14 of 22 (64%) cows; Streptococcus sp in 10 of 13 (77%) cows and Bacillus sp in 1 cow. Overall accuracy, in those instances when bacteria were isolated (136 cows), was 78%.  相似文献   

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