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1.
Bleeding during surgical procedures is a common complication. Therefore, hemostatic agents have been developed to control bleeding, and fibrin sealants have several benefits. sFilm-FS is a novel fibrin sealant that comprises a biodegradable co-polymeric film embedded with human fibrinogen and thrombin. Herein, the safety and efficacy of sFilm-FS were compared using a liver and spleen puncture model of Göttingen minipigs with those of the standard hemostatic techniques (control animals) and EVARREST®, a reference fibrin sealant. Hemostasis and reduced blood loss were more effectively achieved with sFilm-FS than with the standard techniques in the control animals and comparable to those achieved with EVARREST®. No treatment-related adverse effects were observed in any of the groups. Histopathological evaluation indicated that sFilm-FS was slightly and moderately reactive at the liver puncture site and spleen, respectively, compared with the standard techniques in the control animals. These changes are expected degradation reactions of the co-polymeric film and are not considered as adverse events. No treatment-related abnormalities were noted in the other evaluated organs. Additionally, no evidence of local or systemic thromboses was noted. These results support the use of sFilm-FS for hemostasis in humans.  相似文献   

2.
Background: The calibrated automated thrombogram (CAT), an assay that permits measurement of thrombin generation in plasma, may be useful in studying hemostatic disorders and anticoagulant therapy in animals. Objectives: The aims of the study were to measure thrombin generation in healthy Beagle dogs and to evaluate the potential use of the CAT assay for monitoring therapy with unfractionated heparin (UFH). Methods: Individual platelet‐poor plasma samples and a plasma pool from 20 healthy adult Beagles were prepared. Serial UFH plasma dilutions were used to establish an in vitro heparin‐sensitivity curve. The pharmacodynamic effects of heparin in vivo were evaluated in Beagles using the CAT assay to measure thrombin generation with tissue factor at a concentration of 5 pM for initiation. Results: In healthy Beagles, the range of endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) was 238.7–414.0 nM/min (mean ± SD, 340.4 ± 63.1 nM/min). ETP intra‐assay and interassay variations were 7.1% and 12.9%, respectively. In vitro, a UFH concentration ≥0.4 U/mL resulted in total inhibition of thrombin generation. In vivo, the maximal effect of UFH on ETP was observed at 170 ± 36 minutes (range, 120–210 minutes) and resulted in a decrease in ETP of 38.5 ± 7.8% (range, 26.5–50.3%). In 210–420 minutes, ETP returned to baseline in 5 dogs. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that thrombin generation can be measured in canine plasma and may be useful in assessing the degree of anticoagulation provided by UFH.  相似文献   

3.
To evaluate the hemostatic effects of desmopressin (DDAVP) in dogs with aspirin-induced platelet dysfunction and hemostatic impairment in chronic liver diseases, 3 microg/kg DDAVP was administrated subcutaneously. In aspirin-induced platelet dysfunction dogs (n=5), prolonged BMBT (buccal mucosal bleeding time) was shortened significantly after DDAVP injection (2.2 +/- 1.2 min, P<0.05). In dogs with chronic liver diseases (n=4), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) tended to shorten by 0.9 to 3.0 sec, and prolonged BMBT was shortened in two cases for 4.2 and 1.7 min after DDAVP injection. Therefore, the present results indicated that DDAVP shortened the prolonged BMBT in dogs with aspirin-induced platelet dysfunction and chronic liver disease. DDAVP might be helpful in hemostasis under invasive procedures such as biopsy or surgery for dogs with hemostatic impairment.  相似文献   

4.
Two populations of dogs with cutaneous hemangiomas and hemangiosarcomas were evaluated retrospectively. One population consisted of 96 dogs seen at the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital at the University of California, Davis. The second population consisted of 116 dogs that had skin biopsy specimens submitted to a private veterinary diagnostic laboratory for histologic diagnosis. Nine dogs from the teaching hospital and 2 dogs, from which samples had been submitted to the veterinary diagnostic laboratory, developed hemostatic defects in association with the tumors. Hemostatic defects included hemorrhage directly from the tumor, thrombocytopenia, hypofibrinogenemia, and findings associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation. Because bleeding during surgery can develop in animals with hemostatic defects, dogs with one or more tumors suspected of being vascular in origin should have platelet numbers and hemostatic analytes evaluated prior to surgery, especially if petechiae or ecchymoses are evident.  相似文献   

5.
Objective: To (1) describe a technique for splenic vessel hemostasis and (2) report complications and outcome after use of bipolar sealant device during splenectomy in dogs. Study Design: Case series. Animals: Dogs (n=27) with naturally occurring splenic disease. Methods: Between January 2006 and March 2008, splenectomy was performed using a vessel sealant device in 27 dogs with naturally occurring splenic disease. Number of sutures needed for splenectomy and complications were recorded. Splenic artery diameter was measured using a caliper. Intraoperative hemostasis, device ease of use, postoperative hemorrhage, and short‐term survival were evaluated. Results: Splenectomy was performed successfully in 27 dogs with the vessel sealant device; none of the dogs required vessel ligation with suture. The splenic artery was dissected and adequately sealed in each dog. One dog was readmitted 4 days after surgery with hemoabdomen. Abdominal exploration revealed splenic pedicle hemorrhage and pancreatitis, the vessel sealant device was used to coagulate splenic pedicle bleeding. The dog was alive at suture removal. Conclusion: In dogs, a vessel sealant device may be used to achieve efficient and safe hemostasis of the splenic vascular pedicle without sutures.  相似文献   

6.
The buccal mucosa bleeding time (BMBT; duration of hemorrhage from standardized cuts made with a spring-loaded disposable device in the mucosal surface of the upper lip) was used to evaluate the hemostatic competence of dogs. The mean (+/- SD) BMBT for 34 healthy dogs was 2.62 +/- 0.49 minutes. The BMBT of healthy dogs anesthetized with halothane or tranquilized with xylazine were not significantly different from the BMBT of healthy dogs evaluated without chemical restraint. The BMBT was significantly (P less than 0.01) prolonged 21 hours after aspirin (10 mg/kg of body weight) was administered orally to 10 healthy dogs; however, the mean aspirin-induced increase in BMBT was only 0.40 minutes. The BMBT of 28 of 30 dogs with various diseases not traditionally associated with hemostatic deficiencies were near or within the range of BMBT for healthy dogs; however, 2 dogs had BMBT of greater than 8 minutes. In contrast, BMBT were prolonged in most dogs with diseases known to induce deficient primary hemostasis; the 3 dogs with thrombocytopenia (less than or equal to 20,000 platelets/microliter), the 7 Doberman Pinschers with von Willebrand's disease (von Willebrand factor antigen; less than or equal to 18 U/dl), and 5 of the 6 dogs with severe azotemia (serum urea nitrogen; greater than or equal to 124 mg/dl) had prolonged BMBT. The BMBT of 16 dogs were determined immediately before they were subjected to various surgical procedures, and the severity of the hemorrhage encountered during these procedures was subjectively evaluated; the amount of hemorrhage from 12 of the 16 dogs was considered to be appropriate for the corresponding surgical procedures, but the remaining 4 dogs bled excessively during surgery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

7.
Copper toxicosis in the Bedlington terrier is an inherited defect. This paper describes the investigation of 62 Bedlington terriers, none of which had shown any clinical signs of liver disease, in order to assess the prevalence of copper toxicosis in the breed in the United Kingdom. Twenty one (33·9 per cent) of the dogs investigated had abnormally high levels of copper in the liver. No reliable circulating haematological or biochemical parameters were found to identify those dogs with increased hepatic copper levels and the diagnosis could only be established by liver biopsy. Affected dogs had liver copper levels of between 257·5 and 2558·0 μpg per g of wet weight (1163·8 ± 164 μg/g, mean ± SEM) compared with normal dogs which had between 9·9 and 118·6 μg/g of wet weight (49·0 & 4·4 μg/g, mean ± SEM). Copper accumulation in the liver of affected dogs could also be detected on histological examination using special stains.  相似文献   

8.
ObjectiveTo evaluate and compare hemostatic variables and clinical bleeding following the administration of 6% hetastarch (600/0.75) or lactated Ringer’s solution (LRS) to dogs anesthetized for orthopedic surgery.Study designRandomized blinded prospective study.AnimalsFourteen, healthy adult mixed-breed hound dogs of either sex, aged 11–13 months, and weighing 20.8 ± 1.2 kg.MethodsThe dogs were randomly assigned to receive a 10 mL kg?1 intravenous (IV) bolus of either 6% hetastarch (600/0.75) or LRS over 20 minutes followed by a maintenance infusion of LRS (10 mL kg?1hour?1) during anesthesia. Before (Baseline) and at 1 and 24 hours after bolus administration, packed cell volume (PCV), total protein concentration (TP), prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), von Willebrand’s factor antigen concentration (vWF:Ag), factor VIII coagulant activity (F VIII:C), platelet count, platelet aggregation, colloid osmotic pressure (COP) and buccal mucosal bleeding time (BMBT) were measured. In addition a surgeon who was blinded to the treatments assessed bleeding from the incision site during the procedure and at 1 and 24 hours after the bolus administration.ResultsFollowing hetastarch or LRS administration, the PCV and TP decreased significantly 1-hour post-infusion. APTT did not change significantly compared to baseline in either treatment group, but the PT was significantly longer at 1-hour post-infusion than at 24 hours in both groups. No significant change was detected for vWF:Ag, FVIII:C, platelet aggregation or clinical bleeding in either group. The BMBT increased while platelet count decreased significantly at 1-hour post-infusion in both groups. The COP decreased significantly in both treatment groups 1-hour post-infusion but was significantly higher 1-hour post-infusion in the hetastarch group compared to the LRS group.Conclusions and clinical relevanceAt the doses administered, both hetastarch and LRS can alter hemostatic variables in healthy dogs. However, in these dogs undergoing orthopedic surgery, neither fluid was associated with increased clinical bleeding.  相似文献   

9.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a canine D-dimer point-of-care (cD-d POC) test kit for use in healthy dogs and dogs with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), thromboembolic disease (TED), and hemorrhage. ANIMALS: 12 healthy dogs, 18 dogs with DIC, 23 dogs with TED (19 acute and 4 chronic), and 18 dogs with hemorrhage. PROCEDURE: The cD-d POC, canine D-dimer ELISA (cD-d ELISA), human D-dimer latex agglutination (hD-d LA), and fibrin degradation product (FDP) tests were performed on citrated plasma. RESULTS: All healthy dogs had negative cD-d POC test results and mean cD-d ELISA value of 0.2 U/mL. All dogs with DIC had positive cD-d POC test results and mean cD-d ELISA value of 44 U/mL. Dogs with acuteTED had a mean cD-d ELISA value of 34 U/mL, and 17 of 19 had positive cD-d POC test results. Mean cD-d ELISA value in dogs with hemorrhage was 14 units/mL, and 15 of 18 had positive cD-d POC test results. The cD-d ELISA values in dogs with hemorrhage were significantly higher than those of healthy dogs but lower than those of dogs with DIC and acute TED. The cD-d POC, cD-d ELISA, and hD-d LA tests were comparable in differentiating healthy dogs from dogs with DIC, acute TED, or hemorrhage and appeared to be superior to measurement of FDPs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The cD-d POC test kit can be quickly and easily used and reliably detects dogs with DIC or acute TED. Positive results may also be seen in dogs with internal hemorrhage.  相似文献   

10.
Background: Iohexol is a nonradioactive marker that has been used successfully to test intestinal permeability in humans with inflammatory bowel disease. There is evidence in dogs that iohexol shares a similar permeability pathway as 51chromium‐EDTA, the gold standard marker. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine an optimal oral iohexol dosage for an intestinal permeability serum test (IPST) and to use the test to estimate intestinal permeability in healthy dogs. Methods: Eight clinically healthy dogs free of gastrointestinal, liver, and pancreatic disease were used in the study. Dosages of 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 mL/kg of Omnipaque‐350 (iohexol) were administered to 2 dogs at weekly intervals. Iohexol concentration was determined in serum samples obtained hourly for 6 hours after administration by high‐performance liquid chromatography. Using the optimal dosage, iohexol was administered to 8 dogs twice, 6–36 days (mean 10 days) apart, and coefficients of variation (CVs) for iohexol concentration were calculated. Results: A dosage of 2.0 mL/kg was chosen as optimal for the IPST, based on ease of iohexol detection in serum, intestinal contrast, and clinical effects of iohexol. Following administration of this dose to healthy dogs, mean (±SD) serum iohexol concentrations were 8.74±4.38, 11.89±5.67, 12.40±5.47, 9.23±5.54, 7.61±5.13, and 5.27±2.67 μg/mL at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 hours after iohexol administration, respectively. CVs between the 2 test days were 28–45%. Conclusions: Using the iohexol dosage established in this study, the iohexol IPST was easy to perform as a marker for intestinal permeability in dogs. Further studies to establish reference intervals and evaluate the diagnostic value of the iohexol IPST in dogs with gastrointestinal disease are warranted.  相似文献   

11.
OBJECTIVE: To describe and evaluate hemostatic function in critically ill dogs with clinical signs of diseases that predispose to disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). DESIGN: Prospective case series. ANIMALS: 59 critically ill dogs (affected dogs) with clinical signs of diseases known to predispose to DIC and 52 clinically normal dogs (control dogs). PROCEDURE: Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), prothrombin time (PT), thrombin clotting time (TCT), plasma fibrinogen concentration, serum concentration of fibrin and fibrinogen-related antigens (FRA), and plasma antithrombin III (AT III) activity were determined for all dogs. Results from affected dogs were compared with those of control dogs. In some affected dogs, postmortem tissue specimens were examined for evidence of microvascular thrombosis. A diagnosis of DIC was made by fulfilling at least 3 of the following criteria: 1) abnormal aPTT, PT, or TCT value, 2) low plasma fibrinogen concentration, 3) low plasma AT III activity, 4) high serum FRA concentration, or 5) low platelet count. To evaluate the severity of hemostatic dysfunction, 3 arbitrary categories (mild, moderate, and severe) were proposed. RESULTS: A diagnostic strategy based on moderate hemostatic dysfunction identified DIC in 16 of 59 (27.1%) affected dogs. The AT III activity was < 70% in 15 of 16 dogs with DIC. Microvascular thrombosis was observed in tissue specimens from 7 of 8 affected dogs. Serum FRA and plasma fibrinogen concentrations did not contribute in establishing a diagnosis of DIC. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: A diagnosis of DIC can be made when hemostatic dysfunction is moderate in dogs with clinical signs of diseases associated with DIC.  相似文献   

12.
Secondary haemostasis was evaluated in 26 dogs with leishmaniasis and 10 normal dogs by measurements of modified one-stage prothrombin time (m-OSPT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time, fibrinogen concentration and fibrin degradation products. There were no significant differences between the groups in the m-OSPT, fibrinogen concentration, or levels of fibrin degradation products. The APTT was significantly (P = 0.006) longer in the infected dogs than in the control group, and in infected dogs with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities > 50 U/litre. There was a significant linear regression between ALT and APTT. Thrombin time was significantly (P = 0.003) longer in the infected dogs than in the normal dogs. There were no significant differences between the thrombin times of sick dogs with different levels of creatinine or activities of ALT, or between male and female dogs, whether diseased or normal.  相似文献   

13.
OBJECTIVES: To compare the volume of hemorrhage, number of lobules, and portal triads available for histologic evaluation, and resultant collateral damage between 5 hepatic biopsy methods: biopsy punch, biopsy needle, ligature method, laparoscopic biopsy forceps, and ultrasonically activated scalpel (UAS). STUDY DESIGN: Experimental, repeated measures, block. ANIMALS: Twelve adult dogs. METHODS: Biopsies were obtained from the periphery and center of the left lateral liver lobe of each dog using each of 5 biopsy techniques. Hemorrhage was quantified and compared between methods and sites. Biopsy samples were evaluated histologically to characterize collateral damage and determine the number of lobules and portal triads sampled. RESULTS: Regardless of technique, liver biopsy resulted in minimal hemorrhage (<2 mL). For peripheral biopsies, UAS was comparable with the ligature method, but caused significantly less hemorrhage than all other methods, whereas for central biopsies, UAS caused significantly less hemorrhage than other methods. Except for the laparoscopic biopsy forceps, UAS caused significantly more collateral damage than other methods. UAS and ligature biopsy methods yielded specimens that had more portal triads per sample than other methods. Eight of 48 biopsy needle samples were inadequate for histologic evaluation, whereas other methods yielded adequate specimens. CONCLUSIONS: All biopsy methods produced minimal hemorrhage and except for needle biopsy yielded adequate tissue samples for histologic evaluation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Use of UAS is a reliable, safe alternative technique for liver biopsy and can be used laparoscopically to obtain large tissue samples.  相似文献   

14.
Abstract: D-dimer is a neoantigen formed when thrombin initiates the transformation of fibrinogen to fibrin; it is derived from plasmin digestion of cross-linked fibrin. In human medicine, the usefulness of this analyte in diagnosing disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) has been assessed in patients fulfilling the clinical and laboratory requirements for this disorder. In canine medicine, the use of D-dimer is relatively new. Detailed studies are needed to understand the relationship between D-dimer concentration in plasma and DIC status in dogs. We validated a D-dimer immunoturbidimetric assay (Tina-quant [a] D-Dimer, Boehringer Mannheim) in canine citrated plasma samples. Intra-assay and interassay variability (coefficient of variation) was 5.63% and 8.82%, respectively. The assay was linear, using 2 samples with low and high D-dimer concentrations (r = .996 and .998). Accuracy was 102.2% and 95.7% based on a recovery study in which 2 samples were assessed. Reference values for D-dimer were established using 70 healthy dogs that were assessed clinically and evaluated on the basis of a complete laboratory workup. The reference range was set between 0.02 and 0.28 μg/mL (chi-square test for normal distribution, P > .05).  相似文献   

15.
Canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CDS) is a neurodegenerative disorder of aged dogs characterized by a progressive decline in cognitive function. In humans and laboratory animals, a variety of neurotransmitter abnormalities have been described in patients affected by age-related dementia. Specifically, the regulatory role of the catecholaminergic, serotonergic, and cholinergic systems has been outlined. The aim of the present study was to measure blood monoamine levels, platelet α2-adrenergic receptors, and lymphocyte muscarinic receptors in healthy adult and aged dogs and in dogs affected by canine cognitive dysfunction. Based on clinical and behavioral examination, 40 dogs were divided into 3 groups: healthy adults (n = 14), aged dogs (n = 17), and aged dogs affected by canine cognitive dysfunction (n = 9). A significant reduction in plasma levels of norepinephrine and dopamine was observed both in aged dogs (0.16 ± 0.02 ng/mL, P < 0.01; 0.11 ± 02 ng/mL, P < 0.01, respectively) and in CDS dogs (0.14 ± 0.03 ng/mL, P < 0.05; 0.10 ± 00.005 ng/mL, P < 0.01, respectively) compared with adults (0.29 ± 0.04 ng/mL and 0.15 ± 0.02 ng/mL, respectively). No significant differences were observed among groups for α2-adrenergic receptor concentrations. Canine lymphocytes express 2 distinct classes of muscarinic receptors, characterized by high (HA) and low affinity (LA) for [3H]-N-methyl-scopolamine. A significant age-dependent decrease in HA muscarinic receptors was observed. However, no differences were found between aged dogs (87.65 ± 11.08 sites/cell × 102) and in CDS dogs (90.17 ± 6.75 sites/cell × 102 ) for HA muscarinic receptor concentrations. As far as LA muscarinic receptors are concerned, CDS dogs showed a significant increase (393.48 ± 63 sites/cell × 102; P < 0.05) with respect to healthy adult dogs (188.84 ± 16.50 sites/cell × 102). Our results suggest that the reduction in HA muscarinic receptor-binding sites could be representative of the physiological aging process, whereas the increase in lymphocyte LA muscarinic receptor levels could be related to the cognitive decline.  相似文献   

16.
Hemostatic profiles (prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen concentration, fibrin degradation product concentration, platelet count, and antithrombin III activity) were acquired prospectively in 20 dogs with a diagnosis of gastric dilatation-volvulus. Eighteen dogs had abnormal results of one or more hemostatic test, including eight dogs that had hemostatic profiles consistent with a diagnosis of disseminated intravascular coagulation. During surgery, or at necropsy, the dogs' stomachs were evaluated for gross abnormalities, and lesions were graded subjectively as mild, moderate, or severe. Eight dogs had mild gastric lesions, five had moderate lesions, and seven had severe changes indicating gastric necrosis. Seventy percent (7/10) of the dogs with two to six abnormal hemostatic test results had gastric necrosis, whereas none of the 10 dogs with no or one abnormality had gastric necrosis (p < .001). A multiple linear regression equation, based on fibrin degradation product concentration, activated partial thromboplastin time, and antithrombin III activity was derived to predict gastric necrosis. This equation correctly identified gastric necrosis with 86% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% positive predictive value, and 93% negative predictive value.  相似文献   

17.
ObjectiveTo determine the effect of injection speed on epidural pressure (EP), injection pressure (IP), epidural distribution (ED) of solution, and extent of sensory blockade (SB) during lumbosacral epidural anesthesia in dogs.Study designProspective experimental trial.AnimalsTen healthy adult Beagle dogs weighing 8.7 ± 1.6 kg.MethodsGeneral anesthesia was induced with propofol administered intravenously and maintained with isoflurane. Keeping the dogs in sternal recumbency, two spinal needles connected to electrical pressure transducers were inserted into the L6-L7 and the L7-S1 intervertebral epidural spaces for EP and IP measurements, respectively. Bupivacaine 0.5% diluted in iohexol was administered epidurally to each dog via spinal needle at L7-S1 intervertebral space, at two rates of injection (1 and 2 mL minute?1 groups), with a 1-week washout period. Epidural distribution was verified with computed tomography, and SB was evaluated after arousal by pinching the skin with a mosquito hemostatic forceps over the vertebral dermatomes. The results were analyzed according to each injection speed, using paired t- and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests.ResultsMean ± SD of baseline EP and IP values were 2.1 ± 6.1 and 2.6 ± 7.1 mmHg, respectively. Significant differences were observed between 1 and 2 mL minute?1 groups for peak EP (23.1 ± 8.5 and 35.0 ± 14.5 mmHg, p = 0.047) and peak IP (68.5 ± 10.7 and 144.7 ± 32.6 mmHg, p <0.001). However, the median (range) of the ED, 11.5 (4–22) and 12 (5–21) vertebrae, and SB, 3.5 (0–20) and 1 (0–20) dermatomes, values of the two groups were not related to injection speed.Conclusions and clinical relevanceThe EP profile during injection was measured by separating the injection and pressure monitoring lines. The increase in epidural injection speed increased the EP, but not the ED or the SB in dogs.  相似文献   

18.
Differential diagnoses for canine liver disease are commonly based on radiographic estimates of liver size, however little has been published on breed variations. Aims of this study were to describe normal radiographic liver size in Pekingese dogs and to compare normal measurements for this breed with other dog breeds and Pekingese dogs with liver disease. Liver measurements were compared for clinically normal Pekingese (n = 61), normal non‐Pekingese brachycephalic (n = 45), normal nonbrachycephalic (n = 71), and Pekingese breed dogs with liver disease (n = 22). For each dog, body weight, liver length, T11 vertebral length, thoracic depth, and thoracic width were measured on right lateral and ventrodorsal abdominal radiographs. Liver volume was calculated using a formula and ratios of liver length/T11 vertebral length and liver volume/body weight ratio were determined. Normal Pekingese dogs had a significantly smaller liver volume/body weight ratio (16.73 ± 5.67, P < 0.05) than normal non‐Pekingese brachycephalic breed dogs (19.54 ± 5.03) and normal nonbrachycephalic breed dogs (18.72 ± 6.52). The liver length/T11 vertebral length ratio in normal Pekingese (4.64 ± 0.65) was significantly smaller than normal non‐Pekingese brachycephalic breed dogs (5.16 ± 0.74) and normal nonbrachycephalic breed dogs (5.40 ± 0.74). Ratios of liver volume/body weight and liver length/T11 vertebral length in normal Pekingese were significantly different from Pekingese with liver diseases (P < 0.05). Findings supported our hypothesis that Pekingese dogs have a smaller normal radiographic liver size than other breeds. We recommend using 4.64× the length of the T11 vertebra as a radiographic criterion for normal liver length in Pekingese dogs.  相似文献   

19.
Hemorrhage is a major concern in patients undergoing hepatic surgery or in those with hepatic trauma. In these cases, employing traditional hemostatic strategies can be problematic due to the diffuse nature of hepatic hemorrhage and limited opportunities for direct hemostasis. This study assessed the efficacy of a bovine-derived thrombin solution, (BT), as a topical liquid agent to augment hemostasis and survival following severe hepatic hemorrhage in a rat model. Heart rate (HR), arterial blood pressure (ABP), packed cell volume (PCV), and overall survival were evaluated in 54 rats randomly assigned to receive topical application of BT, saline, or suture ligation applied immediately to a liver lobe following controlled laceration. Six additional rats received liver laceration with no applied treatment. Intravenous fluid resuscitation was initiated and HR and ABP were recorded for 60 min, after which survivors were recovered from anesthesia. Rats were then monitored for 72 h, after which survivors were euthanized. There was no significant difference in survival time, percentage survival, intra-operative ABP or HR, or post-operative PCV between treatment groups. There is insufficient evidence to recommend BT as the sole therapy using this delivery method for mitigating severe hemorrhage from liver injury.  相似文献   

20.
BACKGROUND: Some retired racing Greyhounds (RRG) that undergo surgery bleed excessively. Hypothesis: Greyhounds that bleed excessively will have one or more preoperative hemostatic abnormalities that can be used to predict the risk and severity of postoperative bleeding. ANIMALS: Eighty-eight RRG undergoing ovariohysterectomy or castration. METHODS: All dogs were evaluated preoperatively with a physical exam, CBC, platelet count, OSPT, APTT, platelet function with PFA-100(a); fibrinogen, d-dimer, plasminogen (Plmg), antiplasmin (AP), antithrombin (AT), and vWF concentration (vWF:Ag); vWF collagen binding assay (vWF:CBA), and Factor XIII assay. Assays were repeated in the dogs that bled, and in an age- and sex-matched control group of RRG. RESULTS: Twenty-six percent of the dogs had bleeding 36-48 hours after surgery. AP (P <.0001) and AT concentration (P= .007) were significantly lower, and vWF:CBA (P= .0284) was higher preoperatively in the dogs with excessive hemorrhage. A lower platelet count (P= .001) and hematocrit (P= .002), shorter OSPT (P= .0002) and higher plasma fibrinogen (P <.0001), and AP (P= .001) concentration were detected at the time of bleeding compared with preoperative values in the dogs that bleed excessively. The same findings were observed postoperatively for the control group, except for the decrease in hematocrit. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: The results indicate that this excessive postoperative bleeding is not attributable to a primary or secondary hemostatic defect, but could result from altered fibrinolysis.  相似文献   

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