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《林业科学》2016,(7)
【目的】研究不同产脂量马尾松无性系嫩枝、未创伤与创伤树干木质部树脂道结构的差异,为高产脂量无性系的早期选择提供理论依据。【方法】以6个不同产脂量马尾松无性系为材料,采用石蜡切片技术,研究和比较其嫩茎、树干木质部树脂道结构和创伤后树脂道结构的差异性,并分析嫩茎、创伤与未创伤树脂道结构的相关性。【结果】在当年生嫩茎中,高、低产脂量马尾松无性系之间单位面积内树脂道总面积、单个树脂道平均面积差异显著,高产脂量无性系单位面积内轴向树脂道总面积和单个轴向树脂道平均面积分别为63 433μm~2·mm~(-2)和4832μm~2,为低产脂量的2.69和3.03倍,同时高产脂量无性系单位面积内径向树脂道总面积和单个径向树脂道平均面积分别为42 105μm~2·mm~(-2)和3 858μm~2,为低产脂量的3.19和3.44倍,但高、低产脂量无性系单位面积树脂道数目差异不显著;未受创伤树干木质部中,高、低产脂量马尾松无性系之间的差异性与嫩茎中的相似,高产脂量无性系单位面积内轴向树脂道总面积和单个轴向树脂道平均面积分别为96 229μm~2·mm~(-2)和17 656μm~2,比低产脂量的高12.15%和14.54%,同时高、低产脂量无性系单位面积树脂道数目差异也不显著;受到创伤树干木质部中,高产脂量无性系的单位面积内树脂道总面积和单位面积内树脂道数目分别为118 635μm~2·mm~(-2)和7.8个,比低产脂量的分别高23.96%和27.87%,而创伤后高、低产脂量无性系之间单个树脂道平均面积差异不显著。未受到创伤时,树脂道主要集中于晚材或早晚材过渡区域中,高产脂量无性系晚材宽度平均值为312μm,比低产脂量的高15.56%。受创伤影响,早材中出现诱导型树脂道,使木质部中单位面积内树脂道总面积和数目均增加,但高产脂量无性系中增幅比低产脂量的高,使高产脂量无性系在受到损伤时能够分泌并输送较多的松脂。嫩茎的单位面积树脂道总面积与未创伤树干木质部、损伤后树干木质部的相关性均达到显著程度,相关系数分别为0.533和0.444。【结论】高、低产脂量马尾松无性系解剖结构中单位面积内树脂道总面积差异均显著,由嫩茎的解剖特征可以推测不同产脂量无性系树干木质部树脂道的差异性,使高产脂量马尾松无性系的早期选择成为可能。 相似文献
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为了更准确地确定高产脂思茅松优良种源的选择指标,本研究对高产脂和低产脂的思茅松木质部进行解剖构造观察,并进一步探讨胸径与产脂量之间的关系。结果显示：高产脂思茅松的单个轴向树脂道面积、轴向树脂道密度、径向树脂道密度、径向树脂道直径均显著高于低产脂。高产脂木质部木射线分布密度和高度也高于低产脂思茅松。当思茅松受到外界机械刺激后,高产脂新生轴向树脂道的增长数量明显多于低产脂,同时,该生长轮中的晚材率也高于低产脂思茅松。在实验样地划分的5个小区中,只有第2小区思茅松的胸径与产脂量呈正相关性关系,其余4个小区均不存在相关性。结果表明：木质部单个轴向树脂道面积、轴向树脂道密度、径向树脂道密度、径向树脂道直径、木射线密度和木射线高度均可作为高产脂种质选育的有效参考指标;受到外界刺激后新生树脂道数量和晚材率的变化也可以作为高产脂种质选育的重要参考指标。 相似文献
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不同地域马尾松优树产脂量影响因素分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在4个不同地域的马尾松林分中选择79株高产脂类型的马尾松优树进行产脂力分析,结果表明:产脂量与割沟负荷率、树冠及树皮厚度相关,特别是树皮厚度对产脂量影响最大;不同产地优树的产脂力系数不同,而对照树的产脂力系数基本相近;松树的产脂力与边材中树脂道的面积大小有关,而与其数量和直径腔大小关系不大. 相似文献
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为确定高产脂云南松的早期选择指标,采用石蜡切片法对不同海拔、不同产脂量云南松的针叶、树干韧皮部和木质部的组成性树脂道特征进行解剖观察,结果表明:高产脂与低产脂云南松的针叶树脂道个数、树干木质部树脂道密度、韧皮部树脂道大小及单位长度树脂道数量存在极显著差异(P＜0.01),但不同海拔之间无显著差异;高、低海拔高产脂云南松针叶树脂道数量分别比低产脂的高38.89％、30.34％,树干木质部树脂道密度分别高58.06％、48.48％,韧皮部树脂道大小分别高32.20％、29.73％,韧皮部单位长度树脂道数量分别高21.95％、38.51％.说明针叶树脂道数量、树干木质部树脂道密度及韧皮部树脂道大小3项指标,也可作为云南松产脂力评价的部分指标. 相似文献
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马尾松树脂道与产脂力的回归分析研究 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6
测定了14个马尾松高产脂无性系的树脂道个数与产脂力的关系。结果表明:树脂道个数与产脂力具有密切相关,经过16个回归方程拟合,树脂道个数与马尾松日产脂量、10cm侧沟产脂量、校正产脂量的最优回归方程分别是:①Y=(7 102+120 703X)/X,r=0 848;②Y=(0 789+12 300X)/X,r=0 762;③Y=(4 842+80 362X)/X,r=0 664。 相似文献
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泾县近几年大量引种栽培国外松,其面积已达12万亩。国外松具有木材和松脂两种资源。目前,我国松脂产量仅能满足国内2/3的市场需求,因此,发展国外松采脂具有十分重要的意义。一、影响松脂产量的主要自然因素1.树龄和树干的直径。一般树龄越大,树木越接近成熟,所形成的松脂越多,产脂量越高。树木直径越大,树脂道数量及总容积也随之增加,形成松脂的能力也增强。适于采脂的松树,胸径应在18cm以上,但施行间伐的林木除外。胸径太小,不仅产脂量低,还会影响树木生长。2.树木生长状况。松树的冠幅扩张大,枝叶茂盛翠绿,生长旺盛,针叶长,其产脂量较大。故边缘木和孤立木产脂量较高,疏林采脂工效低,经济上不合算。采脂林分最适宜的郁闭度是0.5。生长在养分充足、肥沃立地上的松树,产脂量高于干燥贫瘠立地上的松树;针阔叶混交林中松树产脂量比纯林的高,因为阔叶树的枯枝落叶改善了林分土壤养分条件。3.空气湿度。松树体内含水分愈多,则泌脂细胞渗透吸水愈快,当割破树脂道时,排脂速度加快。但松树体内含水量取决于空气相对湿度和土壤水分多少。所以,空气湿度大和土壤水分充足时有利于采脂。4.气温。10℃以上即可采脂,但最适宜气温为20～30℃。春季气温低,树木生... 相似文献
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马尾松材树脂含量与其解剖特征的关系 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对马尾松不同高度树脂道比量、大小等解剖特征及对应高度、径向的树脂含量进行测定、分析,并对马尾松树脂含量与马尾松树脂道比量、大小及二者积之间关系进行研究。结果表明:树脂含量随高度的增加先减小后增大,组织比量分别是3%、2.667%和2.701%;树脂道的直径分别为136μm、141μm和144μm。树脂含量在径向由内向外大体上呈逐渐下降的趋势。树脂含量与树脂道比量和直径的乘积相关性最高:y=-7.346x2+64.199x-126.67(R=1);与树脂道组织比量1%相关性较高,y=5.659 ln(x)-1.530(R=0.84)。 相似文献
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Ernst L. Back 《Journal of Wood Science》2002,48(3):167-170
There is a general pattern of resin chemistry for parenchyma cells and secretory tissue. In sapwood the parenchyma resin is composed of fats, steryl esters, and occasionally waxes. Secretory tissue (most often resin canals) contains terpenes, terpenoids, and polyisoprenes. Other types of canal resin occur in a few hardwood families. The pattern is valid for softwoods and hardwoods. It has been defined from a comparison of available information on wood chemistry, wood anatomy, and the chemistry of oleoresin exudates from trees. This is a short overview with the most important references of two detailed reports. 相似文献
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The traumatic wound response of families of white spruce, Picea glauca (Moench) Voss, resistant or susceptible to the white pine weevil, Pissodes strobi (Peck), were compared after simulated weevil damage. Leaders from 331 trees were wounded just below the apical bud in the spring, coinciding with the natural time of weevil oviposition. A portable 1-mm diameter drill was used to drill 24 holes per leader. Leaders were removed in the fall and examined for evidence of traumatic resin canal formation. Drilled trees had a traumatic wound response 8 times greater than that of undrilled trees; however, undrilled trees also formed some resin canals in response to unknown causes. In the drilled trees, the traumatic wound response extended into the lower part of the leader, where it could possibly affect older larvae. Trees from resistant families responded with greater intensity than trees from susceptible families, by producing multiple rings of traumatic resin canals. Trees from resistant families also responded more rapidly than trees from susceptible families based on number of cells to the first ring of traumatic resin canals. Trees from some resistant families exhibited no traumatic resin canal formation, showing considerable within-family variation and suggesting that other resistance mechanisms might be important. In the year after drilling, there was a reduction in tree diameter growth and trees suffered a reduction in constitutive resin canals in the bark, which suggests some energetic cost of traumatic resin production. There was no indication that the extent of constitutive defenses, as measured by density of cortical resin canals before wounding, was related to the ability to produce traumatic resin canals. Screening trees based on their capacity to produce traumatic resin canals may be useful in selecting genotypes resistant to white pine weevil. 相似文献
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The amounts of oleoresin exudation from artificially-marked wounds on the trunks of pine trees were measured, and several
characteristics of the oleoresin exudation amount (OEA) were elucidated. OEA showed no regular diurnal change and had no relation
to both heights and directions of the wounds marked on the trunks, but differed between individual trees and between locations
on the same tree. The exudation of oleoresin from each wound stopped after several hours. Mean OEA per wound decreased with
increase in the number of wounds per given area. When the exudation of oleoresin from a wound was exhausted, further oleoresin
was scarcely exuded even from a new wound made close to the initial one. In response to wounding, therefore, primary oleoresin
exudation seems to occur by releasing the resin stocked in the resin canal. 相似文献
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香脂树是植物树体内可分泌物理性质与柴油相似的树脂油的一类树种,在开发内外用药物制剂、天然精油、专业护理产品等医药和日用方面具有广泛用途,并成为热带地区重要的非木材林产品之一。目前,因香脂树天然分布区域较窄、野生资源分布少以及泌油特性与机制不清等问题,在一定程度上影响了对该树种的认知度和资源的开发利用。文中综述香脂树的种类及分布、泌油生物学特性与机理、树脂油理化性质及其在药用和日用方面的应用,探讨香脂树研究与应用中存在的问题,并对今后研究方向提出展望,旨在为深入开展香脂树相关研究提供参考 相似文献
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广西松脂原料林发展现状、存在问题与对策研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
松脂产业是广西具有资源优势的产业。通过对广西松脂原料林发展的现状、存在问题的分析研究,指出广西松脂原料林的建设应以人工林定向培育和提高松脂基地建设的科技贡献率为发展方向。发展广西松脂原料林基地应从选育松树高产脂良种,开展营造高产脂原料林速生丰产综合配套技术研究,推广先进采脂技术,以最终达到提高单位面积松脂产量,降低采脂劳动强度,提高采脂劳动生产率,实现松脂产业的可持续发展。 相似文献
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When conifers such as Picea abies Karst. (Norway spruce) are attacked by insects or pathogens, they often respond by producing increased quantities of terpenoid oleoresin. This response can be mimicked in young P. abies seedlings by treatment with methyl jasmonate (MJ). In this study, we determined the effects of MJ on terpenoids and other chemical defenses of mature P. abies, and investigated whether this treatment protected trees against attack by the blue-stain fungus Ceratocystis polonica (Siem.) C. Moreau, the most important fungal associate of the spruce bark beetle Ips typographus L. Methyl jasmonate treatment induced the formation of traumatic resin ducts in the developing xylem, enhanced resin flow and stimulated increased accumulation of monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and diterpene resin acids. However, only minor changes were detected in terpene composition in response to MJ treatment and no changes in soluble phenolic concentration were measured. There was much variability in the timing and degree of response to MJ among clones. The observed chemical and anatomical changes in response to MJ treatment were correlated with increased resistance to C. polonica, suggesting that terpenoid oleoresin may function in defense against this pathogen. 相似文献
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Developing sustainable extractive industries in otherwise intact tropical forest regions requires a sound understanding of the production potential of key resource populations. The oleoresin extracted from Copaifera trees is an economically important non-timber forest product harvested throughout the lowland Amazon basin. We studied oleoresin extraction from four species of Copaifera trees with known harvest histories within two contiguous extractive reserves in western Brazilian Amazonia. We conducted a large-scale experimental harvest of 179 previously unharvested Copaifera trees, in both seasonally flooded (várzea) and adjacent unflooded (terra firme) forests. The likelihood of trees yielding any oleoresin was principally determined by their species identity: C. multijuga was the only species to regularly yield oleoresin (70% of trees). Yield volumes varied both amongst species and forest types: C. multijuga (restricted to terra firme forest) had the highest mean yield of 505 ml, whilst C. guyanensis produced higher volumes of oleoresin in várzea (139 ml) than terra firme (15 ml) forest. Intraspecific differences were driven mainly by tree size. To assess extraction sustainability, we reharvested a sample of C. multijuga trees and compared the oleoresin production of 24 conspecific trees that had been initially harvested one year previously with that of 17 trees initially harvested three years previously. Reharvested trees produced just 35% of the oleoresin volume compared to that when originally drilled, but this response was not affected by the time interval between consecutive harvests. We demonstrate that, within a population of Copaifera, both morphological and environmental factors restrict total productivity; consideration of these factors should inform sustainable management practises. We additionally raise methodological considerations that may improve the comparability of studies. 相似文献