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1.
全面梳理溪流大型底栖无脊椎动物群落的研究热点和演化路径,以期为溪流生态系统研究提供有价值的参考及对未来研究方向的启示。以Web of Science核心合集数据库中2009-2018年的2416篇文献为原始数据,基于文献计量学分析方法,探索溪流大型底栖无脊椎动物群落研究热点,归纳研究主题。研究发现:(1)溪流大型底栖无脊椎动物群落研究的论文数量总体上呈上升趋势,主要研究力量来自美国;(2)土地利用、水质和生物多样性等为溪流大型底栖无脊椎动物群落主要研究热点;(3)近10年来溪流大型底栖无脊椎动物群落研究主题为以下6大类:以水质为代表的环境因子与大型底栖无脊椎动物群落关系研究、以比较分析为手段的β生物多样性研究、多重环境压力对大型底栖无脊椎动物群落的影响研究、大型底栖无脊椎动物群落长期响应研究、季节性河流研究和大型底栖无脊椎动物群落生物特征研究等。 相似文献
2.
为研究西津河港口湾水库对下游大型底栖动物群落结构的影响,分别在水库上下游的兵坑口桥、港口湾水文站点、宁国老水文站和西津大桥4个站点进行底栖动物采样调查及鉴定,共采集大型底栖无脊椎动物22315个;应用底栖动物物种组成和功能摄食类群等参数来衡量水库对河流底栖动物群落结构的影响,并结合河流生境的变化对底栖动物群落结构做了简单分析。结果表明,坝上游底质以鹅卵石（54.46%）和砾石（43.56%）为主,坝下组以鹅卵石、砾石和大石块为主,且坝上下游水体各理化指标均出现波动但并不显著;下游距离大坝1 km处的港口湾水文站点物种丰富度和EPT分类单元数显著降低（P=0.016, P=0.003）,滤食者比例显著升高（P=0.011）,刮食者和捕食者比例显著下降(P=0.011, P=0.013);而多度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson优势度指数和Pielou均匀度指数等群落参数在各样点间无显著差异;群落结构相似性分析也表明,港口湾水文站点群落结构与其他样点存在显著差异。本次研究成果可为水利工程对生态系统影响的评价及生态恢复等提供参考。 相似文献
3.
为了研究济南地区小清河流域内底栖动物群落结构分布特征,于2015年春季(5月)对小清河流域13个样点的底栖动物群落结构和水环境理化因子特征进行了野外调查,分析流域内底栖动物功能摄食类群组成和空间结构特征,采用典范对应分析法分析底栖动物群结构特征、分布范围及其与环境因子的关系。结果表明:春季采集到底栖动物23种,密度平均值为1.19×10~3 ind·m~(-2),香农威纳指数平均值为1.14,均匀度指数平均值为0.65。依据食性将底栖动物划分为刮食者、撕食者、收集者、滤食者和捕食者,其中刮食者占绝对优势。典范对应分析表明,春季影响小清河流域底栖动物功能摄食类群的主要环境因子是总磷和总氮。综合分析,得出结论:小清河流域水体污染较为严重,水体呈中度污染。 相似文献
4.
通过探究黄河源区典型弯曲河流河岸带不同水体(干流、支流和牛轭湖)的底栖动物生态格局,可为黄河生态保护提供基础数据。于2012年7月和2013年6月对兰木错曲12个样点的底栖动物进行采样,同时对样点环境参数进行调查监测,对河流水质、底栖动物组成、多样性及其格局进行分析。结果表明,研究河段基本处于自然状态,水质为I-III类。调查期间共采集底栖动物23科、36属、39种;以水生昆虫为主,占物种总数的76.9%;其次为寡毛纲、腹足纲、甲壳纲,分别占5.1%;线虫纲、双壳纲和蛛形纲最少,仅各占2.6%。除趋势对应分析(DCA)表明,干流、支流和牛轭湖的底栖动物群落存在差异,水文连通性是引起这种差异的主要原因,对群落变化的解释率为37.0%。干流、支流和牛轭湖的底栖动物多样性也存在差异,干流的底栖动物多样性最高,其次是支流和牛轭湖。昆虫纲是干流和牛轭湖中的主要类群,密度组成分别大于53%和85%,甲壳纲是支流中的主要类群,密度组成大于70%;干流的底栖动物功能摄食类群组成最均匀,其中撕食者、直接收集者和刮食者占优势,其密度之和超过90%,支流和牛轭湖的均匀性相对较差,支流中直接收集者的密度比例最大,超过78%,牛轭湖中撕食者的密度比例最大,超过82%。 相似文献
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《水生态学杂志》2016,(5)
为研究西津河港口湾水库对下游大型底栖动物群落结构的影响,分别在水库上下游的兵坑口桥、港口湾水文站点、宁国老水文站和西津大桥4个站点进行底栖动物采样调查及鉴定,共采集大型底栖无脊椎动物22 315个;应用底栖动物物种组成和功能摄食类群等参数来衡量水库对河流底栖动物群落结构的影响,并结合河流生境的变化对底栖动物群落结构做了简单分析。结果表明,坝上游底质以鹅卵石(54.46%)和砾石(43.56%)为主,坝下组以鹅卵石、砾石和大石块为主,且坝上下游水体各理化指标均出现波动但并不显著;下游距离大坝1 km处的港口湾水文站点物种丰富度和EPT分类单元数显著降低(P=0.016,P=0.003),滤食者比例显著升高(P=0.011),刮食者和捕食者比例显著下降(P=0.011,P=0.013);而多度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson优势度指数和Pielou均匀度指数等群落参数在各样点间无显著差异;群落结构相似性分析也表明,港口湾水文站点群落结构与其他样点存在显著差异。研究成果可为水利工程对生态系统影响的评价及生态恢复提供参考。 相似文献
6.
于2016年8月(丰水期)、11月(平水期)和2017年2月(枯水期)对藻渡河流域大型底栖动物群落结构和功能摄食类群进行了调查研究。结果显示:共采集大型底栖动物34种(属),隶属4门14目27科,扁蜉(Heptagenia sp.)、二尾蜉(siph1onurus sp.)、二翼蜉(Cloeon dipterum)、泉膀胱螺(Physa fontinalis)和狭萝卜螺(Radix lagotis)为该地区的优势类群。不同季节Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou丰富度指数和Marglef均匀度差异显著,且枯水期>平水期>丰水期。CCA分析显示丰水期水温、透明度和海拔等是影响藻渡河大型底栖动物空间分布的主要因素。该流域大型底栖动物功能摄食群落以捕食者和刮食者为其优势功能类群,其次是撕食者、收集者和滤食者。 相似文献
7.
于2014年夏季(8月)对济南中南部地区17个采样点的底栖动物功能摄食类群和环境因子特征进行了调查,结果表明:夏季采集到底栖动物31种,以毛翅目和基眼目为主,各点位物种平均值为0.66×103 ind·m-2,香农威纳指数平均值为1.55,均匀度指数平均值为0.69。依据食性将底栖动物划分为刮食者、滤食者、撕食者、收集者和捕食者5种功能摄食类群,代表性类群为刮食者和收集者。典范对应分析表明,影响底栖动物功能摄食类群的主要环境因子是总氮、电导率和溶解氧。 相似文献
8.
2011年8月,对海浪河大型底栖动物群落结构进行了调查研究。本次调查共采集到了大型底栖动物14目31科56种,其中水生昆虫43种,分属7目21科,占总数75.44%。海浪河特有鱼类国家级水产种质资源保护区境内大型底栖动物共计13目30科51种,依群落数量看,蜉蝣目、毛翅目、双翅目为优势类群。海浪河大型底栖动物平均密度为180.19 ind.m-2、生物量为3.20 g.m-2。在各功能摄食生态类群中,捕食者最多,为25种,收集者15种,撕食者10种,刮食者6种。角锥毛石蚕(Brachycentinao)、泥苞虫(Setodes)、小划蝽(Siga substraia-ta)、Epeorus uenoi和Stenpsyche griseipennis是目前海浪河大型底栖动物的优势种。采用Shannon-Weiner生物指数、BI生物指数和Simposon生物指数对海浪河水质评价表明,各生物指数水质评价结果相似,洁净度排序趋势基本一致,均表明海浪河特有鱼类水产种质资源保护区境内水质比较清洁。 相似文献
9.
太湖流域城市湖泊富营养化问题严重,研究不同营养水平城市湖泊底栖动物群落的差异及成因,可为丰富底栖动物生态学研究和城市湖泊生态系统恢复提供参考。本研究于2018年12月、2019年3月、6月、9月在太湖流域15个城市湖泊开展了四个季度的调查,结果显示,重度、中度、轻度富营养和中营养水体分别占10.03%、36.89%、42.07%和11.00%。随水体营养下降,透明度显著上升,浊度、总磷和叶绿素a浓度显著下降,大型底栖动物总生物量、蚌类密度和生物量上升,寡毛类密度和生物量下降。在重度富营养水体中,底栖动物总生物量显著小于其他类型水体（P<0.01）;在轻度富营养和中营养水体中,蚌类密度和生物量显著大于重度和中度富营养水体（P<0.01）,寡毛类密度则显著小于重度和中度富营养水体（P<0.01）。Shannon-Wiener、Simpson和Pielou指数随水体营养水平下降,先上升再下降,在轻度富营养水体中最高。结构方程模型分析发现,在轻度富营养和中营养湖泊中,水温、总磷和叶绿素a浓度是影响底栖动物群落的关键环境因子。总磷浓度升高会显著促进软体动物增长（P<0.01）,对螺、蚌的路径系数分别高达0.414和0.440。总磷浓度与水温上升都能显著促进多毛类种群增长（P<0.01）,抑制水生昆虫种群（P<0.01）,路径系数分别为0.376和-0.423。本研究认为,城市湖泊水体中总磷和叶绿素a浓度对大型底栖动物群落结构有重要影响,对磷和藻类的控制,对城市湖泊底栖动物群落恢复和水生态系统修复有重要参考价值。 相似文献
10.
全球溪流生态系统受人类活动的影响日益加剧，其健康受到了严重威胁。寻找一种综合简便的健康评价的指示物对溪流生态系统的健康评价、保护和管理至关重要。脂肪酸是参与生物体营养物质代谢的重要小分子化合物，是主要能量物质之一。生态系统中脂肪酸的可获得性因初级生产者不同而存在差异，部分脂肪酸在营养级之间的迁移转化具有很好的保守性，并且生物体脂肪酸组成与含量对环境变化的响应敏感，使得其在河流健康评价中有着潜在的应用前景。本文首先介绍了脂肪酸的命名规则、分类方式、合成途径及重要生理功能；其次，详细描述了溪流生态系统中底栖藻类、浮游生物、大型底栖无脊椎动物和鱼类等脂肪酸样品的采集、预处理及测定方法；归纳了这几种生物类群中脂肪酸组成及含量对外界各环境因素变化的响应；最后，总结了以初级生产者中的脂肪酸组成作为生态系统健康评价生物指示物的可行性，简析了应用消费者中的脂肪酸来指示生态健康变化较少的原因，提出了以生产者（藻类）脂肪酸评价溪流生态健康的方法体系及发展方向。 相似文献
11.
C. W. Hargrave 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2009,18(1):24-32
Abstract – Biodiversity is declining across aquatic ecosystems because of biological invasions and species extinctions. Because fishes have pervasive effects on ecosystems through species-specific food web interactions, alterations to species and functional richness, and composition of natural assemblages could have negative effects on aquatic ecosystem function. In this study, I tested the effects of fish species and functional richness, and assemblage composition on primary production (PPR), benthic invertebrate density, and benthic particulate organic matter (BPOM) in a 42-day experiment in artificial stream mesocosms. I found that fish species richness and assemblage composition were important predictors of PPR in stream mesocosms. However, the effect of species richness on PPR increased with time, suggesting that richness-related effects might strengthen as the magnitude of community-level interactions increases in ecosystems. There was no effect of fish species or functional richness or assemblage composition on benthic invertebrate densities or BPOM. These data provide additional support that fishes can be important regulators of ecosystem function in aquatic systems, and suggest that positive effects of fishes on ecosystems can be strengthened by increased species richness and composition of the assemblage. This study broadens the applicability of the biodiversity ecosystem-function literature to a new suite of taxa, supporting the overall hypothesis that ecosystem functions and services are likely to decline in response to species extinctions. 相似文献
12.
Kari-Matti Vuori Ilona Joensuu Jyrki Latvala Eero Jutila Anssi Ahvonen 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》1998,8(6):745-759
1. Forest drainage, including mainly ditching of waterlogged peatlands in order to increase wood growth, has caused substantial changes in the hydrology and water quality of Finnish streams. However, knowledge on the ecological impact of these changes is poor. This paper studies the potential impact of forest drainage, catchment characteristics and habitat factors on the water quality and benthic macroinvertebrates in headwater streams of the River Isojoki, western Finland. An intensive programme of water sampling was carried out at nine study sites, while zoobenthic samples covered a total of 18 streams. 2. According to multivariate regression models concentrations of aluminium and suspended solids in stream water at nine study sites increased significantly with increasing forest drainage of the catchment area. Further, drainage intensity contributed significantly to the decrease in minimum values of alkalinity. 3. In a Canonical Correspondence Analysis, the variation in macroinvertebrate species distribution and abundance was largely explained by drainage intensity, moss coverage and the concentrations of aluminium and iron in stream water. A significant positive correlation was established between the species richness of benthic macroinvertebrates and the proportional cover of vegetation on the stream bed, whereas a significant negative correlation was found between species richness and sand cover. 4. The results suggest that drainage has significantly contributed to the deterioration of water quality and habitat structure, and impoverishment of benthic communities in the headwater streams of the River Isojoki. In order to protect the ecological integrity of such boreal headwater streams, more effective protection schemes in forestry practices and rehabilitation of the adversely affected streams and their catchment areas are needed. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
13.
1. Ten south Swedish streams were selected to represent two distinct types—natural woodland streams and channelized streams. Measurements were made on leaching, decomposition and microbial respiration of the dominant riparian vegetation (European Black Alder), structure of the benthic macroinvertebrate community, macroinvertebrates inhabiting leaf material, channel morphometry, macrophyte composition, water chemistry and total accumulated degree days. 2. Leaf decomposition rates were not significantly different when channelized streams were compared with natural woodland streams. In channelized streams the average decomposition rate was −0.0556±0.0337 (±S.D.) day−1 compared with −0.0457±0.0115 day−1 in natural woodland streams. 3. There was significantly higher variation in leaf decomposition among the five channelized streams compared with the five natural streams (F–test, p<0.05). This was mainly due to extremely high decomposition rates in channelized streams colonized by emergent macrophytes. 4. Alder decomposition rates were low in channelized streams without macrophytes (−0.0053 °day−1), intermediate in natural streams (−0.0087 °day−1), and high in channelized streams with macrophytes (−0.0136 °day−1). 5. The shredder functional group ranged from 13 to 70% of the benthic community in the natural streams. Channelized streams had a more variable shredder population ranging from 0.5 to 80%. The highest values were found in channelized streams that had become colonized by macrophytes. 6. There was a significant difference in total accumulated degree days between the channelized (256 °day) and natural woodland streams (209 °day). This is most likely an effect of drainage tiles contributing warmer groundwater to the channelized streams during fall. 7. It is concluded that, contrary to the prevailing conceptual model of stream systems, decomposition rates and macroinvertebrate functions are not necessarily reduced in streams without riparian vegetation. The loss of the riparian canopy can stimulate emergent macrophytes which will provide autochthonous detritus for benthic communities. This will change benthic community structure and the life cycle strategies present. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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15.
Jose Luis Poveda-Cuellar Edwin Orlando Lpez Delgado Pamela Tatiana Zúiga-Upegui Francisco Antonio Villa Navarro 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2022,31(1):87-101
Understanding the mechanisms that structure communities have been a major challenge in ecological theory. Functional trait-based approaches are increasingly used for studying the processes underlying community assembly. However, species-poor systems of Andean streams these processes are largely unknown. Tropical Andean streams are highly variable in space-time and characterised by the harsh or stable environment, resulting in a high taxonomic and ecological diversity. In this study, we tested the influence of environmental variables on the fish functional structure. We proposed that in ecosystems with harsh environments, environmental filtering will structure fish assemblages, and in ecosystems with a more stable environment, limiting similarity will prevail, increasing functional diversity. We analysed fish assemblages using functional diversity indices, fourth-corner RLQ analyses and multiple regression models. Environmental variables such as altitude, stream width, sub-Andean vegetation and pH influenced functional diversity. For instance, high values of functional redundancy were registered at high elevation streams, reflecting fish assemblages composed of highly dominant species with similar functional traits such as species of the genus Astroblepus. However, we found differences between Astroblepus species in the number and distance of gill rakers which might indicate resource partitioning and coexistence. On the other hand, our results show both stochastic dynamics and environmental filtering are structuring fish assemblages in low and high elevation Andean streams respectively. 相似文献
16.
Karen E. van de Wolfshaar P. Daniël van Denderen Tim Schellekens Tobias van Kooten 《Fish and Fisheries》2020,21(5):962-972
Bottom trawl fisheries have significant effects on benthic habitats and communities, and these effects have been studied intensively in the last decades. Most of these studies have related the changes in benthic community composition to direct effect of trawl gears on benthos, through imposed mortality. This line of argumentation ignores the fact that benthic organisms themselves form a complex food web and that bottom trawling may trigger secondary effects through this food web. We studied the potential consequences of such food web effects using a model of benthic predators, filter feeders, deposit feeders and fish. Our analysis shows how inclusion of ecological interactions complicates the relationship between bottom trawling intensity and the state of the benthic community and causes a non‐linear and non‐monotonic response of the benthic community to trawling. This shows that indirect food web effects can fundamentally alter the response of a benthic ecosystem to bottom trawling, compared to the direct effects of mortality. In light of our results, we argue that indicators of fishing impact on benthos need to account for positive as well as negative effects of bottom trawling, in order to accurately quantify the impact. Our findings highlight that understanding the food web ecology of the benthic ecosystem is crucial for understanding and predicting the effects of trawling on the seafloor. Work that promotes such understanding of the food web ecology seems a more productive research strategy than conducting ever more empirical trawling effect measurements. 相似文献
17.
Tyler D Eddy Heike K Lotze Elizabeth A Fulton Marta Coll Cameron H Ainsworth Júlio Neves de Araújo Catherine M Bulman Alida Bundy Villy Christensen John C Field Neil A Gribble Mejs Hasan Steve Mackinson Howard Townsend 《Fish and Fisheries》2017,18(1):40-53
Since the 1950s, invertebrate fisheries catches have rapidly expanded globally to more than 10 million tonnes annually, with twice as many target species, and are now significant contributors to global seafood provision, export, trade and local livelihoods. Invertebrates play important and diverse functional roles in marine ecosystems, yet the ecosystem effects of their exploitation are poorly understood. Using 12 ecosystem models distributed worldwide, we analysed the trade‐offs of various invertebrate fisheries and their ecosystem effects as well as ecological indicators. Although less recognized for their contributions to marine food webs, our results show that the magnitude of trophic impacts of invertebrates on other species of commercial and conservation interest is comparable with those of forage fish. Generally, cephalopods showed the strongest ecosystem effects and were characterized by a strong top‐down predatory role. Lobster, and to a lesser extent, crabs, shrimp and prawns, also showed strong ecosystem effects, but at lower trophic levels. Benthic invertebrates, including epifauna and infauna, also showed considerable ecosystem effects, but with strong bottom‐up characteristics. In contrast, urchins, bivalves, and gastropods showed generally lower ecosystem effects in our simulations. Invertebrates also strongly contributed to benthic–pelagic coupling, with exploitation of benthic invertebrates impacting pelagic fishes and vice versa. Finally, on average, invertebrates produced maximum sustainable yield at lower levels of depletion (~45%) than forage fish (~65%), highlighting the need for management targets that avoid negative consequences for target species and marine ecosystems as a whole. 相似文献
18.
David M. Hannah Lee E. Brown Alexander M. Milner Angela M. Gurnell Glenn R. McGregor Geoff E. Petts Barnaby P.G. Smith Deborah L. Snook 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2007,17(6):636-656
- 1. High climatic sensitivity and lack of significant human impact make alpine river basins important environments for examining hydrological and ecological response to global change.
- 2. This paper is based upon previous and ongoing research within a glacierized, alpine river system (Taillon‐Gabiétous basin, French Pyrenees), which adopts an interdisciplinary approach to investigate the climate–hydrology–ecology cascade. Data are used to advance hypotheses concerning impacts of climate change/variability upon alpine river system hydrology and ecology.
- 3. The snowpacks and glaciers that are the source of Pyrenean streams are climatically sensitive, with glaciers in retreat for most of the historical period. Given anticipated changes in summer air‐mass frequencies, the volume of meltwater may decrease, the nature and rate of glacier drainage may alter, and the timing of peak snow‐ and ice‐melt may shift. However, rainfall‐runoff and groundwater may increase their relative contributions to stream flow.
- 4. The influence of changing water source contributions on physico‐chemical habitat and, in turn, on benthic communities is assessed using an alternative alpine stream classification. This model predicts more rapid downstream change in benthic communities in the future as meltwater contributions decline and, at the basin‐scale, biodiversity may be reduced owing to less spatio‐temporal heterogeneity in water sources contributions and, thus, physico‐chemical habitat. However, predictions are complicated by potential changes in biotic interactions with altered species' distributions.
- 5. Integrated, long‐term research into the climate–hydrology–ecology cascade in other alpine river basins is vital because interdisciplinary science is fundamental to predicting stream hydrology and ecology under scenarios of future climate/variability, to assessing the utility of alpine river systems as indicators of global change, and to developing conservation strategies for these fragile ecosystems.
19.
The independent effects of in‐stream structure (ISS) and fish foraging on stream properties have been well documented, but few studies have explored the interactive effects of ISS and fishes on streams. Herein, we tested the independent and interactive effects of ISS and a generalist fish (Blacktail shiner, Cyprinella venusta) on suspended organic matter (SOM), benthic algae, invertebrate density and fish growth using experimental mesocosms. We found that Blacktail shiner foraging affected all of the ecosystem properties; however, in some cases, the fish effects differed between mesocosms with and without ISS. Specifically, mesocosms with ISS provided greater surface area for invertebrate colonisation and enhanced food resources for Blacktail shiner. As a result, benthic foraging by Blacktail shiner was reduced in these mesocosms. The reduced benthic foraging in turn enhanced benthic algae and benthic invertebrates via a bottom‐up, nutrient excretion pathway. The ISS‐dependent effects of fish on these stream properties, however, were only evident at low and intermediate fish densities (1 and 2 fish·m?2 respectively). This was likely because at the highest fish density (4 fish·m?2) intense fish foraging overrode any mediating effects of ISS. Furthermore, fish growth decreased with fish density because of intraspecific competition, but this negative effect on growth was reduced in mesocosms with ISS because of the increased forage base. However, the positive effect on fish growth was weak and only marginally significant. Our data suggest that fish‐mediated effects on streams are context dependent, changing with microhabitat availability (e.g. ISS) and density of the fish population. 相似文献
20.
Abstract – Juvenile salmon density was related to invertebrate density in 13 streams within the River Tana, northern Norway. There were only small, nonsignificant, differences in benthic density between streams with and without juvenile salmon. All streams with a high density of juvenile salmon had low benthic densities at the stream mouth. Juvenile salmon were not found, or were in very low densities, in streams where the benthic density at the stream mouth was as high or higher than that in the stream. A multiple regression model showed that parr density was related negatively to benthic density at the stream mouth, water velocity and pH, and positively to benthic density within the stream and the proportion of the substratum covered by moss. The amount of overhanging cover in the different streams explained 93% of the variation in the drift density of terrestrial invertebrates in August. The highest densities of juvenile salmon were found in streams with riparian vegetation, and were thus associated with an abundant supply of drift food, especially terrestrial invertebrates. 相似文献