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“保０１”治疗橡胶树褐皮病的试验唐建昆（耿马县孟定农场三分场．云南．６７７５１２）橡胶褐皮病（死皮病）是开割树常见的割面重要病害之一，对割胶生产影响较大，是当前割胶生产上普遍存在的、急需解决的问题。为了使褐皮病树尽快恢复产胶功能，我场于１９９２年进行... 相似文献
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d/3+ET、d/4+ET等刺激采胶技术是天然橡胶采胶技术发展史上的革命性技术创新。新的割胶制度通过使用刺激剂减少割次，保持原有的干胶产量水平，而达到大幅度提高胶工劳动定额、提高劳动生产率、降低割胶成本、提高经济效益的目的。多年来，景洪农场坚持科学技术是第一生产力的思想，依靠科技进步，在橡胶生产的各环节推广先进技术，加强生产技术管理，提高橡胶生产科技含量，发展橡胶生产，使大面积橡胶生产实现了持续高产、稳产，推动了农场经济健康、稳步地发展。1998年，景洪农场在云南垦区率先推行橡胶树割制改革，采用高产高效新割制… 相似文献
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勐腊农场大面积割胶园已进人中老龄阶段，为规范阴刀割胶管理和大面积推行双线割胶积累经验，我场于2000～2002年对16割龄以上、20割龄以下橡胶树进行双线(阴阳线)割胶试验，现将3年来生产试验结果报道如下： 相似文献
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影响河口橡胶产量的气候因子分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
<正> 本文试图通过河口垦区各气候因子与橡胶产量的相关分析,找出影响河口垦区橡胶产量的主要气候因子,以便在指导和安排割胶生产中,根据各气候要素的变化,合理安排割胶生产,抓死有效刀,不割或少割低效刀,趋利避害,把割胶生产逐步建立在科学的基础上,从而夺取橡胶的高产稳产,获取最大的经济效益。 一、资料的选择 相似文献
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低割面阴刀(由下往上割)新割胶技术综述及初探 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
综述了国内外橡胶树低割面阴刀割胶技术的研究结果.河口农场初试亦表明低割面阴刀割胶比常规割制有胶乳干含和产量提高、死皮明显降低的显著效果。 相似文献
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<正> 西双版纳垦区在割胶生产上,迄今仍不分品系、割龄,普遍采用1/2S·1/2d(不加刺激)强度为100％的割胶制度。显然,这是不科学的,并且由于长期在割胶刀数和深度上控制不严,已造成了橡胶树的大量死皮,影响了经济效益。因此,根据西双版纳的气候特点与橡胶树的产胶排胶规律的关系,应从割胶刀数和割胶深度上来调节采用1/2S·1/2d割制的不同品系、不同树龄的割胶强度,以保护和提高产胶能力,使整个生产周期持续高产稳产。本文仅就上述问题进行讨论,提出浅见。 相似文献
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<正>在橡胶生产中,使用最多,应用最广的种植材料为二年生芽接桩。因苗圃占用土地面积大,苗木留圃期长,18—21个月,定植后7—8年才能割胶,非生产期长。为缩短橡胶树非生产期,使之尽早开割投产,1978—1981年,我们曾以靠接法繁殖靠接芽接全苗,效果良好。现将其繁殖方法概述如下: 相似文献
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不断提高植胶科技水平,促进橡胶产业持续发展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
半个世纪以来,云南农垦依靠科技进步,建成了我国最好的天然橡胶高产基地。为了促进橡胶产业持续稳定发展,必须不断提高植胶科技水平。当前要重点做好橡胶树良种引进、选育推广;提早抗旱定植,缩短非生产期;全面推广营养诊断指导施肥;进一步深化割制改革,提高劳动生产率;加强胶乳生理参数诊断研究,科学指导割胶生产;全面推广抗病增胶灵作新割制刺激剂;加强死皮病综合防治技术研究及推广;加强病虫害流行规律及防治技术研究和抓好橡胶树综合开发利用等九个方面的工作。 相似文献
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Intercropping of immature rubber in Sri Lanka: present status and financial analysis of intercrops planted at three densities of banana 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
V. H. L. Rodrigo C. M. Stirling R. M. A. K. B. Naranpanawa P. H. M. U. Herath 《Agroforestry Systems》2001,51(1):35-48
Intercropping during the unproductive immature stage of rubber provides one means of addressing the gap in income suffered by smallholders after replanting or new planting of rubber. A survey of smallholder rubber plantations was undertaken to determine the current status of intercropping in Sri Lanka. A total of 587 smallholders were included in the survey that encompassed the four major rubber growing regions; Kalutura, Kegalle, Colombo and Rathnapura. Intercropping was practised on relatively few farms, with the percentage of smallholders engaged in intercropping ranging from 23 to 54%. Banana was the most common companion crop of rubber with a current extension recommendation for a single row of banana planted between rubber rows. A financial appraisal, based on data from an agronomic experiment, revealed the potential to raise profits by more than 350% if planting density of banana was increased threefold over current recommendations. Profitability of banana intercrops was governed by four major components; yield expected in the third year, fertiliser costs, labour costs and market value of banana fruit. The influence of planting density of banana on each component is discussed. The survey indicated that most farmers grew banana without chemical fertiliser. If high density banana intercropping is to be widely adopted as a means of raising income on immature rubber lands, then current recommendations for chemical inputs need to be addressed in order to bring initial costs down to a sustainable level for smallholders.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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阐述了科学发展、又好又快地建设天然橡胶企业,西双版纳民营天然橡胶产业的现状、存在的问题,指出要依靠科技进步,与国营农场合作,推广优良品种,推广新割制,加强技术的培训,加快人才培养,才能实现民营橡胶业的科学发展。 相似文献
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Economic Analyses of Rubber and Tea Plantations and Rubber-tea Intercropping in Hainan, China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This study uses land expectation value (LEV) as a criterion to conduct economic analyses of natural rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) and tea (Camellia sinensis var. assamica) monoculture, and rubber-tea intercropping. We calculated LEV by using the Faustmann model that combines annual revenue flow
from latex production with final timber harvest of rubber trees. Production and cost data were collected from Xinwei Farm
in Hainan, China. We found that rubber-tea intercropping generated higher LEV than rubber and tea monoculture under current
socio-economic circumstances. Sensitivity analysis has been conducted to examine the impacts on land expectation value by
interest rate, prices of natural rubber and tea, and labor costs. 相似文献
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To effectively conserve tropical forested areas, it is useful to study and understand historical land-cover changes and local people’s attitudes toward the current land-uses. Using forest inventory data, and data collected from a survey of 145 households, we explored the forestland-cover changes, within the past 50 yr, in Xishuangbanna, China, and assessed the local residents’ perceptions toward the existing forestland management schemes. Our analysis showed that although forestland coverage has increased during the time-period studied, the increase can be mostly attributed to the expansion of rubber plantations. Forest degradation continues to be an issue in the area studied. The government’s attempts to mitigate the effects of rubber monocultures, by promoting environment-friendly plantations, have been proven challenging, which was mainly due to locals’ unfavorable view of the plan. Also, because of the recent decreasing prices of dry rubber, many locals have lost their interest in managing the forest plots they own, hindering further the successful implementation of the plan. Considering these challenges, and the strong negative effects of rubber monocultures on biodiversity, we argue that the current incentives should be further strengthened to promote more efficiently the government’s “Environment-Friendly Ecological Rubber Plantations” plan, and the joint management of the locals’ forest plots. 相似文献
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Tapping-tree density in rubber plantations affects the production of dry rubber. Farmers can estimate rubber productivity when they know with certainty the number of tapping trees within a plantation and can therefore increase productivity through optimized planting schematics. Historical data on planting distance between trees and between rows, planting density (trees/ha) and tapping-tree density (number of trees under tapping for latex harvest per hectare) from 1952 to 2014 have been collected for plantations in the Hainan, Yunnan and Guangdong provinces of South China. A plantation survey was conducted to collect more detailed data on current tapping tree and planting densities in various plantations in the three provinces. Planting density and row spacing are found to have increased with rubber tree planting time and plant spacing to have declined from 1952 to 2014. Tapping-tree density of rubber plantations from 1955 to 1995 in South China ranges from 270 to 345 tree/ha, averaging 300 trees/ha. Strong typhoons and cold snaps are important drivers of fluctuations in tapping-tree density. The factors driving tapping-tree density are similar across the three provinces but the degree of change differs between provinces. Tapping panel dryness (due to tapping beyond the natural limit of the rubber tree productivity), severe wind damage and cold damage are the major factors resulting in loss of tapping trees in plantations in South China. These results suggest that a combination of environmental management for extreme weather and targeted breeding could improve tapping-tree density in rubber plantation and therefore dry rubber yield per unit area. 相似文献
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H. Bagnall-Oakeley C. Conroy A. Faiz A. Gunawan A. Gouyon E. Penot S. Liangsutthissagon H. D. Nguyen C. Anwar 《Agroforestry Systems》1996,36(1-3):83-104
A large proportion of global natural rubber production takes place in Southeast Asia. The majority of this rubber is produced by smallholders. Thailand, Indonesia and Malaysia are the three principal countries involved. In Malaysia and Indonesia the smallholder sector accounts for 72% and 84% of total rubber production respectively. In other countries rubber plays a significant role on a more local basis. Imperata is a serious problem for the smallholder rubber farmer in most of Southeast Asia in three respects: the high cost (labour and/or capital) of opening Imperata-infested land, its competitive effect on rubber and annual intercrops, and the fire hazard that it poses during the dry season as a major source of combustible material. The costs of Imperata to smallholders are substantial in terms of a direct loss through fire and revenue foregone or delayed as a result of competition. Most smallholders intercrop their rubber during the first 1–3 years after planting it, and during this period Imperata is reasonably well controlled. Intercropping is only feasible for a limited period because of limited soil fertility and/or the shading effect of the rubber trees. After intercropping, Imperata tends to establish itself for a few years until it too is shaded out by the rubber. This is the problem period, during which farmers practise only limited weed management, if any.A large amount of research has been done on methods of controlling Imperata, but the recommended methods have been generally spurned by smallholders unless they have been given subsidies to apply them. This paper describes the precise nature of the Imperata problem, with reference to some of the smallholder rubber-based farming systems within Southeast Asia; the different Imperata control strategies currently practised in these farming systems; and some of the constraints on the adoption of currently and recently recommended practices. It then proposes a ten-point agenda for research on Imperata control, including two ways in which current research programmes could be usefully reoriented: first, they need to take greater account of smallholder farming systems and constraints; and second they should shift their emphasis from single-method to integrated control systems. 相似文献