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通过播前常规施肥、大中微量元素配施(综合养分)处理,研究其对中早熟马铃薯LK99干物质积累,N、P、K、Fe、Zn、Ca的积累、分配等的影响。研究结果表明,大中微量元素配施可明显提高LK99商品薯率和鲜薯产量,随着生育期的推进,LK99植株干物质积累量呈现"慢-快-慢"的"S"形变化规律,而干物质积累速率呈现单峰曲线变化。整个生育期LK99植株对6种养分的吸收呈"慢-快-慢"的单峰变化曲线。养分在各器官中的分配随着生长发育各阶段的推进而变化,生育前期主要分配在叶片和茎秆中,块茎形成以后,随着库的扩大,开始由茎叶向块茎运移。至成熟期,约有90%的N、P、K和80%的Zn是贮存在块茎中。大中微量元素配合施用有利于Fe、Ca在块茎中的贮存。 相似文献
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大中微量元素配施对陇薯5号养分吸收及品质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在陇中高寒阴湿区研究大中微量元素配施对马铃薯陇薯5号NPK吸收规律的影响。研究结果表明,生育阶段不同养分在陇薯5号各器官中的分配比例不同,生育期单株氮磷钾养分吸收速率呈单峰曲线。生育前期吸收的养分主要分配在茎叶中;块茎膨大期,养分在茎叶和块茎中的分配约为8∶2;成熟期,块茎中氮磷钾的比例分别约为50%,65%,60%。出苗后45 d,65~75 d分别是马铃薯陇薯5号P、NK需求关键期。此外,NPK＋微量元素配施可以提高马铃薯块茎干物质、粗淀粉、VC、粗蛋白含量,提高马铃薯产量,说明均衡施肥可实现马铃薯稳产优质。 相似文献
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为了改善平凉地区马铃薯品种结构,实现马铃薯早、中、晚熟品种合理搭配,筛选出适宜平凉地区幼龄果园间作的马铃薯新品种,2018年在平凉市庄浪县进行了适宜幼龄果园间作的马铃薯品种筛选试验。结果表明:早熟品种中,LK99和冀张薯12号,产量高,商品性好,且LK99生育期最短,仅为91d,能提早上市,可在当地幼龄果园中大面积推广种植。中晚熟品种中,中薯19号、陇薯12号、L08104-12产量高,商品性好,经济性状优良,综合表现好于当地主栽品种庄薯3号,适宜在庄浪县区域内种植。试验筛选出了早熟品种LK99和冀张薯12号、中熟品种中薯19号、晚熟品种陇薯12号和L08104-12,为实现当地马铃薯的早、中、晚熟合理搭配提供了依据。 相似文献
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XIA Jinhui 《长江蔬菜》2008,(20)
研究马铃薯会-2的干物质积累及氮、磷、钾养分的吸收、积累和分配特征,结果表明,会-2叶片对氮、磷、钾的吸收速率与干物质积累速率的变化同步,呈双峰曲线变化,分别在现蕾期和终花期间出现峰值;块茎干物质积累及养分吸收速率呈单峰曲线,块茎干物质主要在盛花期至茎叶枯萎期形成,该期也是块茎养分积累的主要时期;终花期以前,干物质及养分主要分配在地上部分,终花期以后,主要分配在块茎中;会-2对氮(N)、磷(P2O5)、钾(K2O)的吸收比例为1∶0.140∶1.919;生产500kg块茎,需吸收N2.756kg,P2O50.310kg,K2O4.256kg。 相似文献
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研究马铃薯会-2的干物质积累及氮、磷、钾养分的吸收、积累和分配特征,结果表明,会-2叶片对氮、磷、钾的吸收速率与干物质积累速率的变化同步,呈双峰曲线变化,分别在现蕾期和终花期间出现峰值;块茎干物质积累及养分吸收速率呈单峰曲线,块茎干物质主要在盛花期至茎叶枯萎期形成,该期也是块茎养分积累的主要时期;终花期以前,干物质及养分主要分配在地上部分,终花期以后,主要分配在块茎中;会-2对氮(N)、磷(P2O2)、钾(K2O)的吸收比例为1:0.140:1.919;生产500 kg块茎,需吸收N 2.756 kg,P2O5 0.310 kg,K2O 4.256 kg. 相似文献
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对不同繁育方式的2个马铃薯品种原种性状表现差异性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对露地和网棚繁育的2个不同熟性马铃薯品种原种表现进行比较.结果表明.无论是网棚条件下繁育还是露地条件下繁育,对晚熟品种陇薯3号、早熟品种LK99的幼苗生长势、整齐度、生育期以及植株高度均没有显著影响.露地繁育的陇薯3号原种花叶病发病率比网棚繁育的高3.57～5.01个百分点,而繁育条件对卷叶病影响不显著.LK99无花叶病、卷叶病发生.2个品种晚疫病露地繁育的原种发病率均比网棚繁育的原种高5.0个百分点.生产的一级种网棚与露地相比.2个品种的单株块茎数、单株生产力差异均不明显.网棚繁育的陇薯3号比露地繁育的增产9.3%,LK99增产4.5%,增收不明显.差异不显著.种植一级种产量跟踪发现,生产的二级种网棚比露地减产幅度大. 相似文献
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陇薯20号是以LK99为母本,以冀张薯8号为父本,采用有性杂交、系统选育而成的马铃薯新品种。早中熟,生育期89 d(天)左右;株型半直立,成株繁茂,结薯集中,平均单株结薯数4.5个,大中薯(> 75 g)率80%以上;块茎椭圆形,薯皮光滑,芽眼浅,白皮白肉,单薯质量160 g左右,干物质含量17.28%,粗淀粉含量11.64%,粗蛋白含量2.17%,VC含量139.0 mg · kg-1,还原糖含量0.29%;每667 m2产量2600 kg左右,田间对晚疫病的抗性强于对照LK99,适宜甘肃省陇南、天水、兰州、白银、平凉地区川水地栽培。 相似文献
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R. Booij A. D. H. Kreuzer A. L. Smit A. Van Der Werf 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(2):285-297
SummaryThe effect of rate and date of application of nitrogen fertilizer on the partitioning of biomass and nitrogen in Brussels sprouts was studied in field experiments. Growth of Brussels sprouts was in two phases: during the first phase mainly leaves and stem were produced and during the second phase mainly bud growth occurred. At the onset of bud growth, 60–80% of the total biomass was produced and an equal proportion of nitrogen had been taken up. Final bud weight and bud nitrogen content correlated positively with the total biomass and nitrogen content at the onset of bud growth. Partitioning of biomass and nitrogen among the different above-ground plant organs was hardly affected by the nitrogen availability and the time of the fertilizer application. Harvest index at the final harvest was 0.25 for the biomass and 0.45 for nitrogen. During bud growth, leaf senesced at a high rate. Biomass and, especially, nitrogen was remobilized from the leaves before shedding. During bud growth the decrease in nitrogen content of the leaves was up to 50% of the nitrogen increase of the buds. When additional N was applied at the onset of bud growth, N remobilization decreased. An N application at the onset of bud growth increased bud growth due to a delay of leaf shedding. Nitrogen concentration in the buds increased due to a N application at the onset of bud growth, which resulted in a greener appearance. When a certain amount or nitrogen was split into two portions (half at transplanting and half at the onset of bud growth) the nitrogen concentration of the buds was higher than when applied completely at transplanting only, but the partitioning of biomass and the bud yield was not affected. 相似文献
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中国马铃薯不同产区氮肥利用率的比较分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用问卷调研和文献检索相结合的方法,分析我国6 个马铃薯主产区氮肥施用量、基肥量、追肥次数、马铃薯产量等因素,对马铃薯氮肥利用率现状进行了分析评价,探讨提高马铃薯氮肥偏生产力的有效途径。结果表明：不同产区马铃薯氮肥偏生产力差异较大,东北区为184 kg · kg-1、西南区110 kg · kg-1、中原区104 kg · kg-1、华南区99 kg · kg-1、西北区95 kg ·kg-1、华北区84 kg · kg-1;氮肥施用过量是氮肥偏生产力低的主要原因;通过采取“大配方、小调整”区域配肥技术、土壤测试与植株营养诊断相结合的氮肥推荐方案、新型肥料和有机肥配施的施肥方式进行马铃薯产量潜力的充分挖掘是实现减氮增效的有效技术途径。 相似文献
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以6年生果实膨大后期‘赤霞珠’葡萄为试材,运用13C和15N标记技术,分别标记不同部位和节位的枝条叶片,研究碳氮营养吸收分配规律。结果表明:标记近主干和远主干枝条叶片,叶片合成的光合产物和吸收的氮素营养在近主干和远主干枝条之间不相互转运,近主干枝条上的果实对光合产物的征调能力强于远主干枝条上的果实,δ值(表示固定的13C同化物的量)是远主干枝条上果实的4.74倍;同一枝条不同节位的标记叶片距结果部位越近,果实的δ值和Ndff值越大,说明果实优先征调距果实近的叶片碳氮素营养;副梢保留6片叶所固定的光合产物总量和吸收的氮素营养总量均大于保留2片叶的,分别是其1.1倍和1.8倍。 相似文献
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A. P. Everaarts M. L. Van Beusichem 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(5):704-710
SummarySingle and combined effects of three planting dates and three plant densities on nitrogen uptake and nitrogen harvest by Brussels sprouts (Brassica olerácea var. gemmifera) were studied in field experiments. The total amount of nitrogen taken up by the crop at harvest ranged between 220 and 325 kg ha–1. Although final crop dry matter decreased, total nitrogen uptake was not lower when planting was delayed. This resulted in increased nitrogen concentrations both in the total crop and in the harvested product. Forty to fifty per cent of the nitrogen taken up by the harvest was removed from the field with the product. Within the range of 2.7 to 4.4 plants per m2, plant density had no effect on final nitrogen uptake nor on the amount of nitrogen harvested with the product. The results indicate that nitrogen fertilizer recommendations should take planting date into account, because with delayed planting less dry matter will be accumulated with a corresponding lower nitrogen requirement. There was no interaction of effects of planting date and plant density on nitrogen uptake. 相似文献
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M. Allen 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(4):308-324
When apple leaves, either detached or still attached to the tree, were immersed in solutions of copper sulphate, at least four successive phases were distinguishable in the graph relating uptake with time, namely :Phase I, when copper was taken up at a rapidly declining rate during the first 30 seconds or so of immersion, and adsorbed.Phases II and III, which were both linear-with-time uptakes, II being faster than III, and of a rate proportional to the applied concentration ; the length of time occupied by phase II increased as the applied concentration was reduced. The length of time occupied by phase III, and the amount of copper taken up in this phase, both varied markedly from experiment to experiment.Phase IV, in which copper was taken up at a rate comparable with that of phase II whilst material from within the leaf was simultaneously released into the solution in which the leaves were immersed.An increase in temperature from 0° to 30° C. had little effect on the rates of uptake in phases I and II, but a further increase of 6° C. led to a considerably faster uptake in phase II.The rate of uptake in phase II was lower for leaves of M.III rootstock than for leaves of Cox’s Orange Pippin. 相似文献
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A nitrogen fertilization trial (0–60–120–180 kg N/ha annually) with the red currant cultivar ‘Rovada’ was carried out from 2000 to 2003. N-fertilization did not influence yield or quality of the berries; only the length of clusters was influenced significantly. Forty-four to 52 kg N/ha of the yearly amount of N-fertilizer were taken up by the plants. In most cases, this nitrogen uptake was luxury consumption. Yearly N-fertilization with 30 kg to 60 kg N/ha is recommended. 相似文献
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A. F. Posnette R. Cropley 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(4):298-302
When apple leaves, either detached or still attached to the tree, were immersed in solutions of copper sulphate, at least four successive phases were distinguishable in the graph relating uptake with time, namely :Phase I, when copper was taken up at a rapidly declining rate during the first 30 seconds or so of immersion, and adsorbed.Phases II and III, which were both linear-with-time uptakes, II being faster than III, and of a rate proportional to the applied concentration ; the length of time occupied by phase II increased as the applied concentration was reduced. The length of time occupied by phase III, and the amount of copper taken up in this phase, both varied markedly from experiment to experiment.Phase IV, in which copper was taken up at a rate comparable with that of phase II whilst material from within the leaf was simultaneously released into the solution in which the leaves were immersed.An increase in temperature from 0° to 30° C. had little effect on the rates of uptake in phases I and II, but a further increase of 6° C. led to a considerably faster uptake in phase II.The rate of uptake in phase II was lower for leaves of M.III rootstock than for leaves of Cox’s Orange Pippin. 相似文献
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长期以来氮肥的施用在马铃薯生产中起到了重要作用。但是,随着氮肥施用量的增加,氮肥利用效率势必会降低并造成一定的环境问题。因此,根据马铃薯的需肥规律进行氮肥的施用,提高氮肥利用率已成为业界共识。然而,传统的氮肥推荐方法如土壤测试的方法费时费力、实时性差。随着遥感测试技术的发展,一些传感器应运而生,使基于光谱的植株氮营养快速检测成为可能。本文介绍了主动作物冠层传感器GreenSeeker对作物营养诊断的原理及其在玉米、小麦等作物上应用的国内外研究进展,并讨论其在马铃薯氮素营养诊断和精确施肥的重要性、可行性及应用前景。 相似文献