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1.
Concepta McManus Helder Louvandini Rosilene Gugel Luiz Cláudio Bastos Sasaki Eliandra Bianchini Francisco Ernesto Moreno Bernal Samuel Rezende Paiva Tiago Prado Paim 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(1):121-126
The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare physical parameters in groups of sheep with different phenotypic characteristics
in the Centre-west region of Brazil. Five groups of sheep, with nine animals per group, were selected, three groups of Santa
Inês animals with different coat colours (white, brown and black), one group with crossbred animals (Santa Inês × Bergamasca)
and one group with animals of the Bergamasca breed. The following traits were evaluated: coat thickness, number and length
of hair, pigmentation level in the coat and the skin as well as the percentage area of sweats glands in the skin tissue, carried
out by histological analysis. The number of hairs and the area of sweats glands were not significantly different between the
evaluated groups. The Bergamasca breed showed low pigmentation of the skin and long hairs. The levels of pigmentation of the
hair and of the skin were highly correlated. Between the Santa Inês groups, the group with white hair showed the better parameters
for heat adaptation, while the brown hair group showed the lower heat adaptation when compared with another hair breed groups. 相似文献
2.
María J. Snchez‐Guerrero Sara Negro‐Rama Sebastin Demyda‐Peyras Marina Sol‐Berga Pedro J. Azor‐Ortiz Mercedes Valera‐Crdoba 《Animal Science Journal》2019,90(1):14-22
Gene mutations influencing melanocytes also impact on physiological and behavioural functions. In this study, we investigated their association with four different coat colours in the Pura Raza Español (PRE) horse using morphological traits and molecular datasets. Four different subpopulations were identified according to individual coat colour: grey, bay, chestnut and black. Coat colour significantly associated with morphological measurements. Observed and expected heterozygosity values were low in grey compared with the other three subpopulations, suggesting the presence of unique ancestral alleles probably arisen by genetic drift and selection mechanism effects. Nei's distance demonstrated a clear division among subpopulations, the grey being the most divergent group. Gene flow estimates were similar, showing the lowest values in grey. Divergence times among subpopulations assessed with the average square distance suggested that grey was the original PRE population which diverged from bay, chestnut and black. Our results also demonstrated a clear morphological differentiation according to coat colour. The close genetic structure of bay and chestnut PRE subpopulations and the clear differences in most morphological traits of grey and chestnut PRE mares would suggest the pleiotropic effect of genomic regions determining coat colour in horses. However, further analysis including genomic information would be necessary to elucidate the mechanisms involved. 相似文献
3.
Coat colour inheritance in horses 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The colours of the horses have long been a subject of interest to owners and breeders of horses as well as to scientists. Though, the colour of horses has little to do with its performance, it is a primary means of identification and also the first indicator of questionable parentage. Probably the ancestral colour of the horse was a black-based pattern that provided camouflage protection against predators. Horse colours are mostly controlled by genes at 12 different loci. The three basic colours of horses are black, bay and chestnut. The genetic control of the basic colours of horses resides at two genetic loci, namely Extension (E) and Agouti (A) loci. Among the basic colours bay is dominant to black and both are epistatic to chestnut. Dilution of basic colours of horses as a result of four colour dilution genes such as cream dilution, dun, silver dapple and champagne resulted in extensive array of possible colours of horses. The most widespread and familiar of the horse colour dilution gene is the one that produces the golden body colour and are called as palomino or buckskin based on the colour of the points. The grey coat colour is due to the presence of dominant gene (G) at the grey locus. Grey is epistatic to all coat colour genes except white and a grey horse must have at least one grey parent. Roan is due to a dominant gene (Rn) at roan locus and this combines with any base colour to produce the various shades of roan pattern. White coat is due to a single dominant gene (W) and it is epistatic to the genes controlling all other colours. White marking in the face and legs are due to genetic and non-genetic factors. Several genes are involved in producing white markings. During recent years, comparative genomics and whole genome scanning have been used to develop DNA tests for different variety of horse colours. Molecular genetic studies on coat colour in horses helped in identification of the genes and mutation responsible for coat colour variants. In future, this will be applied to breeding programmes to reduce the incidence of diseases and to increase the efficiency of race horse population. 相似文献
4.
Mid-rib hair coat samples (n = 577) were obtained from 9- to 10-mo-old Hereford and Angus bulls and heifers to examine diet and breed differences in hair coat characteristics and their relationship to 168-d postweaning gain. Each sample was cleaned and subdivided into guard hairs and undercoat. Dependent variables included the number, weight, length, diameter and percentage of medullation of guard hairs and undercoat. Sources of variation included breed, sire nested within breed, year (1965 or 1966), sex of calf, diet fed during the postweaning gain test (2 parts rolled grain:1 part chopped hay vs all chopped hay) and the linear regression on age of calf as a covariate. Factor analysis was used to transform the 10 hair coat variables into a set of four factors that accounted for 71% of the total variance of the original variables. Angus cattle tended to have shorter, less medullated coats (Factor 1), shorter, larger diameter undercoat hairs and guard hairs with less medullation than Herefords. Sire within breed differences existed for weight, length, and diameter of both types of hairs and all four factors. Compared with the medium-energy-diet, the high-energy diet reduced hair weight per unit of surface area, undercoat number and guard hair medullation. Undercoat density (Factor 3) was reduced by the higher-energy diet (P less than .001), whereas guard hair density (Factor 2) was not changed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
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In 11 German Holstein cattle with black and white or red and white coat colour short tails could be observed. All affected animals were born in different farms. A clinical examination could not reveal further congenital anomalies of other organs. The parents of the affected animals showed no abnormalities of the tail. The pedigree data showed that all short tailed animals were related with each other and this fact provides evidence that brachyury is an inherited congenital anomaly. The coefficients of relationships were between 0.20 and 25%. The pedigree indicated a monogenic or oligogenic autosomal recessive inheritance. Environmental factors causing short tails in these animals were not obvious. 相似文献
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M L Ryder 《Research in veterinary science》1976,21(3):280-283
The coats of four cats were studied for 20 months through one winter and one summer in Australia. It was found that the outer coat and undercoat length varied from 25 mm and 12 mm in summer to 30 mm and 15 mm in winter. Follicle activity was at a maximum about February (late summer) and at a minimum in August (late winter). The peak of winter inactivity was narrow, and fell short of 100 per cent. During summer never more than 70 per cent of the outer coat hairs, and 50 per cent of the undercoat were active, indicating that despite a basic seasonal cycle, hair replacement is relatively gradual. 相似文献
8.
Use of heat tolerance traits in discriminating between groups of sheep in central Brazil 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
Castanheira Marlos Paiva Samuel Rezende Louvandini Helder Landim Aline Fiorvanti Maria Clorinda Soares Dallago Bruno Stefano Correa Patricia Spoto McManus Concepta 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(8):1821-1828
The animal and its environment make up an integrated system, where each acts on the other. Tropical regions are characterized by high levels of solar radiation and environmental temperature which may adversely affect animal production. This study carries out a multivariate analysis of physical and physiological traits in sheep in the Federal District of Brazil to test the ability to separate groups of animals and determine which traits are most important in the adaptation of animal to heat stress. The variables studied included coat thickness, number and length of hairs, pigmentation of the skin and coat, number of sweat glands as well as heart and respiratory rates, rectal and skin temperatures, sweating rate, and blood parameters. Five groups of ten animals were used depending on breed (Bergamasca, crossbred, or Santa Inês) or coat color (Santa Inês—brown, white, and black). The data underwent multivariate statistical analyses including cluster, discriminate, and canonical, using Statistical Analysis System—SAS®. The tree diagram showed clear distances between groups studied and canonical analysis was able to separate individuals in groups, especially Bergamasca and white Santa Inês. The canonical correlation redundancy analysis showed that coat reflectance as well as hair length and number of hairs per unit area were the most useful in explaining changes in physiological traits. Skin and coat traits such as hair length, coat reflectance, percentage of epithelial area occupied by sweat glands, skin reflectance and thickness, as well as heart and breathing rates were the most important in separating these groups.
相似文献9.
Background – The melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) gene plays a key role in determining coat colour in mammals by controlling the proportion of eumelanin and pheomelanin granules. Wild raccoon dogs have a mixed coat colour, with black to brown and grey hairs. Hypothesis/Objectives – The study was performed to identify the cause of the variant yellow coat colour in a wild raccoon dog. Animals – A wild raccoon dog that showed coat colour change to yellow and four wild‐type raccoon dogs that showed normal coat colour were included. Methods – To identify the cause of the variant yellow coat colour, we examined the sequence of the MC1R gene and its expression at the mRNA and protein levels. Results – The coding region of the MC1R gene of this raccoon dog comprised 954 bp, the same as for wild‐type raccoon dogs and domestic dogs. By comparing the gene with that in the wild‐type raccoon dog, a 2 bp deletion was detected in the 5′‐untranslated region, positioned 152 bp upstream of the start codon. However, there was no significant difference in the mRNA expression level. The yellow raccoon dog revealed a significantly decreased MC1R protein level compared with the wild‐type raccoon dogs, indicating an increase in pheomelanin synthesis. Conclusions and clinical importance – These results suggest that the variant coat colour in the yellow raccoon dog was associated with decreased MC1R function. 相似文献
10.
C. J. Chesney 《Veterinary dermatology》1997,8(3):183-190
The coat of seven ‘Landseer’ Newfoundland dogs was irradiated using an infra-red source for 25 min. In each dog, at a site of each colour (black and white), skin and coat temperatures were monitored, and coat air humidity measured with a specially designed instrument. Almost no differences were noted at sites with differing coat colour. Skin temperature rose from 35 °C to a plateau at 39 °C, whilst coat temperature rose from 30 °C to 41 °C. Relative humidity of coat air initially rose, then fell significantly (P < 0.001). The absolute humidity initially almost doubled (P < 0.001), but then fell, although remaining significantly higher than that of ambient air. It was concluded that an initial burst of sweating was followed by lower but continuing secretion. This was not, however, of great importance in cooling. In a separate study the skin temperature of black coated dogs exposed to bright sunshine was explored. The mean temperature was almost identical to that of the plateau skin temperature noted in Newfoundland dogs. 相似文献
11.
Coat and hair color: hair cortisol and serotonin levels in lactating Holstein cows under heat stress conditions 
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下载免费PDF全文 Jalil Ghassemi Nejad Byong‐Wan Kim Bae‐Hun Lee Kyung‐Il Sung 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(1):190-194
The deleterious effects of heat stress on animal health are being increasingly recognized. This study aimed to determine hair cortisol (HC) and serotonin levels in lactating Holstein cows under heat stress conditions with different coat and hair‐cut color. Forty‐five multiparous lactating Holstein cows (days in milk = 130 ± 47, body weight = 753 ± 85 kg) were divided to two main groups of over 80% black coat color (BC) and over 85% white coat color (WC) visually observed based on registry certificates and subdividing to black hair sample (BH) and white hair samples (WH) in 2 × 2 factorial arrangements. Hair samples were taken from the forehead of the individuals. Higher HC levels were observed in BC than WC cows (P < 0.05). No differences were found in HC levels between BH and WH groups (P > 0.05). Serotonin levels showed no difference between BC and WC (P > 0.05). Interaction between coat color and hair color was not significant (P > 0.05). The cortisol levels in hair are not affected by pigmentation. However, pigmentation within the coat alters cortisol levels. In conclusion, white coat color retains less cortisol than the black coat. Therefore, white coats are preferable for dairy cows under heat stress conditions. 相似文献
12.
Parizzi RC Santos JM Oliveira MF Maia MO Sousa JA Miglino MA Santos TC 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2008,37(3):169-176
The morphological characteristics of the oviduct of 12 sexually mature rheas (Rhea americana) were studied. Only the left oviduct is developed as a long tube with a length of 122 +/- 23.1 cm, and is subdivided into infundibulum (15.2 +/- 4.0 cm), magnum (63.3 +/- 9.4 cm), isthmus (5.6 +/- 3.1 cm), uterus (16.0 +/- 4.2 cm) and vagina (11.5 +/- 1.4 cm). The mucous membrane of the oviduct, as a whole, possesses luminal folds covered by ciliated columnar epithelium with secretory cells. The infundibulum part presents a cranial opening with thin and long fimbriae with few tubular glands in caudal tubular portion. In the magnum, the largest portion of the oviduct, the folds are thicker and are filled with tubular glands. The isthmus is short and presents less bulky folds and a few tubular glands. A bag-shaped uterus in the cranial area shows thin folds, and in the caudal region (shell gland) more ramified folds with few tubular glands. The vagina has long luminal folds and a thick muscular tunic; no glands with sperm-storage characteristics have been observed. In conclusion, the oviduct in sexually mature rhea has morphological similarities with the other species of birds already described; however it presents its own characteristics to produce a big egg. 相似文献
13.
N. Borchers N. Reinsch E. Kalm 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2000,117(4):285-287
In this note the coat colour‐change of a descendant of a cross involving Piétrain, Landrace and Large White is described. One sow was born as a black spotted piglet with a white background. At the end of rearing the gilt showed a red background, a change which was also observed in one full brother and two half sisters of the sow. By 1 year of age the red colour had turned to roan. This colour also appeared in another unrelated pig, which was born as a tricoloured animal. 相似文献
14.
研究旨在比较不同羽色及性别番鸭在屠宰性能及肌肉成分上的差别,为选育优良番鸭品种提供依据。试验选取1日龄黑羽番鸭、白羽番鸭及黑白花番鸭公、母共324羽,按羽色、性别分为6个处理,每处理设6个重复,每重复9只鸭,各处理饲喂相同日粮,试验期90d。结果表明：雄性黑羽番鸭屠宰率、全净膛率显著高于雄性白羽及黑白花羽番鸭（P〈0．05）,而雌性黑白花番鸭及白羽番鸭的胸肌率和瘦肉率相近且均显著高于雌性黑羽番鸭（P〈0．05）;各处理番鸭肌肉中汞、镉、砷、铅含量无显著差异（P〉0．05）,且均很微量;各同羽色雄性番鸭肌肉水分、无氮浸出物和粗蛋白质含量均基本略高于其同羽色雌性番鸭,而各处理雌性番鸭肌肉粗脂肪、粗灰分含量则高于其同羽色的雄性番鸭;雄性白羽番鸭和黑白花番鸭肌肉粗蛋白质含量相近且均显著高于雄性黑羽番鸭（P〈0．05）;各同羽色番鸭中基本上肌肉氨基酸含量均以雄性高于雌性,而同性别的番鸭比较,雄性白羽番鸭肌肉中多种氨基酸的含量显著高于雄性黑羽及雄性黑白花羽番鸭（P〉0．05）;同时雌性各羽色番鸭肌肉中多种氨基酸含量呈现出：黑白花番鸭〉黑羽番鸭〉白羽番鸭,但该趋势不显著（P〉0．05）。试验结果表明,雄性黑羽番鸭屠宰性能有一定优势,白羽番鸭肌肉养分和氨基酸含量优势明显。 相似文献
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对自然感染蜜蜂蛹病的蜂场调查，取样及症状观察，查明患病的蜜蜂蛹体色由白色变为灰白色，后期变为干枯状色，巢房盖被咬开，呈“白头蛹”状；感染试验表明，患病死亡的蜂蛹和病蜂群中的蜂王是传染来源；取自死亡工蜂蛹的头部，中肠组织和病蜂王卵巢组织作超薄病理切片，经电镜检测发现大量直径约２０毫微米的球型病毒粒子。电镜和免疫电镜诊断，均观察到大量的约２０毫微米的球型病毒粒子，此外，还对症状诊断，鉴别诊断和血清学诊 相似文献
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F. K. Al-Bagdadi L. P. Ruhr L. F. Archbald C. W. Titkemeyer C. S. Foil 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》1988,17(4):349-359
Eight healthy dogs of mixed breeds with short hair coats were used in this study. The skin and the hair of a small area on the left side of the saddle region were dyed 80 times once every day with a permanent hair dye, Clairol Hair Dye Flaxen Blonde. The dyed regions were red and dry toward the last two weeks of the experiment. None of the dogs had abnormal hair shedding. Four of the dogs were restless, and their epidermis were parakeratotic and hyperkeratotic.
The cuticular cells of the hair shafts of two dogs upon examination showed deep fractures at the lower part of the hair shaft. The fractures extended through the whole thickness of the cuticular cells leading to splitting of the hair shaft. Secondary hairs showed excessive peeling of their cuticle cells causing distortion and deterioration of the cortex of the hair. Cuticular cells of large numbers of hairs lost their apical parts and some of them were deformed due to partial dissolution attributed to the intensive use of the hair dye. The intensive usage of the hair dye on the compound type of hair coat of the dog caused damage to the hair shafts and to the skin in the form of irritation, dryness and parakeratosis of the epidermis. Also, some of the dogs became restless and hyperactive during the later part of the experiment. 相似文献
The cuticular cells of the hair shafts of two dogs upon examination showed deep fractures at the lower part of the hair shaft. The fractures extended through the whole thickness of the cuticular cells leading to splitting of the hair shaft. Secondary hairs showed excessive peeling of their cuticle cells causing distortion and deterioration of the cortex of the hair. Cuticular cells of large numbers of hairs lost their apical parts and some of them were deformed due to partial dissolution attributed to the intensive use of the hair dye. The intensive usage of the hair dye on the compound type of hair coat of the dog caused damage to the hair shafts and to the skin in the form of irritation, dryness and parakeratosis of the epidermis. Also, some of the dogs became restless and hyperactive during the later part of the experiment. 相似文献
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[目的]家养水牛分沼泽型水牛和河流型水牛两大类型。沼泽型水牛是中国的主要牛种之一,其被毛主要为灰色和白色,而河流型水牛为黑色。本研究开展并统计了德宏水牛及其与河流型水牛杂交后代的被毛颜色以期探讨水牛的毛色遗传规律。[方法]统计了十几年来盈江县德宏水牛及其与河流型水牛(摩拉水牛和尼里—拉菲水牛)杂交后代的被毛颜色,经x2检验确定毛色的遗传规律。[结果]表明:沼泽型水牛白色与灰色交配的F1代全部为白色,F2代白色与灰色的比例为3∶1,白色对灰色完全显性;河流型水牛(黑色)与沼泽型纯合灰色交配,F1代全部为黑色,F2代黑色与灰色的比例为3∶1,黑色对灰色完全显性;河流型黑色与沼泽型白色交配,F1代表现型是两个亲本类型相对性状的综合,即棕褐色,F2代则出现了白色、棕褐色和黑色3种毛色,三者比例为1∶2∶1,白色对黑色为部分显性或不完全显性。[结论]因而推测沼泽型水牛白色与河流型黑色对灰色为完全显性,灰色为隐性纯合;沼泽型白色对河流型黑色为部分显性或不完全显性。 相似文献
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Cabergoline or bromocriptine were administered orally to 60 bitches at doses of 5 microg/kg and 15 microg/kg daily, respectively, for two to 45 days for the treatment of pseudopregnancy or for oestrus induction. Seven of the dogs which received cabergoline for more than 14 days developed coat colour changes from the second week of administration to the next coat shedding. Of these, fawn-coloured bitches developed a yellowish coat colour while Argentine boar hounds became black spotted, mainly on their extremities. In previous untreated oestrous periods, these bitches had shown no coat colour changes. It is concluded that a colour shift in certain haircoats of particular breeds could be mediated through the inhibition of the secretion of melanocyte-stimulating hormone by the administration of the dopaminergic agonist cabergoline for more than two weeks. Transient coat colour changes should be considered a possible side effect when planning long-term treatment with dopaminergic agonists in dogs. 相似文献