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1.
为解决传统油菜联合收获机往复式切割器因横割刀振动大、刀片对油菜茎杆扰动引起的割台落粒损失大、切割功耗高等问题,该研究设计了双动割刀行星轮驱动器。通过建立行星轮驱动机构运动方程,分析了驱动机构须满足的割刀运动结构参数。对行星轮驱动式双动割刀所受惯性力及切割图的分析表明,刀杆往复运动产生的惯性力是引起割刀产生振动的主要原因,且行星轮驱动式双动割刀具有惯性力平衡性能好、切割冲击小、对油菜茎秆扰动小及割刀切割连续性高等特点。茎秆切割功耗测试结果表明,割刀切割速度在1.2、1.4、1.6 m/s范围内,行星轮驱动式双动刀相对曲柄连杆驱动式单、双动刀切割器功耗平均分别降低了43.3%和16.8%。相同割幅的行星轮驱动式双动割刀和曲柄连杆式单动刀空转状态振动测试表明,割刀切割速度在0.8、1.2、1.6 m/s时,同一振动测点处安装有行星轮驱动式双动刀的割台较安装有曲柄连杆式单动刀切割器的割台所受割刀往复运动方向振动平均降低了56.3%。油菜联合收获田间试验结果表明:安装有行星轮驱动式双动刀的割台所受割刀往复运动方向的振动较安装有曲柄连杆式单动刀的割台降低51.2%;机器前进速度0.6～1.4 m/s时,行星轮驱动式双动割刀割台落粒损失最小为1.56%,最大为2.68%,较曲柄连杆式单动刀割台落粒损失平均降低42.5%。理论分析、室内试验及田间试验结果均表明,所设计的行星轮驱动式双动割刀振动小、功耗低、作业性能稳定,降低割台落粒损失效果明显。 相似文献
2.
小型牧草收获机双动切割装置设计与运动分析 总被引：5，自引：5，他引：0
为了解决小型牧草收获机单动刀工作时存在的平衡能力差、切割速度低、容易卡滞堵塞、难以适应柔性茎秆牧草的问题,进行了小型牧草收获机切割装置机构的改进设计;采用了双曲柄连杆机构带动两组刀片彼此反向切割的双动切割装置机构;通过其运动分析,得到了割刀位移、速度、加速度与曲柄转角的关系,并对动刀片结构参数和动刀间隙进行了优化设计。通过双动割刀切割速比的分析,绘制了不同切割速比下的双动割刀运动切割图,表明减少重割区和漏割区面积的最佳切割速比为K=1.6。研究结果为牧草切割装置的进一步优化设计和试验提供了参考依据。 相似文献
3.
履带式丘陵山地胡麻联合收割机设计与试验 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
针对丘陵山区地块面积小、道路狭窄,大型联合收割机运输难、进地难、转场难、操作难等现状,解决胡麻茎秆易缠绕、易堵塞、难喂入等问题,该研究设计了一种履带式丘陵山地胡麻联合收割机。该机采用防缠绕低损割台、纹杆+杆齿组合式小锥度横轴流脱粒滚筒、组合式窄栅格凹板等结构,可实现胡麻茎秆的防缠绕快速喂入、分段式脱粒与分离、清选等作业。试验结果表明:胡麻籽粒含水率为5.42%时,脱净率为98.76%、含杂率3.61%、破损率0.18%、割台损失率1.07%、夹带损失率0.25%,清选损失率0.81%、飞溅损失率0.26%、总损失率2.36%。作业期间整机运行平稳,作业指标符合胡麻机械化收获标准,满足胡麻机械化收获要求,可以作为丘陵山地胡麻联合收割机使用。 相似文献
4.
油菜茎秆切割力影响因素试验 总被引：15，自引：12，他引：3
为了减少油菜联合收割机割台切割力,降低油菜切割损失,该文针对切割油菜茎秆切割力的主要影响因素切割方式、茎秆切割位置、切割刀片形式和切割速度在自制切割试验台上进行了单因素和多因素切割力测试试验。单因素试验结果表明：锯齿形刀的切割力比光刀的切割力要小;切割方式以滑切最省力;切割速度和切割位置对切割力影响最大,表现为切割速度越大,茎秆位置离地面高度越高,其切割力越小。多因素试验表明：在油菜茎秆离地高度400 mm处,采用锯齿形刀片滑切时切割力最小。研究结果为设计工作效益高、性能可靠的切割机构提供了理论依据。 相似文献
5.
食葵联合收获机田间作业时,割台拨禾轮在拨禾过程中碰撞葵盘造成葵盘落粒,在螺旋输送器输送籽粒和葵盘过程中,籽粒表皮受到摩擦作用力导致表皮损伤,此外割台剧烈振动也会引起茎秆抖动,进而造成葵盘落粒。针对上述问题,该研究对适收期内不同含水率下食葵收获过程中割台碰撞、振动作用对葵盘落粒损失以及摩擦作用对籽粒表皮损伤的影响规律进行试验研究,明确食葵较佳收获时期,提高食葵收获作业效果。首先,开展拨禾轮与葵盘碰撞作用对落粒损失影响试验和螺旋输送器输送过程对食葵籽粒表皮损伤影响试验,结果表明籽粒含水率与落粒损失率呈极显著负相关（P<0.01）,与籽粒表皮损伤率呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）。其次,根据食葵收获对籽粒损失率和损伤率的要求确定了落粒损失率和籽粒表皮损伤率对收获效果的影响权重分别为0.54和0.46,通过目标函数寻优得出籽粒含水率为9%～13%为食葵较佳收获期。最后,基于Default Shaker液压振动台研究联合收获机主要振动频率范围内（1～40 Hz）的振动激励对落粒损失的影响,结果表明,食葵植株在7Hz振动激励作用下葵盘落粒损失率最大为1.5%。试验结果可为割台关键部件运行... 相似文献
6.
4DL-5A型蚕豆联合收割机关键部件设计与优化 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
针对国内蚕豆机械化收获作业中存在的含杂多、损失大、破碎高等难题,该研究对集切割、输送、脱粒、清选、收集于一体的蚕豆联合收割机的关键部件进行设计。首先对4DL-5A型蚕豆联合收割机关键部件进行设计与分析,确定割台装置、脱粒装置、清选装置主要工作参数,然后采用二次正交旋转组合试验方法设计试验并用Design-Expert进行数据处理,以含杂率、损失率、破碎率作为响应指标,重点研究4DL-5A型蚕豆联合收割机收获作业中前进速度、滚筒转速和风机转速对响应指标的影响规律,建立含杂率、损失率和破碎率的回归数学模型,通过响应曲面方法分析各因素交互作用影响,对回归模型进行多目标优化,得出4DL-5A型蚕豆联合收割机作业参数的最优组合为：前进速度0.57 m/s,滚筒转速400.45 r/min,风机转速1265.16 r/min,此时,含杂率3.23 %,损失率3.00 %,破碎率2.72 %。对优化参数进行田间试验验证,测得含杂率3.49 %,损失率2.87 %,破碎率2.83 %,与优化值相对误差分别为8.05 %、4.33 %、4.04 %,结果较吻合。该研究结果可为蚕豆联合收割机设计、结构改进和作业参数调整提供参考。 相似文献
7.
风筛选式油菜联合收割机清选机构参数优化与试验 总被引：2，自引：8，他引：2
为分析油菜田间实际收获作业状态时风筛选式油菜联合收割机清选机构参数对清选损失率和籽粒含杂率的影响,基于双滚筒风筛选式可移动田间联合收获试验平台,对振动筛振幅、曲柄转速、风机转速和风机倾角4个参数进行了Plackett-Burman试验和响应面回归试验,试验分析表明振动筛振幅和曲柄转速是影响清选损失率的主要因素,风机转速是影响籽粒含杂率的主要因素。采用响应面试验方法分析了单因素和双因素对清选效果的影响,建立了清选损失率和籽粒含杂率的回归数学模型并优化求解了一组最优参数组合,以一组接近最优参数组合:振动筛振幅35 mm,曲柄转速392 r/min,风机转速1 750 r/min,风机倾角29°进行了试验验证,清选损失率和籽粒含杂率分别为0.90%和0.45%。理论求解的清选损失率和籽粒含杂率分别为0.38%和0.48%,与试验值的绝对误差分别为0.52%和-0.03%,籽粒含杂率误差较小,清选损失率误差较大。与该清选机构常用工作参数时的清选损失率和籽粒含杂率对比,清选损失率降低了61%,籽粒含杂率降低了58%。该研究结果和优化方法可为风筛选式油菜联合收割机清选机构的参数选择和优化提供参考。 相似文献
8.
不同收获方式含水率对油菜收获物流损失的影响 总被引：11，自引：8，他引：3
收获物流损失是影响油菜生产成本的重要因素,以DMH145油菜品种为对象,在丹麦FOULUM 农业研究中心试验研究了油菜籽粒含水率对油菜分段收获和联合收获中3种主要损失的影响,建立了含水率与3种主要损失及总损失之间的数学函数,另外秸秆含水率对秸秆收获物流损失的影响也进行了研究。结果表明：随着含水率的降低,脱粒损失和清选损失降低,但是过低的含水量会使割台损失增大。总损失与含水率之间存在CUBIC函数关系且关系显著;不同含水率情况下,分段收获和联合收获籽粒平均损失率分别为16.358%和18.771%,分段收获平均高出联合收获2.4%;在三大损失中割台损失最低值0.976%,平均低于脱粒损失和清选损失;秸秆含水率对秸秆收获物流损失影响不显著。 相似文献
9.
纵轴流联合收获机关键部件改进设计与试验 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
针对当前履带式纵轴流联合收获机中存在的工作状态无法在收获不同作物间快速转换,割台损失率较高、脱粒分离能力较差以及功耗高等不足,对割台、脱粒、清选、行走等主要工作部件进行了改进设计与试验研究。将割台设计为无级调速可伸缩式结构,脱粒装置改为纵轴同径差速滚筒脱粒装置,采用单HST(hydro static transmission)原地转向行走装置及防粘附清选装置,并经室内试验和田间试验表明:可伸缩割台能实现稻麦收割状态与油菜收割状态的快速转换,扩大了割台的使用功能,收获油菜损失显著减少,与常规相比较,油菜损失率降低2.8个百分点;差速轴流滚筒提高了脱粒效果和分离能力,与等长度单转速轴流滚筒相比,夹带与脱不净损失率分别减少了0.02个百分点与0.09个百分点,破碎率减少了0.017个百分点;原地转向行走机构减少了地表土壤的破坏并降低了转向功耗,以原地转向替代单边制动转向时,节约功耗37.0%;清选机构抖动板和清选筛面经不沾水处理,改善了潮湿谷物的清选性能,清选损失率降低0.9个百分点,含杂率降低0.4个百分点;这些联合收获机主要工作部件的改进设计提高了整机工作性能,以期为联合收获机主要工作部件改进,提高联合收获机工作性能提供参考。 相似文献
10.
棉花秸秆双支撑切割性能试验 总被引：1，自引：7，他引：1
针对现有往复式切割器切割收获棉花秸秆过程中存在切割质量差与切割刀片易损坏等问题,该文利用自制的棉花秸秆切割试验台和高速摄影系统,以棉秆单位直径最大切割力和单位面积切割功为目标值,对平均切割速度、切割倾角和切割速比等影响因素进行了棉秆往复式双支撑切割条件下的单因素试验、中心组合试验和验证试验。利用响应面法对中心组合试验数据进行了处理,建立了目标值与各影响因素之间的回归模型,优化了往复式双支撑切割器切割棉花秸秆时的工作参数。试验结果表明,平均切割速度和切割倾角对棉花秸秆单位直径最大切割力和单位面积切割功的影响显著(P0.01),切割速比影响不显著(P0.05),但切割速比对棉秆切割截面的质量具有重要影响;当切割速比为1.25和1.5时棉秆一次切断率为85%,比切割速比为1、1.75和2时高出10%~15%,割茬高度比切割速比为1、1.75和2时低10~30 mm;利用往复式双支撑切割器切割棉花秸秆时的工作参数的最佳组合是:平均切割速度为0.9 m/s、切割倾角为12.7°、切割速比在1.25~1.5之间,该条件下的棉秆切割性能目标值的平均实测值与预测值的误差均小于7%,表明棉花秸秆往复式双支撑切割器工作参数的优化结果可靠。该研究为高效、低耗的棉花秸秆切割收获机械装备及其切割器的研制和使用提供参考。 相似文献
11.
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
13.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
14.
Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
15.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
16.
Thomas Larsen Jesper Luxhøi Jakob Magid Lars Stoumann Jensen Paul Henning Krogh 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,44(1):59-68
We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization
and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition
with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the
decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots
with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass,
soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration,
N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially
(<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation
in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils,
indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but
the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation
for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community
performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea. 相似文献
17.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(7)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
18.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(6)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
19.
Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
20.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):865-877
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils. 相似文献