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BACKGROUND: Beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a major pest of numerous cultivated crops. Chlorantraniliprole, the first commercialised ryanodine receptor insecticide from the anthranilic diamide class, has exceptional insecticidal activity on a range of lepidopteran pests. The aim of this study was to assess the resistance of S. exigua to chlorantraniliprole in the laboratory. RESULTS: A field‐collected population of S. exigua was selected after repeated exposure to chlorantraniliprole to determine the risk of resistance evolution. After 22 generations of selection, there was a 12.0‐fold increase in LC50. The realised heritability (h2) of resistance was estimated as 0.1082 by using threshold trait analysis. The projected rate of resistance evolution indicated that, if h2 = 0.1082 and 70% of the population was killed at each generation, then a tenfold increase in LC50 would be expected in 21.7 generations for chlorantraniliprole. CONCLUSION: These results show that the risk of resistance development to chlorantraniliprole exists in S. exigua after continuous application. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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Gogi MD Sarfraz RM Dosdall LM Arif MJ Keddie AB Ashfaq M 《Pest management science》2006,62(10):982-990
Field efficacies of two insect growth regulators (IGRs) at two recommended application rates, buprofezin at 370 and 555 g AI ha(-1) and lufenuron at 37 and 49 g AI ha(-1), were determined against the sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), and the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), in experimental plots of cotton at the Directorate of Cotton Research, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Adverse effects of the IGRs on populations of associated arthropod predators, namely geocorids, chrysopids, coccinellids, formicids and arachnids, were also assessed. Both IGRs significantly reduced populations of B. tabaci at each application rate 24, 48 and 72 h after treatment, and higher doses were more effective than lower doses. Buprofezin was not effective against H. armigera at any tested dose for any time of treatment in any spray. Lufenuron applied at 37 and 49 g AI ha(-1) effectively suppressed H. armigera populations, resulting in significant reductions in crop damage. At lower doses, both IGRs appeared safe to predator populations, which did not differ significantly in IGR-treated versus untreated control plots. Population densities of formicids and coccinellids were significantly lower at high concentrations of both IGRs in treatment plots, possibly as a result of reduced prey availability. The potential role of buprofezin and lufenuron for control of B. tabaci and H. armigera in a spray programme and the likelihood of direct toxic effects of IGRs on predatory fauna of cotton are discussed. 相似文献
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Cherif Asma Aissani Rania Aroua Oumayma Bouhadida-Mhadhbi Manel Grissa-Lebdi Kaouthar 《植物病害和植物保护杂志》2020,127(6):905-909
Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - Gortyna xanthenes (Germar) and Depressaria erinaceella (Staudinger) are key pests of artichoke in Tunisia causing major losses. To this end, a 2-year... 相似文献
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Emmanuel Pajot Daniel Le Corre D. Silué 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2001,107(9):861-869
Downy mildew of lettuce (Bremia lactucae) is a serious disease. An alternative to chemicals is the application of disease resistance inducers. The aim of this study was to test whether DL--amino butyric acid (BABA) and Phytogard® (K2HPO3) could induce resistance in downy mildew susceptible plants. Aqueous solutions of BABA (0, 10, 20, 30, 50, 80, 100mM) and Phytogard® (0.0, 5.8, 29.0, 40.6, 58.0 and 87.0ppm) were sprayed on seven-day-old seedlings 0, 3, 7 and 15 days before or 1–3 days after inoculation with B. lactucae. Results obtained showed that Phytogard®- and BABA-induced resistance was dose-dependent. At 40.6ppm for Phytogard® and 10mM for BABA, complete protection was obtained. Both compounds had a curative effect and the induced resistance lasted for at least 15 days. It was also shown that both compounds induced systemic resistance in lettuce against downy mildew. Phytogard® at 40.6ppm completely inhibited spore germination while BABA at 20mM did not. Pathogenesis related (PR) protein analysis showed that BABA induced weak accumulation of PR-2, but not PR-1, PR-5 and PR-9. Phytogard® induced none of these proteins. The use of these two compounds to protect lettuce from B. lactucae is discussed. 相似文献
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Pyrethroid resistance in field populations of Australian Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) is primarily a consequence of the overproduction of esterase isoenzymes which metabolise and sequester pyrethroid insecticides. Biochemical studies have shown that pyrethroid-resistance-associated esterases in H armigera are inhibited by the insecticide synergist piperonyl butoxide (PBO). Esterase inhibition by PBO did not occur immediately after dosing, but exhibited maximum inhibition 3-4 h after dosage. Esterase activity subsequently recovered until full activity was restored by 24 h. Topical bioassays using a pre-treatment of PBO showed that maximum H armigera mortality was achieved with pre-treatment times corresponding to maximum esterase inhibition. These results demonstrated that, with correct temporal application, PBO can restore pyrethroid efficacy against H armigera. It would also be expected that restoration of efficacy with other conventional insecticides, currently compromised by esterase-based resistance mechanisms, would occur. 相似文献
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D. K. Cronshaw 《国际虫害防治杂志》2013,59(2):136-146
Abstract The rugged terrain and large number of smallholdings are important factors in the control of yellow Sigatoka (Mycosphaerella musicola Mulder) in the Windward Islands. A network of reference points has been established in each island where the disease level is monitored by the simple method of Stover and Dickson (1970) and a new method that assesses early infections on the young leaves. This information is used to decide spray applications. The use of Piche evaporimeter data to forecast spray applications has been investigated and is considered useful. Several fungicides have been tested and tridemorph, biloxazol and imazalil found to give satisfactory control with a view to introducing a rotation programme to avoid the continued sole use of benzimidazole formulations and possible occurrence of tolerance. 相似文献
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Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - The brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål), is a pest of many annual and perennial agricultural products. The species is native to... 相似文献
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We herewith report for the first time the discovery in Israel of the invasive species Corythauma ayyari (Drake), a member of the lace-bug family, Tingidae (Hemiptera). 相似文献
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During the years 2008 to 2010 beetles of the genus Agriotes were monitored by means of pheromone traps in Rhineland-Palatinate. Each trap contained the female sexual pheromone of either Agriotes obscurus, A. sordidus, A. lineatus, A. sputator, or A. ustulatus. Beetles of these species could be caught, additionally also specimens of the species A. gallicus, A. acuminatus, and A. pilosellus. Specimens of A. brevis and A. proximus could not be caught, not even in traps with pheromones according to their species. The high frequency of A. sputator in the Upper Rhine Valley and mild river valleys was surprising. This might be an explanation for the increasing damages especially in potatoes during the past seven years. Also the species A. ustulatus occurred mainly in the Rhine Valley. The species A. obscurus was found predominantly in higher altitudes, A. lineatus and A. sputator appeared in the whole area, with varying frequencies. In all, we could determine the composition of Agriotes-species in 27 fields. In two fields traps were exposed in two subsequent years, in one field in three years. The changes in the populations are shown. The beetles collected in some fields were compared with the according wireworms. 相似文献
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Cherif Asma Aissani Rania Aroua Oumayma Bouhadida-Mhadhbi Manel Grissa-Lebdi Kaouthar 《植物病害和植物保护杂志》2020,127(6):911-911
Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - The names of the varieties cultivated in the two study regions were given wrongly in the Materials and Methods section. The correct names are as follows. 相似文献
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Selection experiments for resistance to transgenic Bt cotton expressing Cry1Ac toxin in Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) were conducted using a leaf-feeding method with 42 selection episodes over 45 generations. The cotton bollworm developed resistance to transgenic Bt cotton after 12 generations (F12) of selection. The survival rate of F12 neonates feeding on leaves of seedling stage for 4 days and boll-opening stage for 5 days of R19 line were ca 34 and 72%, respectively, compared with ca 0 and 40% for a non-selected sister strain (NYCS), but lower than or similar to that of F12 feeding on leaves of non-Bt cotton, Sumian 12 (ca 87 or 76%). Resistance to B thuringiensis HD-1 Dipel in neonates (F12) was ca 6-fold. After 42 generations of selection, the strain developed a very high level of resistance to Cry1Ac protoxin, 210 g kg(-1) MVPII wettable powder and 200 g litre(-1) MVPII liquid formulation, the resistance ratios being 1680-, 1780- and ca 1200-fold, respectively, compared with a laboratory susceptible strain (HZS). When compared with the non-selected NYCS, the resistance ratios to the above toxins were ca 540-, 580- and 510-fold, respectively, but to Dipel only ca 16-fold. The results indicated that it is very important to develop and implement effective resistance-management strategies and to detect early resistance to Bt cotton in field populations. 相似文献
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A. M. Hammouda 《国际虫害防治杂志》2013,59(4):382-383
Abstract Cigar‐end disease of banana, Verticillium theobromae has become apparent in the southern region of Oman, and is prevalent under warm and humid conditions. Benomyl and thiabendazole were found to effectively control V. theobromae in artificially induced cigar‐end disease. 相似文献
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BACKGROUND: The cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), is one of the most serious insect pests of cotton. It has developed resistance to almost all groups of chemical insecticides because of their intensive use. The failure of insecticides to control H. armigera has been a strong incentive for the adoption of transgenic cotton (Bt cotton). However, the value of Bt could be diminished by widespread resistance development to Bt toxins in insect populations. Therefore, understanding the genetic basis of resistance is essential for developing and implementing strategies to delay and monitor resistance. RESULTS: A resistant strain designated as BM‐R was obtained from the cross of adults from Bathinda () and Muktsar (), Punjab, India, which showed the highest survival (60.68%) and LC50 value (1.396 µg mL?1 diet). Similarly, a laboratory‐maintained strain from Hoshiarpur, Punjab, showed maximum susceptibility to Cry1Ac toxin with the lowest LC50 value (0.087 µg mL?1), and was designated as HP‐S. The genetic purity of both strains was confirmed by RAPD profile analysis at each generation, and genetic similarity reached more than 90% after the third generation. Continuous maintenance of the resistant BM‐R strain on Cry1Ac resulted in an increase in LC50 from 0.531 µg mL?1 in F0 to 4.28 µg mL?1 in F14 and 7.493 µg mL?1 in F19, while the LC50 values for HP‐S larvae on diet without Cry1Ac increased to 0.106 and 0.104 µg mL?1, which lay within the fiducial limits of the baseline LC50 value. The mode of inheritance of resistance was elucidated through bioassay response of resistant, susceptible heterozygotes and backcross progeny to Cry1Ac incorporated in semi‐synthetic diet. CONCLUSION: Based on dominance, degree of dominance and backcross values, resistance was inferred to be polygenic, autosomal and inherited as a recessive trait. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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为适应国内生物防治工作的需要,自1977年以来,由中国科学技术情报研究所重庆分所编辑,科学技术文献出版社重庆分社出版了《生物防治》文集,至今已出版了四集,基本上每年一本。本书的特点之一是内容比较广泛。四集共有文章67篇,除有关生物防治的进展、动 相似文献
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植物植物的部分来自何地对策}禁人的原因和准许的条件第十七节观赏树木 Baeeharis叩P.,B肠,a,n饱:pp.鸳鸯茉莉属,多花决明,夜香树属,倒挂金钟属,球兰属,L盯eud公aspp.,半边莲属,拘祀属,露兜树属,萝属,Rosemari-nus spp.,Salpichroa SPP·,鼠尾草属,接骨木属,Str-eptosolen spp.,山牵牛属,锦葵科(除棉属)无性繁殖材料荷兰申请许可证准许的条件:〔a)检疫证书,(b)附加申明:(i)植株或其母株在生长过程中检查无蕃茄斑点凋鉴病毒或其他病毒病。(五)产地国无梨园介壳虫,(Quadra印主diotus件rnieiosus)(151)如有根则是在无菌培养基中繁殖生长的… 相似文献
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BACKGROUND: In recent years, outbreaks of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), have occurred more frequently in China. The objective of this study was to determine the susceptibility of N. lugens to neonicotinoids and other insecticides in major rice production areas in China. RESULTS: Results indicated that substantial variations in the susceptibility to different insecticides existed in N. lugens. Field populations had developed variable resistance levels to neonicotinoids, with a high resistance level to imidacloprid (RR: 135.3–301.3‐fold), a medium resistance level to imidaclothiz (RR: 35–41.2‐fold), a low resistance level to thiamethoxam (up to 9.9‐fold) and no resistance to dinotefuran, nitenpyram and thiacloprid (RR < 3‐fold). Further examinations indicated that a field population had developed medium resistance level to fipronil (up to 10.5‐fold), and some field populations had evolved a low resistance level to buprofezin. In addition, N. lugens had been able to develop 1424‐fold resistance to imidacloprid in the laboratory after the insect was selected with imidacloprid for 26 generations. CONCLUSION: Long‐term use of imidacloprid in a wide range of rice‐growing areas might be associated with high levels of resistance in N. lugens. Therefore, insecticide resistance management strategies must be developed to prevent further increase in resistance. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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The changes in the susceptibility of the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) to three insecticides (lambda-cyhalothrin, phoxim and endosulfan) commonly used for control of this pest in China were monitored by bioassays at various generations. The insects were originally collected from Bt cotton fields and selected with Cry1Ac over 44 generations. In comparison with a susceptible strain, the larval resistance of the Bt-selected populations to Cry1Ac toxin increased 106-fold. Simultaneously, the resistance levels to lambda-cyhalothrin, phoxim and endosulfan declined dramatically. The results indicated no positive cross-resistance between Cry1Ac toxin and the insecticides. Evidence of the lack of cross-resistance to three commonly used synthetic insecticides in our laboratory-derived Cry1Ac-resistant population may suggest that growers can confidently use these insecticides if and when resistance to Cry1Ac cotton does occur. 相似文献