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1.
Doubled haploid (DH) plants were produced using anther culture from out‐crossing rye, including breeders’ lines, cultivars and F1 plants with DH parents, to examine the feasibility of using the DH technique for breeding and specifically for developing mapping populations. Only 10–36% of green regenerants produced via anther culture were suitable for research or breeding purposes because of low survival rate or low fertility. Spontaneously arising DH regenerants were more often fertile compared with the colchicine‐treated ones. The fertility of spontaneous DHs varied from sterile to half that found in a normal rye population, which has implications for the design of a crossing scheme and subsequent anther culture. In the reciprocal crosses within one DH population, fertility was the lowest observed, probably because of self‐incompatibility factors, whereas in the DH crosses with normal heterozygous cultivars fertility was the highest. Two mapping populations using DHs were established, the first for out‐crossing rye it would seem. These populations will be used for mapping two important traits, the semi‐dwarf growth habit and preharvest sprouting resistance in rye. 相似文献
2.
水稻极矮突变体s2-47对赤霉素的响应及基因定位研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过EMS诱变日本晴获得1个极端矮化突变体s2-47,其表型为极度矮化、叶色深绿、不能抽穗结实。对水稻胚乳的α-淀粉酶诱导实验表明s2-47突变体与GA的信号传导途径无关,外源活性GA3对水稻幼苗株高的促进实验显示s2-47应与赤霉素的生物合成有关。利用s2-47和Dular构建F2群体并精细定位表明,s2-47的表型与水稻OsCPS1基因紧密连锁,其编码的柯巴焦磷酸合成酶是赤霉素生物合成途径的第一个关键酶。序列分析发现,s2-47突变体的OsCPS1基因编码区发生了单个碱基缺失导致移码突变。OsCPS1基因在植株地上部都有表达,在节中表达最高。OsCPS1基因的表达受外源GA3抑制,但在s2-47突变体中表达上调。 相似文献
3.
De-wei Yang Xiang-hua Zheng Chao-ping Cheng Wen-da Wang Deng-hui Xing Li-bin Lu Chen-de Liu Ning Ye Mei-juan Zeng Xin-fu Ye 《Euphytica》2014,197(1):145-159
Dwarf mutants in plants are crucial for elucidating regulatory mechanisms for plant growth and development. Previous studies suggested that the heterotrimeric G-protein alpha subunit known as D1/RGA1 in rice was involved in deactivation function of the G protein. However, so far no partner has been analyzed the spatial structure change acting with D1. In this study, a dwarf mutant designated Mu101 was obtained in M2 population of rice indica cultivar M804 treated with 60Co γ-ray. Genetic analysis of Mu101 indicated that the dwarf phenotype was controlled by a single dwarf gene, and the dwarf mutant was insensitive to gibberellin (GA), which was named dwarf 89 (d89). Using a large F2 population derived from a cross between the d89 and a japonica rice variety, Taigeng16, the D89 gene was fine mapped into a 62.13 kb physical distance on chromosome 5, where eight open reading frames were predicted. Sequence analysis indicated that only one bp substitution (A-G) was found in LOC_Os05g26890 between M804 and the d89 mutant. The rice GA insensitive dwarf mutant DWARF1 gene was in this locus. The modeling analysis showed amino acid threonine to alanine mutation was likely to make the alpha helix short, and led to the G protein deactivation. 相似文献
4.
一个控制水稻叶色白化转绿及多分蘖矮杆性状基因hw-1(t)的鉴定 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
通过空间诱变从光身稻品种Francis的M2群体中发现一株叶色白化转绿、多分蘖矮秆突变体hfa-1。hfa-1在三叶期之前完全白化,随后转绿。白化转绿表型受生长发育和温度调控。亚细胞结构观察发现hfa-1叶绿体发育异常抑制叶绿素合成,造成光合效率降低,产生白化表型。hfa-1的多分蘖表型是由于高节位分蘖芽激活所致,初步鉴定与苗期叶片IAA (吲哚乙酸)含量无关。hfa-1的矮生性则由节间长度缩短所致,与苗期GA (赤霉素)的合成和信号传导无关。遗传分析表明hfa-1的白化转绿、多分蘖矮秆表型受单隐性核基因hw-1(t)控制。利用hfa-1与粳稻品种02428杂交获得的F2群体将hw-1(t)定位在水稻第4染色体长臂上两个InDel标记HW27和HW7间46.9 kb的物理距离内,该区域有13个阅读框架,其中LOC_Os04g57320编码IMMUTANTS蛋白,推测为hw-1(t)的候选基因。 相似文献
5.
Summary Expression of 17 rye traits in 24 bread wheat x rye and 8 durum wheat x rye crosses was studied, using a self-compatible, homozygous, dwarf rye. Rye showed epistasis for hairiness on the peduncle in all the crosses of Triticum aestivum and T. durum wheats with rye. Dark greenness of leaves of rye was expressed in all the durum wheat x rye and in some of the bread wheat x rye crosses. Similarly, absence of auricle pubescence, a rye trait, was expressed in most of the durum wheat x rye crosses but not in the bread wheat x rye crosses, indicating the presence of inhibitors for these traits frequently on the D genome and rarely on the A and/or B genome of wheat. Most of the wide hybrids resembled rye fully or partially for intense waxy bloom on the leaf-sheath and for the absence of basal underdeveloped spikelets. Similarly, most of the amphihaploids resembled rye for the anthocyanin in the coleoptile, stem and node. The presence of some inhibitors on A and/or B genome of wheat was indicated in some of the wheat genotypes for the expression of rye traits viz. intense waxy bloom, anthocyanin in node and absence of basal underdeveloped spikelets. Enhancement in the level of expression of the intensity and length of bristles on the mid-rib of the glume of the hybrids might be due to wheat-rye interaction. Less number of florets/spikelet as in rye showed variable expression in different wheat backgrounds. Some other rye traits like absence of auricles, terminal spikelet and glume-awn were not expressed in the wheat background. The expression of some of the rye genes might have been influenced by their interaction with Triticum cytoplasm and/or the environment. 相似文献
6.
To prevent lodging and sprouting damage in rye, a dominant dwarfing gene, Ddw1, has been incorporated into breeding lines to reduce plant height in Finland. However, the inability to identify heterozygous
plants makes it difficult to purify breeding lines. Doubled haploidy (EM-1 × Voima) and bulked segregant analysis were used
to search for an efficient PCR-based tool to identify homozygous short plants. In addition, SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism)
markers were created from the endosperm-specific β-amylase gene and the microsatellite locus REMS1218 expressed in rye and known to be located near Ddw1. The best marker was a combination of the microsatellite REMS1218 and the SNP created from it, located 13 cM from the QTL
corresponding to Ddw1. However, for a rye breeder, the SNP alone is an adequate tool to identify plants homozygous for the EM-1 allele and it can
be used in selection for the desirable growth habit in rye. 相似文献
7.
Characterizations and molecular mapping of a novel dominant semi-dwarf gene Sdd(t) in rice (Oryza sativa) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
By nitrogen ion implanting, we obtained a semi‐dwarf mutant from a japonica rice cultivar Y98148, designated as Y98149. The genetic analysis of Y98149 indicated that the semi‐dwarf phenotype was controlled by a single dominant gene, Sdd(t). We show that Y98149 reduced plant height mainly via inhibiting the first, second and third internode elongation. Based on this dwarfing pattern, the mutant could be grouped into dn‐type dwarf defined by Takeda [Gamma Field Symp. (1977) Vol. 16, PP. 1–18] . In addition, the Sdd(t) gene was sensitive to gibberellin (GA) based on the response to extraneous GA3 and the quantitative determination of endogenous GA1 and GA4. To map the Sdd(t) gene, we tested molecular markers by bulk segregant analysis. The Sdd(t) gene was localized to a 6.4 cM‐interval on the short arm of chromosome 6, flanked by two sequence‐tagged site markers S9 and S13. 相似文献
8.
水稻DUS测试标准品种之一丛矮2号(cl2)具有矮化多分蘖的表型特征,遗传分析表明该性状由1对隐性核基因控制,已将其定位在第4染色体长臂InDel标记C4-CL5和C4-CL4之间。对这两个标记之间一个已报道的多分蘖基因D17/HTD1进行测序,发现cl2中的D17/HTD1基因编码区第1 796个碱基由C突变为T,从而导致第599位的氨基酸由脯氨酸变成亮氨酸。同时对另一个来源于粳稻品种日本晴的矮化多分蘖突变体S1-40进行测序,发现D17/HTD1第3内含子3’端拼接点由AG突变为AA,导致mRNA产生2种错误的剪接形式。D17/HTD1编码类胡萝卜素裂解双加氧酶7 (Carotenoid Cleavage Dioxygenase7, CCD7),参与新型植物激素独脚金内酯(Strigolactones, SLs)的合成。利用SLs的人工合成类似物GR24处理cl2,其多分蘖表型得到抑制。系统进化树分析发现CCD7在几乎所有植物都有同源蛋白,水稻CCD7蛋白与同属禾本科的玉米、高粱和短柄草同源性最高。Real-time RT-PCR结果显示D17/HTD1基因在植物所有组织都有表达,尤以茎部最高。 相似文献
9.
10.
株高是影响水稻产量的一个重要性状。本研究从水稻稻瘟病普感品种丽江新团黑谷(LTH)经甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)诱变群体中分离出一个遗传稳定的小粒矮化突变体LTH-m3。该突变体是赤霉素(GA)和油菜素内酯(BR)相关突变体,它对外源GA(GA3)不敏感,对外源BR(eBL)的敏感性较野生型显著降低。遗传分析、基因克隆和转基因互补实验确认,该突变体是一个新的d1基因等位突变体,其D1基因在第6个外显子与内含子接合处发生单碱基突变(G2522 →A2522),导致第6外显子被选择性剪切及Gα蛋白翻译提前终止,从而造成LTH-m3小粒矮化突变表型。进一步的研究表明,该突变体D1基因突变引起SD1和SLR1等基因表达的显著改变,因而影响植株细胞内GA和BR反馈调节功能和信号传递。突变体LTH-m3弥补了LTH植株过高、茎秆软和极易倒伏等缺陷,可作为LTH的改良系在今后水稻稻瘟病研究中加以利用,其功能突变基因的鉴定为深入研究水稻Gα蛋白的功能及激素信号途径提供了新的材料。 相似文献
11.
通过EMS诱变日本晴获得了s2-9和s1-146a两个矮秆突变体,其植株矮小,成熟期株高分别为日本晴的26.3%和19.2%;苗期叶片较宽,叶色深绿;穗型仍为散穗但穗长变短,粒型未发生改变。对水稻胚乳的α-淀粉酶诱导实验表明,这两个矮秆突变体与GA的信号传导途径无关,外源活性GA3对水稻幼苗株高的促进实验显示它们应与赤霉素的生物合成有关。利用突变体与籼稻品种Dular分别杂交构建了F2群体,精细定位表明这2个突变体的表型与水稻Dwarf18 (D18)基因紧密连锁。序列分析发现这两个矮秆突变体的D18基因均发生了突变：在s2-9突变体中D18基因的内含子3'' 拼接点发生单碱基突变,s1-146a中D18基因编码区的单碱基突变导致提前终止密码子的出现。RT-PCR结果显示,在s1-146a中D18基因表达明显增强,但在s2-9中未检测到D18基因的表达。 相似文献
12.
Linkage between a major gene for powdery mildew resistance and an RFLP marker on chromosome 1R of rye 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
DNA samples from an F2 progeny which segregated for resistance to powdery mildew were bulked for resistant and susceptible individuals. In a segregant analysis, genomic rye probes which had been localized previously in a linkage map of rye were systematically screened for polymorphisms between these bulks. An RFLP marker located on linkage group 1RS was found to be tightly linked to a dominant mildew resistance gene. This is the first publication mapping a major gene for mildew resistance in rye. 相似文献
13.
14.
在水稻品种Dongjin的T-DNA插入突变体库中筛选到一份黄绿叶突变体T113,该突变体在生长的整个时期叶片都呈现黄绿色,且越到后期表型越明显。T113与野生型亲本Dongjin相比,叶片光合色素含量明显降低,株高变矮,结实率降低,每穗着粒数、穗长和千粒重均明显减少,抽穗期延迟,且黄绿叶性状不受温度影响,叶绿体中的类囊体排列较为疏松,出现更多的嗜锇体,叶绿素合成和质体发育相关基因表达量发生改变。遗传分析表明,T113的突变性状由1对隐性核基因控制。利用T113/N22的F2群体,将突变基因定位在第2染色体长臂Indel标记CX2和JX18之间,物理距离约为79 kb,此区间内包含12个预测基因。 相似文献
15.
水稻类病变突变体c5是由粳稻品种中花11种子经化学诱变剂EMS (甲基磺酸乙酯)诱变处理得到的。该突变体叶片在三叶期开始出现近似圆形褐色斑点，经DAB染色和台酚蓝染色显示这些斑点积累了过多的H2O2并引起程序性细胞死亡。与野生型相比，突变体c5的成熟期株高从110.4 cm减少到74.6 cm，有效分蘖数和每穗着粒数分别减少23.7%和28.5%，千粒重和结实率都显著降低，此外，c5还表现出对白叶枯病菌的广谱抗病性，对10个菲律宾生理小种都有强烈的抗性反应。遗传分析表明，c5的突变性状受单隐性核基因控制。利用c5和明恢86配组形成的包含6269个单株的F2群体和18个分子标记，将c基因限定在水稻第5染色体长臂STS标记S41和S47之间大约102 kb的遗传距离内。序列分析发现该区间内其中有11个编码基因，且它们与现已报道的类病变基因都不同，暗示c5可能是一个新型类病变性状控制基因。 相似文献
16.
New sources of dwarfing genes were identified from accessions of Avena fatua in Japan and Korea. The dwarfing genes were transferred from backcrossed and self‐pollinated relatives to the cultivated oat ‘Kanota’. In the cultivated form, the dominant dwarfing gene Dw8 showed a relatively lower transmission rate than recessive, semi‐dominant and nondwarfing genes and was characterized by a distinct link with wild gene cluster. This was also supported by the high transmission rate of wild specific SSR alleles. Four dwarf inbred lines (L153, L169a, L169b and L812) were identified as involving a single recessive dwarfing gene(s). The recessive dwarfing genes that showed normal and stable transmission rates in BC1F3 were first reported in hexaploid oats. The L169 segregated two different recessive dwarf lines in BC1, which were selected as semi‐ (L169a) and extreme‐ (L169b) dwarf lines. The L169a was a good genotype with a high grain yield. L288 is a semi‐dwarf line conditioned by a semi‐dominant dwarfing gene, with a unilateral panicle, large florets and good grain quality due to strong resistance to lodging. L342 had a short peduncle, making the panicle compact, and its phenotype was similar to the dwarfness controlled by Dw7, but the dwarfing genes were different. 相似文献
17.
Positive height-grain yield relationships exist for many cereals, but cannot be fully used in breeding because of lodging and harvestability problems in tall cultivars. Law et al. (1978) proposed a “tall-dwarf” hypothesis for wheat, in which the positive effects of minor height genes could be exploited by selecting for them in a major dwarfing gene background. The applicability of this hypothesis to pearl millet was tested by crossing a set of dwarf S1 progenies (from a single population) which varied in height onto two male-sterile lines. Mean (by S1 pollinator) hybrid grain yield was closely related to mean hybrid height (r2= 0.60) over a range of mean yields of 3.0–3.9 t ha?1 and a range of mean heights of 126–165 cm. The effect of height was expressed as an increase in grain number in one cross and as an increase in grain mass in the other, indicating the importance of background genetic effects on yield-height relationships in dwarf hybrids. The concept of “tall-dwarfs” appears to be applicable to pearl millet. 相似文献
18.
Success in anther culture of rye (Secale cereale L.) has mainly been restricted to genotypes whose genome is partly determined by S. vavilovii Grossh. The aim of this study was to identify true S. cereale genotypes with anther-culture ability. The plant material used included the semi-wild standard genotype SC35, six single crosses of the ‘Petkus’ and 10 of the ‘Carsten’ gene pool, plus a double cross between SC35 and one of the ‘Carsten’ single crosses. Three anther-culture experiments were performed. Several single crosses within the ‘Carsten’ gene pool produced green plants. The ‘Petkus’ single crosses tested did not show anther-culture ability. As expected, the induction and regeneration rates of SC35 were higher than those of all other genotypes tested. The performance of the double cross was intermediate between its parents. The results demonstrate for the first time that anther culture in rye is a valuable tool in plant breeding. The data also show the possibility of transferring anther-culture ability from high- to low-responding genotypes. 相似文献
19.
Localization of a Dwarfing Mutation in Upland Cotton Using InDel Markers Based on Genome Re-Sequencing Data 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Ji Gaoxiang He Shoupu Pan Zhao’e Gong Wenfang Jia Yinhua Wang Liru Wang Pengpeng Geng Xiaoli Du Xiongming 《棉花学报》2018,30(6):448-454
[Objective] InDel markers that were developed by comparing whole genome re-sequencing data were used to map the AS98 gene of a dwarf mutant of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). [Method] An F2 segregation population was constructed from an upland-cotton dwarf mutant (AS98) and its wild type (LHF10), and InDel markers were developed based on genome re-sequencing data from the two parents. The InDel markers and the F2 generation were then used to map the AS98 gene of the dwarf mutant. [Result] A total of 114 InDel markers located in a previous mapping region were screened and used to genotype 223 F2 individuals. Ultimately, phenotypic data and 20 polymorphic primer pairs were used to construct a genetic linkage map. Molecular marker analysis mapped AS98 within a 6.9 cM distance of the marker InDel-50 on chromosome D12. [Conclusion] This study has demonstrated the feasibility of using InDel markers developed from re-sequencing data for gene localization in isolated populations derived from upland cotton dwarf materials. The resulting gene map provides a basis for future fine mapping and molecular-assisted selection breeding. 相似文献
20.
Sumaira Lodhi Harbans Bariana Mandeep Randhawa Alvina Gul Peter John Urmil Bansal 《Plant Breeding》2019,138(2):148-153
Many stem rust resistance genes have been formally named in wheat. Adult plant stem rust resistance gene Sr2 was mapped in the short‐arm of chromosome 3B. Stripe rust resistance gene Yr57, identified in Aus91463, was mapped about 5 cM away from Sr2 based on its linkage with Sr2‐linked marker gwm533. The objective of this study was to combine Sr2 and Yr57 in a single genotype. A mapping population containing 107 recombinant inbred lines was developed from a cross between Aus91463‐Yr57 and Hartog‐Sr2. This population was tested at the seedling stage in the glasshouse for variation in stripe rust response, and high temperature induced Sr2‐linked seedling chlorosis. The RIL population was screened for Sr2‐linked pseudo black chaff phenotype at the adult plant stage in field. Five recombinants carrying Sr2 and Yr57 in coupling were detected using phenotypic and marker data. Four recombinants also carried leaf rust resistance gene Lr23 from Aus91463. These recombinants are being used as triple rust resistance source in the Australian Cereal Rust Control Program. 相似文献