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1.
为了解海洋遥感技术在国际的地位与发展趋势,以Web of Science核心合集数据库为数据源,统计近十年来海洋遥感相关论文,然后分别从发表国家、发表期刊、研究方向、发表语种等方面进行了分析。并通过对比论文总引频次与均篇被引频次分析了我国海洋遥感科技水平与国际水平的差距。  相似文献   

2.
本文根据翔实的资料,论述了科技发展大势和其思维;传统科技写作与现代科技写作方法;水产科技写作的历程与现实,为水产科技写作实现标准化提供了理论依据与操作方法。  相似文献   

3.
畜牧兽医学取得了飞速发展,畜牧兽医理念与水平逐步提升,并在检疫、人畜共患病防治等方面取得了显著的成就,而兽医科学与医学理论相互借鉴逐步分化为传统畜牧兽医与现代畜牧兽医两大体系,两者在进补方式、作用机理上存在差异,共同为畜牧业发展提供保障。  相似文献   

4.
针对中小型渔船起网工作效率低、安全生产事故频发等问题,研制了五轮起网机。为确定该机的最佳工作参数、探究五轮起网机的工作性能,介绍分析了该起网机的工作原理和摩擦鼓轮的受力情况并建立其载荷的数学模型,确定了摩擦鼓轮与网纲间摩擦力及摩擦矩的计算方法;利用Pro/E的变量化设计和实体造型技术,建立了该机的三维实体模型,实现了整机各组成部分的建模及装配,并通过干涉分析验证了机构设计的合理性;然后利用无缝接口软件Mechanism/pro将整机三维模型映射入ADAMS环境中进行动力学仿真分析。通过对不同马达转速、摩擦鼓轮与网纲间摩擦系数以及网纲与摩擦鼓轮的包角分析,确定该机最佳工作参数为:马达转速110 r/min,起网速度25 m/min,摩擦鼓轮摩擦系数0.4,网纲与船舷的夹角小于70°。利用Adams/Vibration模块对该机进行振动特性分析,搞清了振动较大的频率范围为30~40 Hz。所得结论为提高该机工作性能及参数优化提供了依据。  相似文献   

5.
黑龙江银鲫的性别控制和无性生殖系的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
刘刚  沈俊宝 《水产学报》1987,11(4):323-333
用方正银鲫()×镜鲤()所产生的全雌性后代的一部份幼鱼,投以95％酒精作性诱导剂的配制饲料,使幼鱼性转化为生理雄鱼。转化率在84％以上。此法开始处理的时间是在孵化后16—17天,处理的持续时间为30—40天。3年来,从性转化的生理雄鱼与方正银鲫雌鱼获得了无性生殖系一代,然后再从此一代获得了无性生殖系二代,以此建立了方正银鲫纯系。根据后代形态学指标、染色体数和红血球体积等确定,后代与亲本完全相似,并由此确定方正银鲫的性别决定机制,雌性为XX型,雄性为XY型。  相似文献   

6.
缢蛏7群体的形态差异与判别分析   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
运用多变量形态度量学分析方法,对我国沿海庄河、汉沽、海阳、盐城、崇明、宁波、漳州7个地理群体缢蛏的12个形态性状进行了形态差异研究。聚类分析和主成分分析结果表明,汉沽群体和海阳群体首先与庄河群体聚类,之后依次与崇明群体和盐城群体聚类,最后与宁波和漳州群体聚为一支。主成分分析构建了3个主成分,其贡献率:主成分1为36.28%,主成分2为22.23%,主成分3为12.72%,累积贡献率为71.23%。判别分析结果表明,7群体间形态差异显著(P<0.01)。建立7群体缢蛏的判别函数,其判别准确率P1为66.67%~86.67%,P2为68.96%~100%。7群体的综合判别率为77.93%。  相似文献   

7.
鳗鲡疱疹病毒的分离与鉴定   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1  
葛均青  杨金先  龚晖  林天龙 《水产学报》2014,38(9):1579-1583
为获知鳗鲡"脱粘败血病"与病毒的关系,实验用蔗糖密度梯度离心的方法从发病的欧洲鳗鲡内脏器官组织匀浆液中纯化了病毒粒子,负染后利用电镜观察;进一步用EO细胞对病毒进行了分离、培养,并对感染病毒的细胞进行超薄切片,电镜观察;然后,提取病毒DNA,利用鳗鲡疱疹病毒的PCR检测方法对其进行了鉴定。结果显示,接种匀浆上清液的EO细胞出现细胞融合的病变效应;分离病毒的病毒粒子具囊膜,大小约为200 nm;从感染病毒的细胞上清液DNA中扩增出特异性条带,序列测定与比对分析表明,该序列与鳗鲡疱疹病毒欧洲株(AngHV-1)的序列完全一致。研究表明,利用EO细胞分离了一株鳗鲡病毒,经形态观察和DNA分析,确认该病毒为鳗鲡疱疹病毒,命名为AngHV-FJ。该研究为深入开展鳗鲡疱疹病毒的致病机制及鳗鲡"脱粘败血病"的防控研究奠定了重要基础。  相似文献   

8.
皱纹盘鲍幼鲍配合饵料的研制与喂养的初步研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
1984年春季用配制的7种饵料,在室内以两个不同条件下,对两种大小规格的幼鲍(壳长7.0～10.0与13.0～16.0毫米)进行了49天与70天的两批喂养试验,并用日本商品饵料与海带作生长对比。所有7种配合饵料对幼鲍的生长效果都远超过了自然饵料——海带,其中有3种较为突出,平均日增长多在100微米以上,而与日本商品饵料效果接近。若以海带的饵料当量值为1.00,对于大个体组的幼鲍,0301的当量为1.78,0302为1.73,0306为1.62,日本饵则为1.68;而小个体组效果低于日本饵。通过保形率试验,在20～24.7℃下连续充气,24小时后0301、0306与8540的保形率分别可达70.4%、71.7%与76.3%;48小时后仍各保持65.8%、64.0%与71.3%。虽经48小时浸泡与气泡冲击仍无碎散现象,其保形率接近日本饵。配合饵料还成功地通过了海上试验,在1985年夏季海上喂养结果,配合饵料同样显示比海带优越。配饵8540在第一阶段(25天)平均日增长高达176、168微米;全阶段(54天)平均日增长8540为154微米,是海带的2.39倍。这一结果不仅加快了鲍生长、缩短了养殖周期,而且弥补了夏秋季缺少海藻饵料的不足。  相似文献   

9.
鲫(Carassius carassius)卵黄原蛋白(vitellogenin,Vtg)是检测水体环境雌激素活性常用的生物标志物。本研究利用凝胶过滤结合离子交换层析与选择性沉淀结合离子交换层析2种方法,从鲫卵巢匀浆液中纯化得到了卵黄脂磷蛋白(lipovitellin,Lv),经鉴定该蛋白含有糖、磷、脂基团,天然分子量约为521 kD,SDS变性电泳显示分子量为117 kD和103 kD的2个亚基。Western blot结果显示,金鱼(Carassius auratus)Lv抗体和斑马鱼(Danio rerio)Lv抗体都能与鲫Lv发生很好的交叉反应。利用纯化的鲫Lv与金鱼Lv抗体和斑马鱼Lv抗体建立了2种夹心ELISA,发现金鱼Lv和鲫Lv的结合曲线基本重合,并且利用鲫Lv与金鱼Lv抗体建立的夹心ELISA工作范围为15.6~1000 ng/mL,检出限约为6.8 ng/mL,显著低于利用斑马鱼Lv抗体建立的夹心ELISA,结合此前研究者建立的鲫Vtg竞争ELISA,为鲫Vtg指标的测定提供了可靠方法。  相似文献   

10.
为获取拟穴青蟹Cactus基因cDNA全长、分析基本生物学信息,并初步探索其在病原物刺激下的免疫反应,实验采用RACE技术获得了拟穴青蟹Cactus(SpCactus)基因的cDNA全长序列,其cDNA全长为2035 bp,开放阅读框(ORF)1311 bp,编码436个氨基酸,分子量为46.01 ku。对蛋白理化性质进行预测发现,SpCactus为亲水性蛋白,等电点pI为4.91。经预测,SpCactus与其他物种的IκB蛋白具有相似的功能结构域。同源性比对结果显示,SpCactus与凡纳滨对虾和中国明对虾的Cactus蛋白同源性均高达62%,相似度为73%。系统进化树分析显示,SpCactus与甲壳动物聚为一支,与无脊椎动物聚为一大支。实时荧光定量PCR(RT-PCR)检测发现,SpCactus基因在拟穴青蟹不同组织中均有表达,肌肉中的表达量最高,其次为心脏、眼柄、血液和鳃,肝胰腺中的表达量最低。LPS和金黄色葡萄球菌刺激均能显著诱导SpCactus基因的表达。本实验成功扩增了SpCactus基因全长,并进行了生物信息学分析、理化性质预测,初步探讨了其生物学功能,为进一步研究其在免疫反应中的生物学功能提供参考依据。  相似文献   

11.
从患病罗非鱼的血液、肝脏、脾脏中分离到细菌,经理化鉴定,该菌为气单胞菌,动物回归试验阳性,认定该罗非鱼的肠炎病由气单胞菌引起。  相似文献   

12.
The occurrence of canine parvovirus enteritis was monitored in post mortem record from 1978-1985. In a total of 7,615 canine necropsies 654 cases of parvovirus enteritis were diagnosed. The number of cases rose considerably in 1980, accounting for about 10% of the total of canine necropsies since then. Seasonal distribution of cases shows a maximum in November, December, and January and a minimum in June, July and September. In German shepherds and Yorkshireterriers parvovirus enteritis is diagnosed with significantly higher frequency than in other breeds. 80% of all cases of parvovirus enteritis necropsied were diagnosed up to the age of 6 months.  相似文献   

13.
Soybean meal (SBM) induces enteritis in the distal intestine of Atlantic salmon. The present study assesses the effects of SBM concentrations on the kinetics of the enteritis process. Fish of 300 g, kept at 12 °C, were fed diets with different SBM inclusions: 0%, 10% and 20% SBM for 57 days. Samples of the distal intestine of five fish per treatment were taken for histological and electron microscopical analysis. A semi-quantitative scoring system was used to assess the degree of the morphological changes induced by SBM feeding in the distal intestinal epithelium. The first signs of enteritis appeared earlier in the salmon fed the 20SBM diet than in those fed the 10SBM diet. Thereafter, the condition increased steadily, displaying no signs of recovery. Furthermore, at the lower concentration, the process marking the onset of enteritis began more gradually than at the higher concentration and it displayed a tendency to stabilize after 13–20 days of continuous feeding. Electron microscopy indicated that the endocytosis process was hampered at day 3 of 20SBM and at 7 days of 10SBM. Furthermore, a strong reduction of microvilli was already evident after 7 days of 20SBM feeding, thus indicating a decreased uptake capacity of the distal enterocytes. In addition, transformation and migration of eosinophilic granulocytes was observed, which, in combination with the lysozyme C immunoreactivity supports their protective role during the inflammatory process in the distal gut of Atlantic salmon. It can be concluded that the severity of enteritis and its kinetics are concentration-dependent, showing no signs of recovery during feeding with diets containing SBM.  相似文献   

14.
Soybean meal (SBM) is a potential alternative for the replacement of fishmeal in aquafeeds. In Atlantic salmon, however, dietary SBM causes an inflammation of the distal intestine, known as SBM-induced enteritis. The objective of the present study is to verify whether different (geographically spread) commercial sources of SBM yield contrasting inflammatory responses. To do so, six SBM batches from different origins were included in the Atlantic salmon diets at the level of 20%. After 4 weeks of feeding, the distal intestine of the salmon was sampled and scored by a semi-quantitative scoring system, which assessed six separated parameters, characterizing the extent of enteritis. The overall mean score as well as the score of the separate parameters varied between the different commercial sources of SBM included in the diet. The variation in SBM caused different degrees of disparity in the score of the separate parameters. The parameter that was most affected by the variation in the source of SBM was the disappearance of supranuclear vacuoles in enterocytes. In contrast, the increase in goblet cells showed the smallest variation between the different SBM sources. This study shows that different commercial sources of SBM can result in differences in the severity of SBM-induced enteritis in Atlantic salmon.  相似文献   

15.
This study evaluates the effect of temperature on the development of intestinal disorders when Atlantic salmon are fed soybean meal (SBM). In this study 20% of the dietary fishmeal was replaced by solvent-extracted Hipro SBM. Atlantic salmon reared at two different water temperatures (8 °C and 12 °C), were fed a control diet and an experimental diet for 20 days. Samples were taken at days 7 and 20. The extent of the morphological changes was assessed using a semi-quantitative scoring system developed for this purpose. The study demonstrates that enteritis is affected by temperature. The intestinal disorders were more severe in fish reared at 12 °C compared with those reared at 8 °C. It can be concluded from this study that temperature changes the speed but not the type of SBM-induced enteritis expressed as a delay on the response when Atlantic salmon are kept at lower temperatures.  相似文献   

16.
对2014年3月山东省蓬莱某刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)保苗场患“肠炎病”的刺参进行了临床症状和组织病理学观察以及病原菌分离与鉴定,利用氟苯尼考为治疗药品,以脏壁比、增重率和特定生长率为评判指标,探讨了3种不同用药方式(口服、药浴、口服+药浴)对刺参保苗期“肠炎病”的治疗效果.结果显示,刺参“肠炎病”症状表现为体色发黑,附着能力弱,摄食和活动能力差,解剖后可见肠道内食物不连续,肠腔内有大量黄白色粘液或浓状物质,肠道壁变脆、韧性差且易断裂,显微镜下观察到肠道存在大量细菌;组织病理学显示,患病刺参肠道绒毛膜散乱、粘膜层溃散,结缔组织散乱,且与肌肉层分离较明显.自刺参肠道处分离出优势度最高的细菌In-1菌株,人工感染实验证实,该菌为刺参“肠炎病”致病菌,该致病菌主要来源于饲料藻粉.利用细菌形态观察、生理生化和分子生物学方法(16S rDNA和gyrB)鉴定该菌株为哈维氏弧菌(Vibrioharveyi).该菌株对头孢三嗪、阿奇霉素、强力霉素和氟苯尼考等12种药物高度敏感.不同用药方式的治疗效果显示,使用氟苯尼考药浴可获得最佳治疗效果,刺参经药浴治疗后增重率达(24.23±0.41)％,特定生长率达(0.77±0.01)％/d.本研究可为刺参疾病防控和健康养殖提供理论依据和技术参考.  相似文献   

17.
Solvent‐extracted soybean meal (SESBM) has been reported to cause subacute enteritis in certain fish species. Two 34‐day experiments investigated the effects of SESBM and soy protein concentrate (SPC) on the intestinal mucus layer and development of subacute enteritis in the hindgut of yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi) at 22 and 18 °C. Fish were fed increasing levels of SESBM (Exp. 1: 0 g kg?1, 100 g kg?1, 200 g kg?1, 300 g kg?1) and SPC (Exp. 2: 0 g kg?1, 200 g kg?1, 300 g kg?1, 400 g kg?1). No visual signs of inflammation in the hindgut were observed in either experiment. However, increasing dietary SESBM significantly reduced mucus layer thickness. Neutral and acidic goblet cell mucin composition increased at 18 and 22 °C, respectively. A significant positive linear relationship was evident between goblet cell number and SESBM inclusion at 18 °C. SPC inclusion and water temperature had no significant effect on mucus layer thickness or mucin composition. However, at 18 °C, goblet cell numbers decreased with SPC inclusion. Results suggest the early stages of subacute enteritis may have been manifesting in SESBM fed fish. In the long term, mucus layer alterations associated with feeding SESBM may compromise fish health. Longer‐term studies should investigate the effects of feeding SESBM to yellowtail kingfish, particularly at suboptimal water temperatures.  相似文献   

18.
The effects of taurine supplementation on the growth and intestinal immune function in young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) were investigated in this study. A total of 540 fish (initial average weights of 255.74 ± 0.65 g) were fed one fishmeal diet and five all‐plant protein source‐based diets with graded levels of taurine (0 to 1.98g/kg diet) for 60 days, and then challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila for 14 days. First, the results showed that the taurine supplementation improved growth (PWG, TGC, FI and FE), enteritis resistance, intestinal antimicrobial compounds (LZ, ACP, C3, C4, IgM, hepcidin, LEAP‐2A, LEAP‐2B, β‐defensin‐1 and MUC2) and attenuated intestinal inflammation in young grass carp under the all‐plant protein source‐based diet. Second, the taurine supplementation attenuated intestinal inflammation partially referring to nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) and target of rapamycin (TOR) signallings. Finally, under the all‐plant protein source‐based diet, the comparable level of taurine supplementation based on growth and ability against enteritis relative to fishmeal diet was established as 0.50 g/kg diet, and the optimal levels of taurine supplementation based on thermal‐unit growth coefficient (TGC), ability against enteritis and acid phosphatase (ACP) activity were established as 0.97, 1.08 and 1.21 g/kg diet, respectively.  相似文献   

19.
Abstract. Fingerling channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque), were exposed experimentally to Edwardsiella ictaluri by immersion for 1 h in water containing 5 × 108 colony-forming units (CFU) of the bacterium per ml. Ninety per cent of the fish developed lesions typical of enteric septicaemia of catfish (ESC), 93% of affected fish developed the acute form of ESC and 7% developed chronic ESC. Acute disease was characterized grossly by cutaneous haemorrhage and ulceration, and microscopically by enteritis, olfactory sacculitis, hepatitis and dermatitis. The earliest lesions of acute ESC, i.e. enteritis and olfactory sacculitis, were observed microscopically at 2 days post-exposure (PE); gross lesions, primarily mild subcutaneous haemorrhage at the base of fins, were first apparent at 4 days PE. Chronic ESC, seen most commonly 3–4 weeks PE, was characterized by dorsocranial swelling and ulceration, granulomatous olfactory neuritis/perineuritis, and meningoencephalitis involving the olfactory bulbs, olfactory tracts and olfactory lobes of the brain. Gross and microscopic lesions in the acute and chronic forms of experimental ESC were similar to the lesions reported in naturally occurring ESC. Definitive pathogenesis of acute and chronic ESC remains to be determined.  相似文献   

20.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of the intestinal microbiota in soybean meal enteritis. Three groups of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) were fed for 35 days with different diets: a control diet (CD) containing 510 g kg?1 fishmeal, diet 1 (D1) containing 378 g kg?1 of soybean meal and diet 2 (D2) containing D1 supplemented with two viable lactic acid bacteria (LAB). As expected, the fish fed with D1 showed clear signs of distal intestinal inflammation during the study compared with the fish fed CD. For the fish fed with D2, the addition of LAB diminished the inflammation at day 28, but did not abolish it. Microbiological analysis demonstrated that specific bacterial groups were not correlated with the development of enteritis, but were correlated with the three diets. Microbacterium, Pseudomonas, Lactococcus lactis sp. cremoris and Aeromonas VIa were correlated with the CD, Aeromonas VIb and Sporosarcina aquimarina were correlated with D1, and Alcaligenes, Acinetobacter, L. lactis sp. lactis and Carnobacterium maltaromaticum were correlated with D2. Shewanella was not affected by the diet and was present in all fish intestines. Our study suggests that LAB may modulate intestinal inflammation; however, the role of the microbiota in the aetiology of enteritis in fish still requires further study.  相似文献   

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