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1.
In this investigation trichomonads were isolated from the oral cavity in 21 of 110 examined cats, and only from those which were simultaneously FeLV, FIV or FIP positive. By means of scanning electron microscopy the trichomonads were shown to be round or piriform parasites which were on average 7.9 microns long and 6.2 microns wide at maximum width. They had 4 anterior flagella, which were on average 9.4 microns long, an undulating membrane measuring 6.7 microns with no trailing flagellum as well as an axostyle extending on average 5.0 microns beyond the body, and therefore should be attributed to the genus Trichomonas. 相似文献
2.
Twelve horses with clinical symptoms of a gastric disorder were studied by gastroscopy. Symptoms of gastric disorders were periprandial colic, bruxism, ructus and reflux. Preliminary to gastroscopy the horses were fasted for 24 h. Access to water was not restricted. The gastroscopy could be conducted easily using a fiberscope 2.5 m in length and 11 mm in outer diameter. While ulcers were present in the squamous fundus of all horses only one horse showed ulceration of the glandular fundus. Solitary ulcers near the margo plicatus were found in horses with mild clinical symptoms. In contrast, diffuse gastroesophageal ulceration was accompanied by severe clinical symptoms. Four horses were affected by an acute gastroesophageal ulceration with gastric reflux and subsequent aspiration pneumonia. Two of those horses suffered from acute gastric ulceration 3-4 days following laparatomy. All horses were treated with cimetidine (5 mg/kg bwt/q.i.d.) until clinical symptoms ceased. 相似文献
3.
The pharmacokinetics of racemic phenprocoumon were studied in 8 adult horses after the single intravenous and oral administration of 0.75 mg/kg. After i.v. administration the plasma concentration of phenprocoumon showed a biphasic decline in time. The pharmacokinetics were calculated on the two-compartment open model. The average plasma half-life (beta-phase) was 22 hours, the apparent volume of distribution was 0.61 l/kg, Cltot was 25.2 ml/kg/h (13.9-40.9 ml/kg/h). The systemic bioavailability of oral phenprocoumon was 97.6%, Tmax was found to be 4-12 hours. The effect of phenprocoumon on the coagulation system was determined by the activity of Factor X, the Quick's one stage prothrombin time and the PTT. Factor X showed the most marked effect. A reduction of the content of Factor X was seen over 7-9 days, it decreased to 11-33%. Quick's one stage prothrombin time was reduced over 4-8 days, the lowest values were 22-55%. The PTT showed only a small reaction on the single administration of 0.75 mg/kg phenprocoumon. Differences in the effect on the coagulation between the i.v. and the oral administration could not be observed. In comparison to warfarin, phenprocoumon showed a longer t0.5 (beta) and produced a markedly longer hypothrombogenic reaction. Therefore phenprocoumon appeared to be more suitable for a long term anticoagulation therapy in horses than the structurally related warfarin. 相似文献
4.
The cavity, that belongs to the glans clitoridis and that has to be removed in accord with the regulations and rules for the import of horses of CEM carrier states, has not been taken up in the NAV (1983). Conform to the statements of the clinical physicians and to the declarations of the American literature the nomenclature "Sinus clitoridis" is proposed for the international use. 相似文献
5.
Over 130 cases of equine periodic ophthalmia (p.o.), which were treated as in-patients at the Equine Clinic of the Free University of Berlin in the last 35 years, were examined statistically in relation to the age and gender of the animals involved as well as to the development of the illness and the season in which it arose. As regards aetiology, the extraction of 71 affected Trotters was investigated. Antibodies to toxoplasmosis, leptospirosis and intestinal parasites were found only in some of the patients. Younger animals, aged between one and four years, and male animals (63.6%) were predominantly affected. The results of the examinations of faeces showed no correlation between cases of p.o. and a vermination of the horses. The examinations for antibodies to toxoplasmosis gave no indication of a participation of the toxoplasmas in the aetiology of recurrent uveitis. In contrast, the results of the examinations for antibodies to leptospirosis, of which 58.8% were positive, showed a seven to ten times higher infection than in healthy horses in Berlin. Breed analysis showed that in certain breeds of Trotters and warm-blooded horses, p.o. illnesses were frequent, supporting the hypothesis that the occurrence of p.o. is due to a hereditary, allergic reaction, triggered by various factors, in particular an infection without clinical signs. 相似文献
6.
Infections with EHV1 can lead to manifestation at the CNS of horses followed by encephalomyelitis and "equine stroke". Horse experiments could confirm the clinical picture and gave links to the potential pathogenesis of the disease. We also have been in the position to isolate and characterize an EHV4 virus out of the brain of a horse with CNS disorders. The two viruses carry different biological properties which obviously dominate the pathogenesis. These properties as well as experimental and field cases are described and different diagnostic tests are discussed. 相似文献
7.
Plasma gastrin levels in horses with colic] 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The plasma gastrin levels in fasted horses (21.1 +/- 15.6 pg/ml), in horses with spasmodic colic (7.3 +/- 5.4 pg/ml) and in horses with impaction of the left ventral large colon and/or pelvic flexure (11.4 +/- 3.1 pg/ml) were not significantly different. The plasma gastrin concentrations of horses with strangulation obstruction of the small intestine, large colon displacement or adynamic ileus, and which had no gastric reflux, were 12.9 +/- 8.7 pg/ml and did not differ from fasted gastrin levels. Horses which had 5-10 litres of stomach content reflux had a higher mean gastrin level (32.2 +/- 22.6 pg/ml) (range 8.7-83.0) than the fasted horses. The mean plasma gastrin level (69.0 +/- 32.2 pg/ml) (range 27.0-122.0 pg/ml) in horses which had gastric reflux and 11-20 litres of stomach content outflow through the nasogastric tube were significantly higher (P less than 0.0004) than in fasted horses or in horses with spasmodic colic, impaction of the left ventral large colon or in horses from which no gastric reflux could be obtained. 相似文献
8.
Myopathies in a riding horse stable 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
J Zentek 《Tier?rztliche Praxis》1991,19(2):167-169
In this case report on myopathies in 6 saddle-horses, a combined dietary vitamin E and selenium deficiency is presumed. Other disorders, such as exertional myopathy ("Monday morning disease") due to excessive energy intake or ionophore intoxication could be excluded by calculating the energy supply or by a simple colour test. The selenium requirement of horses is estimated to 0.1-0.2 mg/kg dry matter (Meyer 1986). If natural feed compounds are low in selenium, adequate amounts of this trace element can be supplied by means of supplemental feeds, sodium selenite (20 mg/500 kg BW/week) or bruised linseed (cooked, 200-500 g/d). In horses tolerance of increased selenium intake is low. After oral administration of sodium selenite lethal dose was 3.3 mg/kg bodyweight. In feedstuffs selenium concentration must be below 5 mg/kg dry matter (Traub-Dargatz et al, 1986). The intake of vitamin E should be 0.25-1 mg/kg bodyweight. The requirements are influenced by feed compounds, especially the concentration of dietary unsaturated fatty acids, and the performance of the horses (Meyer 1986). Foals, pregnant or lactating mares, and racing horses have higher requirements. In acute disease vitamin E and selenium are given parenterally (5 mg Se/horse) or by oral application of sodium selenite (46% selenium, 20 mg/horse), in addition to symptomatical treatment. 相似文献
9.
H J Rapp 《Tier?rztliche Praxis》1988,16(2):167-173
During the combination of oral and intravenous application of saline solution for treatment of the COPD of horses the level of hydraemia basing on the total protein concentration in the serum, the urine production and the specific weight of urine was determined. Additionally the development of serum concentration and of renal excretion rates of potassium, calcium and magnesium were ascertained. The level of hydraemia resulting from the combined method is almost identical with the solely intravenous performed hyperinfusion therapy. Due to the excessive application of fluid an extremely high level of urine production is reached which causes a reduced specific weight as well as an increased renal excretion of potassium, calcium and magnesium. The result is a real loss of electrolytes which is - apart from hydraemia - the reason for the lower level of the corresponding serum concentrations. This seems to be important, especially for potassium and magnesium, because the organism is unable to compensate the loss of these electrolytes in the same way as the loss of calcium. In connection with the renal loss of electrolytes during the high level of urine production glucosuria is observed. 相似文献
10.
Xylazine and Ketamine were used for anaesthesia in 250 adult horses. This combination is useful both for induction and maintenance of anaesthesia. The induction with Xylazine and Ketamine has been successful not only with foals but also with high risk patients such as horses with colic. During the maintenance of anaesthesia Xylazine/Ketamine can be used with injectable anaesthetics as well as with volatile anaesthetics at the same time. A form of injection anaesthesia for short-time surgical procedures like castration and wound repair is presented. The maintenance of a Thiobarbiturate/Guaifenesin anaesthesia with Xylazine/Ketamine seems to be suitable for field conditions. 相似文献
11.
H J Wintzer 《Tier?rztliche Praxis》1986,14(4):495-500
A long-term treatment with biotin (vitamin H) in 5 warm-blooded horses and 10 trotter horses is reported. The dose of 0.031-0.037 mg/kg body weight was well tolerated, and with a therapy period up to 10 months an improvement of the horn quality of the growing hoof could be attained as it had not been possible before with other measures. Biotin (Gabiotan) is recommendable as a therapeutic in all cases of hoof problems which are based on disturbed horn elasticity. 相似文献
12.
Metacarpal or metatarsal exostoses were diagnosed in 112 horses used for sport purposes between January 1976 to December 1987. Fourteen of these patients were treated surgically by subperiosteal removal of the exostosis. All animals which could be followed up had returned to their original use. The average time of use after discharge from the clinic was 38.4 months. Surgery was successful in completely removing the exostoses in 58.3% of these horses. The indications for anaesthesia and resection of the ulnar nerve are discussed. 相似文献
13.
H R?cken 《Tier?rztliche Praxis》1988,16(2):145-146
The paper describes a deer with sacculation of the oral cavity floor. The diverticulum had no influence on ingestion and physical development. 相似文献
14.
H H Sambraus 《Tier?rztliche Praxis》1988,16(1):13-19
Due to motorization the heavy horses, in particular draught horses and carriage horses, were deprived of their "raison d'être". At present therefore, they mostly are found in small livestocks. The past few years they regained some significance through their work in the forests, as an attraction in tourism or somewhere else. In German speaking countries approximately 15 horse breeds must be considered to be threatened in their existence. Breeding history, appearance, use and geographical distribution of 12 of them are discussed in this article. 相似文献
15.
Vicki S. Blazer Cassidy H. Shaw Cheyenne R. Smith Peter Emerson Thomas Jones 《Journal of fish diseases》2020,43(1):91-100
In 2012, brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) with large, raised, black growths were first reported from multiple areas within the Vermont portion of Lake Memphremagog. Subsequent surveys conducted from 2014 to 2017 at two sites within the lake indicated a prevalence of 30% in adult brown bullhead 200 mm and above total length. These lesions ranged from slightly raised smooth black areas to large nodular areas on the body surface and fins and within the oral cavity. Microscopically, these lesions were determined to be malignant melanoma with invasion into surrounding hypodermis, skeletal muscle and bone as well as metastases to gill, ovary and intestine. Liver neoplasms were also observed in 8% of the bullhead collected from Lake Memphremagog in 2015. Neither skin nor liver neoplasms were noted in Ticklenaked Pond, a site used for comparison. 相似文献
16.
F R Ungemach 《Tier?rztliche Praxis》1985,13(1):35-53
Doping in performance horses is defined as the "illegal application of any substance, except normal diet, that might modify the natural and present capacities of the horse at the time of the race." The prohibition of doping is mainly based on the protection of animals. Doping can be performed with various aims: "doping to win" can be regarded as the classical method by mobilization of overphysiological capacities. Such positive doping may be classified as an acute form using psychomotoric stimulants, as a chronic form using anabolic hormones, and as a paradoxical form using small doses of neuroleptics or tranquilizers in excitable horses. In larger doses these sedatives are acting for "doping to loose" in a more subtle manner as compared to hypnotics. According to the doping regulations there is no difference between therapy and doping at the time of the race. Thus at the race all medications to restore normal performance have to be regarded as doping. This fact especially concerns the therapy of lamenesses with non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs or local anesthetics. A particular problem is "inadvertent" doping due to unknown side effects, combinations of drugs, galenic supplements or food additives. Accidental doping may further be caused by the unawareness of elimination times. At the moment no exact withdrawing times can be defined due to the manifold interindividual variations at different levels of the pharmacokinetics. As a border-line case of doping the application of endogenous substances, like electrolytes or glucose, may be regarded. Though their parenteral application is prohibited prior to the race, only bicarbonate or "blood doping" may be considered to be effective as positive doping. Special doping methods are the use of "masking" substances or diuretics in order to make more difficult the detection of illegal drugs as well as physical doping procedures which are often hardly to define and which thus are only in part included in the doping regulations. 相似文献
17.
As in humans, an increase in the incidence of concurrent diseases occurs in dogs and cats with age. To some extent considerable species specific differences occur; the dog is affected more than the cat. In advanced age more chronic diseases are observed as in humans. The following diseases show a particular predisposition in aged dogs and cats: The dog exhibits especially non-inflammatory skin diseases, cardiopathies, chronic diseases of the respiratory tract, oral cavity, liver, kidneys and urinary tract, diseases of the CNS, and tumours, whereas the cat suffers from the leukaemia complex, to a lesser extent from non-inflammatory skin and cardiac diseases, also from chronic diseases of the oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract, liver, kidneys and urinary tract, endocrine system, and tumours. 相似文献
18.
The immersible culture medium MICUR-BT used in human medicine for the detection of antimicrobial substances in the urine was tested for its suitability in pigs. In in-vitro tests, 15 pure antibiotic substances, 2 pure substance mixtures as well as 5 veterinary injection preparations with no direct antimicrobial effect were checked. The agar perforation test was used as a reference procedure. In a total of 65 pigs the detectability of 9 pure antibiotic and chemotherapeutic agents, 2 pure substance mixtures as well as 5 veterinary drugs with no direct antimicrobial effect was tested after oral or parenteral application. In the in-vivo tests the MICUR-BT test turned out to be more reliable than the agar perforation test. In 76.9% of the untreated pigs below 30 kg b.w. the MICUR-BT-test showed an antimicrobial effect. Such effects were reduced by 38.3% in the reference procedure. 相似文献
19.
The present study examined the appearance, ossification and growth of the bones that form the oral cavity in early larval stages of laboratory reared red sea bream ( Pagrus major ) for 380 h after hatching. The fundamental elements of the oral cavity appeared 11 h after initial mouth opening (HAMO). Development in the red sea bream, based on the osteological development of the feeding apparatus, was divided into three phases following the first feeding (24 HAMO; mean total body length 3.3 mm). The first phase was the early sucking phase (24 to 80–100 HAMO; approximately 3.9 mm), during which the head and bones increased in size. The intensified sucking phase (to 200–220 HAMO; approximately 4.9 mm) was defined by the appearance of new structural elements and a continued enlargement of the head and bones. Finally, during the transition phase (beyond 300 HAMO; approximately 5.6 mm), larvae used grasping as well as sucking to feed, new elements appeared, ossification began, size increased and teeth were acquired. As the larvae advanced through these three phases, the ability to feed by sucking was enhanced by the appearance and growth of new bones. The developmental phases appear to be linked to the transition from endogenous to exogenous nutrition resources under laboratory rearing conditions and to diversification in the size and components of wild food organisms. 相似文献
20.
在水温(20±0.5)℃下,给体质量(50±10)g的鲫Carassius auratus单剂量口灌20mg/kg(体质量)甲苯咪唑后0.25h、0.5h、0.75h、1h、1.5h、2h、4h、6h、8h、12h、24h、36h、48h,及72h,采集鲫血浆,利用高效液相色谱法测定血浆中药物的浓度,药动学DAS3.0软件进行数据分析和处理,研究甲苯咪唑在鱼体内的吸收和消除规律。结果表明:单次口灌给药后,甲苯咪唑在血浆中的药时关系符合一级吸收二室开放模型。每天给药一次,连续3d,氨基甲苯咪唑(MBZ-NH2)于25d后低于检测限(0.0465μg/m L)。在本试验条件下,建议休药期不低于25d。 相似文献