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1.
施氮量对稻季氨挥发特点与氮素利用的影响 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
在砂土和黏土两种土壤类型上,研究了施氮量对田面水NH4+ N浓度、氨挥发损失量、水稻产量、氮肥利用效率和土壤剖面氮素含量的影响。施氮后田面水NH4+ N浓度和氨挥发量都随着施氮量的增加而增加,且在施氮后1~3 d达到峰值,黏土要低于砂土;氨挥发损失量为分蘖肥时期＞倒4叶穗肥期＞基肥时期＞倒2叶穗肥期;黏土上稻季氨挥发总损失量为10.49~87.06 kg/hm2,占施氮量的10.92％~21.76％;砂土上稻季氨挥发总损失量为11.32~102.43 kg/hm2,占施氮量的11.32％~25.61％;施氮后氨挥发峰值和田面水铵态氮峰值同步出现,以分蘖肥时期最大,两者比值范围为23.76％~3365％;随着施氮量的增加,水稻产量增加,氮素积累量也增加,而氮肥利用效率降低;黏土上的水稻产量和氮素积累量要略高于砂土上的;土壤氮素含量在土壤深度40~50 cm处最低,相应各层土壤氮素含量随着施氮量的增加而提高,黏土要高于砂土。从氨挥发损失的角度来看,当施氮量超过250 kg/hm2时,氨挥发损失总量将跃增; 而从水稻获得高产的角度来看,施氮量应为300 kg/hm2左右,因此,试验条件下水稻高产且环境安全的适宜施氮量为250~300 kg/hm2。 相似文献
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《杂交水稻》2019,(3):61-66
以杂交水稻内5优5399为试验材料,设置0、75、150和225 kg/hm~2等4个施氮量水平,探究不同施氮量对杂交水稻干物质积累、养分吸收及产量的影响。结果表明,在不同施氮量处理下,株高、叶面积指数、干物质积累量、有效穗数、千粒重和产量随着施氮量的增加总体呈现增加趋势;随着施氮量的增加,植株的含氮量在拔节期呈上升趋势,在抽穗期和成熟期为先上升后降低;含磷量在拔节期和成熟期呈上升趋势,在抽穗期先上升后降低;含钾量在各个生育时期均呈先上升后降低的趋势;在各个生育时期内,随着施氮量的增加,水稻对氮、磷、钾养分的吸收量总体上呈增加趋势。在本试验条件下的4个施氮处理中,内5优5399以增量施氮的每公顷施氮225 kg产量最高,达到9 070.03 kg/hm~2。 相似文献
3.
氮肥运筹对膜下滴灌水稻生长和产量的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以T-04为材料,设置不同施氮量(0、200、270、340kg/hm2)和3种施肥策略(即m基肥∶m分蘖肥∶m促花肥∶m保花肥=15∶30∶40∶15、25∶40∶30∶5、40∶15∶35∶10),研究施氮量和施肥策略对膜下滴灌水稻干物质积累动态和产量形成的影响,以探明不同施氮量和氮肥运筹方式对水稻生长和产量形成的影响,并提出最佳的施氮量和施肥策略。结果表明,施氮显著提高膜下滴灌水稻的干物质积累量和籽粒产量,270kg/hm2施氮水平具有最高生物学产量和经济学产量,籽粒产量达到9657.7kg/hm2。施氮量显著影响水稻茎蘖数、有效穗数、成穗率、每穗粒数、实粒数和千粒重。施肥策略对膜下滴灌水稻的有效穗数和成穗率影响显著,以施肥策略S1(基肥∶分蘖肥∶促花肥∶保花肥=15∶30∶40∶15)处理的水稻产量最高。氮肥后移有助于提高膜下滴灌水稻的有效穗数、成穗率,形成高产。对水稻膜下滴灌高产栽培模式而言,270kg/hm2的施氮水平和基肥∶分蘖肥∶促花肥∶保花肥=15∶30∶40∶15的氮肥运筹模式较为合理。 相似文献
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5.
红壤稻田钾肥施用量对超级稻生长及产量的影响 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
以超高产水稻中浙优1号、甬优9号为材料,研究土壤不同钾素水平(50 mg/kg、90 mg/kg)及钾肥用量(0、75、150、225 kg/hm2氯化钾)对水稻生长和产量的影响。土壤不同钾素水平对穗数、成穗率、每穗粒数、着粒密度、株高、叶片叶绿素含量（SPAD值）和光合速率有显著影响,差异达显著水平;不同时期施用钾肥对产量的贡献依次为：基肥>分蘖肥>穗肥,产量差异达到3%~10%;随着施钾量增加植株高度明显增加,中浙优1号上表现更为明显,且随着施钾量增加,茎秆加粗,特别是基部节间粗度增加尤为明显。施钾与不施钾相比,两个品种产量分别增加5.6%和8.8%,但产量增加并不与施钾量成正比,不同施钾水平间产量差异不显著。 相似文献
6.
太湖地区定位施氮与耗竭后施氮对水稻产量及氮肥利用率的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过在太湖地区持续施氮和土壤氮耗竭1年后再施氮的对比试验,研究了施氮量对水稻产量、干物质积累、植株吸氮量、氮肥利用效率和土壤氮素的影响。经过3季(稻-麦-稻)不施氮处理,第3季作物水稻的产量显著下降,仅6673.42kg/hm2;持续施氮和氮耗竭1年后施氮处理的产量均随着施氮量的增加而提高,但增产幅度逐渐减小,当施氮量为300kg/hm2时,水稻产量最高,分别为10514.95kg/hm2和10472.36kg/hm2,施氮量继续增加时水稻都出现倒伏而减产;各施氮处理植株的干物质积累、总吸氮量和土壤全氮含量都随施氮量的增加而提高,而氮肥利用效率都随施氮量的增加而降低;氮耗竭1年后施氮处理与持续施氮处理之间的各项指标变化不明显,说明这些指标与氮耗竭1年后的土壤背景氮关系不密切,而与当季施氮量有关。 相似文献
7.
为明确秸秆还田配施不同水平氮肥下麦田的氮素平衡状况,在夏玉米秸秆全部还田的基础上设置了不同的氮肥处理,测定了小麦植株全N含量、土壤硝态氮含量、氮肥氨挥发量和籽粒产量,分析了麦田不同土层硝态氮含量和积累量的变化趋势以及施氮量对氮素利用效率和麦田氮素平衡的影响。结果表明,小麦植株氮含量、植株氮素总积累量、籽粒产量均随施氮量的增加而显著增加;施加氮肥使氮素养分利用率、氮肥偏生产力显著降低。与播种时期土壤硝态氮含量相比,成熟期硝态氮含量降低,且施氮处理下土壤硝态氮含量、硝态氮积累量高于不施氮处理;硝态氮积累量主要分布在麦田土壤表层,与施氮量成正相关关系。施氮量为0、160、220、280kg·hm~(-2)时,硝态氮淋失量分别为5.04、13.10、17.10、37.26kg·hm~(-2)。氮肥的氨挥发速率在施肥后第一天达到最高,随后逐渐降低,遇到降雨或灌溉迅速降低至不施氮处理的氨挥发水平,氮肥氨挥发量与施氮量及时间存在正相关关系。160、220、280kg·hm~(-2)施氮量处理下,氮肥氨挥发量分别为0.65、0.77、1.01kg·hm~(-2)。从麦田氮素平衡来看,不施氮肥处理耗竭土壤氮素资源;施氮量为160kg·hm~(-2)时,有消耗土壤氮的风险;施氮量为220kg·hm~(-2)时,氮素投入与氮素输出保持平衡;施氮量为280kg·hm~(-2)时,有大量氮素损失到环境中的风险。为有效控制氮素淋溶和氨挥发损失,兼顾产量和节约生产成本,该区推荐施氮量为220kg·hm~(-2)。 相似文献
8.
秸秆还田耦合施氮水平对水稻光合特性、氮素吸收及产量形成的影响 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
在田间定位试验条件下,研究了4个秸秆还田量水平[0kg/hm2(S0)、4000kg/hm2(S4)、6000kg/hm2(S6)、8000kg/hm2(S8)]耦合4个施氮水平[0kg/hm2(N0)、90kg/hm2(N90)、180kg/hm2(N180)、270kg/hm2(N270)]对水稻茎蘖动态、生育后期光合特性、干物质积累特征、氮素吸收和产量形成的影响。结果表明:1)不施氮条件下,秸秆还田明显抑制水稻生育前期茎蘖的发生和茎蘖高峰的形成,促进水稻后期的干物质积累、氮素吸收,提高剑叶光合速率,稻谷产量增加2.22%~4.44%。2)氮肥单施条件下,随着施氮量的增加水稻茎蘖数和最高苗数显著增加,分蘖高峰提前7~14d;施氮显著增加水稻各生育期干物质积累量、氮素吸收量和稻谷产量,明显延缓水稻生育后期剑叶光合速率的下降。3)同等施氮条件下,与S0相比,秸秆还田S4、S6处理促进水稻茎蘖发生,成熟期植株吸氮量显著增加,以S6处理增幅最大,平均增加36.58%,生育后期剑叶光合速率维持在较高水平;S8处理则对水稻茎蘖发生、光合作用和氮素吸收表现出负面影响。4)秸秆还田耦合施氮量显著影响单位面积有效穗数和稻谷产量,与N0S0相比,两者配施水稻显著增产9.59%~23.51%,以N180S6处理产量最高,达10.56t/hm2。适宜的秸秆还田量耦合施氮量可促进水稻茎蘖发生和有效穗形成,增加氮素和光合同化物积累,从而增加稻谷产量。 相似文献
9.
氮肥运筹对不同类型水稻产量和氮素吸收的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
根据水稻的生育特性及氮素需求规律进行氮肥运筹,对于降低水稻氮肥用量、减少稻田氮素损失、提高种稻经济效益以及保护环境都具有重要意义。本文选择杂交稻中浙优1号、常规稻南粳5055为试验材料,采用田间试验方法,就不同氮肥用量及施氮比例对水稻产量及氮素吸收的影响进行了研究。结果表明,不同类型水稻对氮肥的需求存在明显差异,南粳5055施氮量为225 kg/hm2的处理产量明显高于施氮量180 kg/hm2的处理,而中浙优1号相反。不同施氮比例对水稻产量也有明显影响,增加穗肥施用比例对2种水稻的地上部生长量、氮素吸收量及产量均表现出促进作用。上述结果说明,水稻适宜施氮量的确定要根据品种的不同进行调整;氮肥后移有利于水稻产量的提高。 相似文献
10.
以杂交籼稻内5优5399为材料,研究了秸秆还田与施氮量对杂交籼稻氮素利用效率及产量的影响。结果表明,水稻前中期秸秆离田处理的各器官的氮素积累显著高于秸秆还田处理,后期叶的氮素积累、氮素农学利用率、氮肥生理利用率、氮素籽粒生产效率和每穗总粒数秸秆还田处理显著高于秸秆离田处理。随着施氮量的增加,水稻各个时期的器官的氮素积累均有增加的趋势,氮肥偏生产力、氮肥生理利用率、氮素籽粒生产效率和氮素干物质生产效率有降低趋势,氮素农学利用率、氮收获指数及产量有先增加后降低的趋势。在秸秆还田和施氮量150kg/hm2条件下,杂交籼稻产量最高,达9758.02kg/hm2,较秸秆离田和不施氮组合增产18.9%,可为该地区水稻的增产提供技术支撑。 相似文献
11.
Effects of Nitrogen Application Level on Rice Nutrient Uptake and Ammonia Volatilization 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
YU Qiao-gang YE Jing YANG Shao-na FU Jian-rong MA Jun-wei SUN Wan-chun JIANG Li-na WANG Qiang WANG Jian-mei 《水稻科学》2013,20(2):139-147
The effects of different nitrogen application levels on nutrient uptake and ammonia volatilization were studied with the rice cultivar Zheyou 12 as a material.The accumulative amounts of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in rice plants across all growth stages showed a trend to increase with increasing nitrogen application levels from 0 to 270 kg/hm 2,but decreased at nitrogen application levels exceeding 270 kg/hm 2.Moreover,the accumulative uptake of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium by the rice plants was increased by application of organic manure in combination with 150 kg/hm 2 nitrogen.The nitrogen uptake was high during the jointing to heading stages.Correlation analysis showed that rice yield was positively correlated with the accumulative uptake of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium by the rice plants.The highest correlation coefficient observed was between the amount of nitrogen uptake and rice yield.The rate and accumulative amounts of ammonia volatilization increased with increasing nitrogen fertilizer application level.Compared with other stages,the rate and accumulative amount of ammonia volatilization were higher after base fertilizer application.The ammonia volatilization rates in response to the nitrogen application levels of 270 kg/hm 2 and 330 kg/hm 2 were much higher than those in the other treatments.The loss of nitrogen through ammonia volatilization accounted for 23.9% of the total applied nitrogen at the nitrogen application level of 330 kg/hm 2. 相似文献
12.
Effects of Nitrogen Application Levels on Ammonia Volatilization and Nitrogen Utilization during Rice Growing Season 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
LIN Zhong-cheng DAI Qi-gen YE Shi-chao WU Fu-guan JIA Yu-shu CHEN Jing-dou XU Lu-sheng ZHANG Hong-cheng HUO Zhong-yang XU Ke WEI Hai-yan 《水稻科学》2012,19(2):125-134
We conducted field trials of rice grown in sandy soil and clay soil to determine the effects of nitrogen application levels on the concentration of NH4+-N in surface water,loss of ammonia through volatilization from paddy fields,rice production,nitrogen-use efficiency,and nitrogen content in the soil profile.The concentration of NH4+-N in surface water and the amount of ammonia lost through volatilization increased with increasing nitrogen application level,and peaked at 1-3 d after nitrogen application.Less ammonia was lost via volatilization from clay soil than from sandy soil.The amounts of ammonia lost via volatilization after nitrogen application differed depending on the stage when it was applied,from the highest loss to the lowest:N application to promote tillering > the first N topdressing to promote panicle initiation(applied at the last 4-leaf stage) > basal fertilizer > the second N topdressing to promote panicle initiation(applied at the last 2-leaf stage).The total loss of ammonia via volatilization from clay soil was 10.49-87.06 kg/hm2,equivalent to 10.92%-21.76% of the nitrogen applied.The total loss of ammonia via volatilization from sandy soil was 11.32?102.43 kg/hm2,equivalent to 11.32%-25.61% of the nitrogen applied.The amount of ammonia lost via volatilization and the concentration of NH4+-N in surface water peaked simultaneously after nitrogen application;both showed maxima at the tillering stage with the ratio between them ranging from 23.76% to 33.65%.With the increase in nitrogen application level,rice production and nitrogen accumulation in plants increased,but nitrogen-use efficiency decreased.Rice production and nitrogen accumulation in plants were slightly higher in clay soil than in sandy soil.In the soil,the nitrogen content was the lowest at a depth of 40-50 cm.In any specific soil layer,the soil nitrogen content increased with increasing nitrogen application level,and the soil nitrogen content was higher in clay soil than in sandy soil.In terms of ammonia volatilization,the amount of ammonia lost via volatilization increased markedly when the nitrogen application level exceeded 250 kg/hm2 in the rice growing season.However,for rice production,a suitable nitrogen application level is approximately 300 kg/hm2.Therefore,taking the needs for high crop yields and environmental protection into account,the appropriate nitrogen application level was 250-300 kg/hm2 in these conditions. 相似文献
13.
氮肥水平与栽植密度对植稻土壤养分含量变化与氮肥利用效率的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
【目的】为解决水稻土壤保肥能力较弱，水稻产量较低，氮肥利用效率不高等问题，【方法】于山东省济宁市任城区水稻田设置氮肥水平与栽植密度双因素大田试验，设4个施氮量水平，即无氮(N1，0 kg/hm2)、低氮(N2，216 kg/hm2)、中氮(N3，288 kg/hm2)和高氮(N4，360 kg/hm2)；栽植密度设3个梯度，即低密度(24万穴/hm2)、中密度(27万穴/hm2)和高密度(30万穴/hm2)。以探究不同氮肥水平和栽植密度下水稻成熟期土壤养分含量及氮肥利用效率的变化。【结果】随着土层加深，氮、磷、钾、有机质含量均明显下降。其中D3N4处理碱解氮含量下降了60.8%，D3N3处理速效磷含量降低了72.7%。随着施氮量增加，土壤pH值和有机质含量有所下降，速效钾含量升高，肥料偏生产力和氮肥农学利用效率降低，产量先升高后降低；随着栽植密度增加，土壤pH值与速效磷含量有所下降，表层土壤碱解氮含量略有升高，有机质含量与产量及肥料偏生产力均先升高后降低，氮肥农学利用效率降低。【结论】当栽植密度为27万穴/hm2时，氮肥用量288 kg/hm2，水稻产量最高，为14 615.3 kg/hm2；相同密度下氮肥按照216 kg/hm2施用，水稻产量、氮肥农学效率和肥料偏生产力均较高。研究结果可在实际生产中参考应用。 相似文献
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氮肥水平与栽植密度对植稻土壤养分含量变化与氮肥利用效率的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
【目的】为解决水稻土壤保肥能力较弱,水稻产量较低,氮肥利用效率不高等问题,【方法】于山东省济宁市任城区水稻田设置氮肥水平与栽植密度双因素大田试验,设4个施氮量水平,即无氮(N1,0 kg/hm2)、低氮(N2,216 kg/hm2)、中氮(N3,288 kg/hm2)和高氮(N4,360 kg/hm2);栽植密度设3个梯度,即低密度(24万穴/hm2)、中密度(27万穴/hm2)和高密度(30万穴/hm2)。以探究不同氮肥水平和栽植密度下水稻成熟期土壤养分含量及氮肥利用效率的变化。【结果】随着土层加深,氮、磷、钾、有机质含量均明显下降。其中D3N4处理碱解氮含量下降了60.8%,D3N3处理速效磷含量降低了72.7%。随着施氮量增加,土壤pH值和有机质含量有所下降,速效钾含量升高,肥料偏生产力和氮肥农学利用效率降低,产量先升高后降低;随着栽植密度增加,土壤pH值与速效磷含量有所下降,表层土壤碱解氮含量略有升高,有机质含量与产量及肥料偏生产力均先升高后降低,氮肥农学利用效率降低。【结论】当栽植密度为27万穴/hm2时,氮肥用量288 kg/hm2,水稻产量最高,为14 615.3 kg/hm2;相同密度下氮肥按照216 kg/hm2施用,水稻产量、氮肥农学效率和肥料偏生产力均较高。研究结果可在实际生产中参考应用。 相似文献
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田间试验研究了不同氮、磷、钾水平对水稻纹枯病发生程度和产量的影响。结果表明,水稻纹枯病的发病率与N、P、K关系分别为:随氮肥施入量的增加,呈先缓慢上升,再大幅度上升的趋势;随磷肥施入量的增加,呈先小幅度上升,再大幅度下降,然后再大幅度上升的趋势;随钾肥施入量的增加,呈现大幅度下降,再大幅度上升的趋势。产量结果表明:不同氮、钾处理对水稻产量影响大,不同磷处理对水稻产量影响小。适用于寒地的施氮量97kg/hm2、施磷量52kg/hm2、施钾量29kg/hm2,使纹枯病发病轻,提高水稻产量。 相似文献
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为了提高杂交水稻的施氮效率,2009-2016年以杂交中稻品种Ⅱ优7号、渝香优203、川香优9838、蓉18优1015为材料,在我国西南稻区的四川、重庆、云南、贵州4省(市)的7个生态点,采用相同的施氮量方案,研究了地理位置、土壤养分对稻谷地力产量的影响及其与高效施氮量和氮肥利用效率的关系。结果表明,稻田地力产量受土壤供肥能力影响较大,在西南区4个省(市)的7个生态点的地力产量变幅为5 251.4~8 559.2 kg/hm~2,4个品种的地力产量对施氮高产处理的平均贡献率73.55%~83.67%;7个生态点的地力产量对施氮高产处理的平均贡献率为80.05%,建立了稻田地力产量与土壤养分的回归预测模型,决定系数76.77%~99.99%。指出地力产量与土壤全氮、全磷呈显著正效应,与海拔、全钾和有效磷呈极显著负效应。西南稻区土壤氮供应不足,需要补施氮肥才能获得较高产量,施磷肥和施钾肥不是西南稻区水稻增产的主攻方向。建立了水稻氮高效施用量及其农学利用率与地力产量的回归预测方程,决定系数分别为66.68%和65.46%。稻田地力产量从5 250 kg/hm~2到9 000 kg/hm~2,相应的氮高效施用量为192.21~74.46 kg/hm~2、氮高效施用量的农学利用率为19.88~4.51 kg/kg,可作为指导大面积高效施氮的参考依据。 相似文献
17.
Effects of Plant Density and Nitrogen Application Rate on Grain Yield and Nitrogen Uptake of Super Hybrid Rice 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The nitrogen uptake,yield and its components for two super-high-yielding hybrid rice combinations,Guodao 6 and Eryou 7954 were investigated under different plant densities(15,18,and 21 plants/m2) and different nitrogen application rates(120,150,180,and 210 kg/hm 2 ) .The experiment was conducted on loam soil during 2004-2006 at the experimental farm of the China National Rice Research Institute in Hangzhou,China.In these years,the two hybrid rice clearly showed higher yield at a plant density of 15 plants/m... 相似文献
18.
19.
XIA Qiongmei HU Jiaquan DONG Linbo QIAN Wenjuan HE Yongfu LI Guiyong LONG Ruiping ZHU Haiping YANG Congdang 《中国水稻科学》1986,34(3):266-277
【Objective】The objective is to study the effect of reducing and postponing nitrogen application from earlier stage to later stage on population quality and yield, and to improve the nitrogen utilization efficiency for japonica rice on paddy-upland crop rotation in Yunnan Province.【Method】With two conventional japonica rice varieties(Huijing 17 and Chujing 28) as materials, a field plot experiment was carried out at six nitrogen application levels (270 kg/hm2, 243 kg/hm2, 216 kg/hm2, 189 kg/hm2 and 162 kg/hm2 with the corresponding basal, tillering, spikelet-promoting and spikelet-sustaining nitrogen ratios of 5:5:0:0, 3:3:2:2, 2.5:2.5:2.5:2.5, 0:2:5:3, 0:0:6:4, 0:0:0:0).【Result】The yield, over 8 t/hm2 at zero nitrogen fertilizer level in 2016 and 2017, increased significantly with rising nitrogen application level. As compared with conventional fertilization treatment (270 kg/hm2 and 5:5:0:0), with the increasing ratio of spikelet-promoting fertilizer while reduced total nitrogen application rate, an increasing trend was observed in yield and nitrogen agronomic efficiency. The optimum treatment was a reduction of 40% in nitrogen application rate. With the reduction of nitrogen application rate, the yield increased by more than 20% and the nitrogen agronomic efficiency increased from less than 10 kg/kg to more than 20 kg/kg. After reducing and postponing nitrogen application from earlier stage to later stage, the period of young panicle differentiation was prolonged. With longer functional leaves, the ordinal number of leaf length from the top of 2-3-1-4, the efficient leaf area ratio more than 80%, and appropriate leaf area index at full heading stage, the high photosynthetic efficient population formed, which promoted the differentiation of spikelets. At the same time, the panicle-bearing tiller percentage increased, with a higher population growth rate and dry matter accumulation after heading. 【Conclusion】Optimizing the nitrogen fertilizer management can effectively reduce the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer in paddy field and improve grain yield and the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer of japonica rice in Yunnan. Among them, spikelet-promoting nitrogen fertilizer application with zero basal-tiller fertilizer in the rice growing season required the least input but generated the most output. 相似文献
20.
在龙岩市新罗区进行了水稻宜优673测土配方施肥＂3414＂试验。结果表明,在该区中低等肥力田块种植宜优673最佳经济施肥量是纯氮162.6 kg/hm2、五氧化二磷90.6 kg/hm2、氧化钾225.0 kg/hm2,在此条件下可获得最佳产量为10 511.7 kg/hm2,其他杂交稻品种可参照施用。 相似文献