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1.
Upland cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. is the most widely planted cultivated cotton in the United States and the world. The other cultivated tetraploid species G. barbadense L. is planted on considerable less area; however, it produces extra long, strong, and fine fibers which spins into superior yarn. The wild cotton tetraploid species G. tomentosum Nuttall ex Seemann, native to the Hawaiian Archipelago also exhibits traits, such as drought tolerance, that would also be desirable to transfer to Upland cotton. Long-term breeding efforts using whole genome crosses between Upland and these species have not been successful in transferring very many desirable alleles into Upland cotton. Our chromosome substitution lines (CSL) have one chromosome or chromosome arm from an alien species backcrossed into the Upland cotton line,TM-1, via aneuploid technology. Five Upland cultivars were crossed with CS-B01, CS-T01, CS-B04, CS-T04, CS-B18 and CS-T18 and TM-1 the recurrent parent of the CSLs. This provided an opportunity to determine the effects of chromosomes 01, 04, and 18 from the three species in crosses with the five cultivars. Predicted genotypic mean effects of the parents, F2, and F3 generations for eight agronomic and fiber traits of importance were compared. The predicted hybrid mean effects for the three chromosomes from each species were different for several of the traits across cultivars. There was no single chromosome or species that was superior for all traits in crosses. Parental and hybrid lines often differed in the effect of a particular chromosome among the three species. The predicted genotypic mean effects for F2 and F3, with a few exceptions, generally agree with our previous results for additive and dominance genetic effects of these CSL.  相似文献   

2.
Investigation of cotton nutritional components is important because its seeds provide a useful nutritional profile and can possibly serve as a biofuel resource. In this study, five cultivars, 13 cotton chromosome substitution (CS-B) lines, their donor parent, '3-79', and their recurrent parent, 'TM-1', were evaluated for seed traits over four environments. A mixed linear model approach with the jackknife method was employed to estimate variance components and to predict genotypic effects for each seed trait. Genotypic effects were more important than genotype by environment interaction for all seed traits. Chromosome associations with these seed traits were detected using the comparative method by comparing the differences between each CS-B line and TM-1. For example, chromosome 4 of 3-79 in TM-1 background was associated with reduced seed index (SI), embryo percentage, protein percentage while associated with increased seed oil percentage and seed fiber percentage. Other chromosome associations with these seed traits were also observed in this study. SI was highly correlated with three seed index traits: seed protein index, seed oil index (OI), and seed fiber index. Lint percentage, boll number, and lint yield were positively correlated with protein percentage while negatively correlated with SI and OI. SI and seed fiber content exhibited negative correlations with micronaire but positive correlations with fiber length and strength. Results suggested that agronomic traits and seed nutrition components can be improved simultaneously.  相似文献   

3.
The germplasm with exotic genomic components especially from Sea Island cotton (Gossypium barbadense L. Gb) is the dominant genetic resources to enhance fiber quality of upland cotton (G. hirsutum L., Gh). Due to low efficiency of phenotypic evaluation and selection on fiber quality, genetic dissection of favorable alleles using molecular markers is essential. Genetic dissection on putative Gb introgressions related to fiber traits were conducted by SSR markers with mapping populations derived from a cross between Luyuan343 (LY343), a superior fiber quality introgression line (IL) with genomic components from Gb, and an elite Upland cotton cv. Lumianyan#22 (LMY22). Among 82 polymorphic loci screened out from 4050 SSRs, 42 were identified as putative introgression alleles. A total of 29 fiber-related QTLs (23 for fiber quality and six for lint percentage) were detected and most of which clustered on the putative Gb introgression chromosomal segments of Chr.2, Chr.16, Chr.23 and Chr.25. As expected, a majority of favorable alleles of fiber quality QTLs (12/17, not considering the QTLs for fiber fineness) came from the IL parent and most of which (11/12) were conferred by the introgression genomic components while three of the six (3/6) favorable alleles for lint percentage came from the Gh parent. Validation of these QTLs using an F8 breeding population from the same cross made previously indicated that 13 out of 29 QTLs showed considerable stability. The results suggest that fiber quality improvement using the introgression components could be facilitated by marker-assisted selection in cotton breeding program.  相似文献   

4.
Gossypium barbadense L. cotton has significantly better fiber quality than Upland cotton (G. hirsutum L.); however, yield and environmental adaptation of G. barbadense is not as wide as Upland. Most cotton in the world is planted to Upland cultivars. Many attempts have been made, over a considerable number of years, to introgress fiber quality alleles from G. barbadense into Upland. However, introgression barriers, primarily in the form of interspecific incompatibility, have limited these traditional approaches. The use of chromosome substitution lines (CSL) as a bridge should provide a more efficient way to introgress alleles from G. barbadense into Upland. We crossed 18 G. barbadense CSL to three cultivars and developed a random mated population. After five cycles of random mating followed by one generation of self-pollination to increase the seed supply, we grew the random mated population and used 139 G. barbadense chromosome specific SSR markers to assess a random sample of 96 plants for introgression. We recovered 121 of 139 marker loci among the 96 plants. The distribution of the G. barbadense alleles ranged from 10 to 28 alleles in each plant. Among the 96 plants we found individual plants with marker loci from 6 to 14 chromosomes or chromosome arms. Identity by descent showed little relatedness among plants and no population structure was indicated by a heat map. Using CSL we were able to develop a mostly Upland random mated population with considerable introgression of G. barbadense alleles which should be useful for breeding.  相似文献   

5.
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6.
Backcrossed chromosome substitution lines (CS‐B) have been developed with a homologous pair of chromosomes or chromosome arms of Gossypium barbadense (3‐79) germplasm substituted for the homologous Gossypium hirsutum(TM‐1) chromosomes or chromosome segments. We report on agronomic and fibre trait performance of four backcrossed chromosome or chromosome arm substitution lines including chromosomes 01, 11sh (chromosome 11 short arm), 12 sh and 26 Lo (chromosome 26 long arm). Data for agronomic and fibre traits were collected from replicated field experiments at two different locations in 2 years, and analysed under an additive dominance genetic model. CS‐B 12sh had higher, while CS‐B 01 and CS‐B 26Lo had lower boll weight than TM‐1. The presence of significant negative additive effects for micronaire with CS‐B 01 and significant positive additive effects for elongation and fibre strength with CS‐B 11sh suggested the substituted chromosome arms of 3‐79 in these CS‐B lines were more likely carrying genes causing these effects. Results revealed that several CS‐B lines had significant homozygous and heterozygous dominance effects for different agronomic and fibre traits suggesting that specific CS‐B lines may be useful for improving agronomic and fibre traits in hybrid cottons. These CS‐B lines also provide novel genetic resources for improving upland cotton germplasm.  相似文献   

7.
Verticillium wilt (VW, Verticillium dahliae) is a worldwide destructive soil-borne fungal disease and employment of VW resistant cultivars is the most economic and efficient method in sustainable cotton production. However, information concerning VW resistance in current commercial cotton cultivars and transfer of VW resistance from Pima (Gossypium barbadense) to Upland (Gossypium hirsutum) cotton is lacking. The objective of the current study was to report findings in evaluating commercial cotton cultivars and germplasm lines for VW resistance in field and greenhouse (GH) experiments conducted in 2003, 2006, and 2007. In the study, 267 cultivars and germplasm lines were screened in the GH, while 357 genotypes were screened in the field. The results indicated that (1) VW significantly reduced cotton yield, lint percentage, 50% span length and micronaire, but not 2.5% span length and fiber strength, when healthy and diseased plants in 23 cultivars were compared; (2) some commercial cotton cultivars developed by major cotton seed companies in the US displayed good VW resistance; (3) many Acala cotton cultivars released in the past also had good VW resistance, but not all Acala cotton germplasm are resistant; (4) Pima cotton possessed higher levels of VW resistance than Upland cotton, but the performance was reversed when the root system was wounded after inoculation; (5) VW resistance in some conventional cultivars was transferred into their transgenic version through backcrossing; and (6) some advanced backcross inbred lines developed from a cross between Upland and Pima cotton showed good VW resistance. The successful development of VW resistant transgenic cultivars and transfer of VW resistance from Pima to Upland cotton implies that VW resistance is associated with a few genes if not a major one.  相似文献   

8.
Sticky cotton causes severe processing problems at textile mills and can be caused by plant sugars deposited directly from the plant to the lint in the absence of insects. A partial diallel design was used to investigate the combining ability of six upland cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., genotypes in Lubbock, Texas. Sucrose and glucose on fibers were measured as well as more mechanical fiber properties including stickiness ratings. Variance component analysis indicated significant differences among genotypes for all fiber traits and for sugar content. The greatest differentiation occurred in samples taken from more immature fruiting forms. Moreover, significant GCA and SCA differences were determined among parental lines for fiber traits including stickiness ratings. Findings suggest that breeding efforts could be directed toward lines with a low likelihood of producing sticky cotton.  相似文献   

9.
In this research, we used two sets of cotton aneuploid (G. hirsutum × G. tomentosum and G. hirsutum × G. barbadense) plants to locate AFLP markers to chromosomes using deletion analysis method. Thirty-eight primer combinations were used to generate 608 polymorphic AFLP markers. A total of 98 AFLP markers were assigned to 22 different cotton chromosomes or chromosome arms. Of those assigned markers, 63.3% were assigned to A genome and 36.7% were assigned to D genome. A low rate (14.3%) of common markers were found between those assigned AFLP markers with the AFLP markers from an intraspecific cross population developed previous in our lab. Based on the 16 common markers, we were able to associate the 13 linkage groups previously identified in our lab to eight chromosomes. Further research will be carried out by using SSR markers with known location to associate unassigned linkage groups to chromosomes.  相似文献   

10.
Improving fiber quality properties of cotton is important for increasing the efficiency of manufacturing textiles, including enhancing yarn quality and spinning performance. This study was conducted to determine if we could identify valuable cotton cultivars to use as parents in breeding programs with the goal of improving fiber properties. Seven parents were combined in a diallel design and selfed to obtain 21 F2 populations. Positive general and specific combining ability effects were observed for all traits. General combining ability tended to be larger than specific combining ability, indicating these traits are controlled primarily by additive genetic effects. Correlations among traits were generally positive except for lint yield correlations with fiber strength and length. For improving the fiber quality measures of strength and length, line 7235 shows excellent general combining ability effects. SG125 would provide elite germplasm to increase agronomic measures of lint yield and lint percent. The MD51 genotype has the highest potential among the genotypes tested here to provide germplasm combining both improved yield and fiber strength. These parents, or their selected progeny, should be useful in a breeding program to generate variability from which selection can be used to identify lines with improved fiber and/or agronomic properties.  相似文献   

11.
利用陆地棉置换系进行海岛棉主要性状基因的染色体定位   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  
 利用海岛棉染色体置换陆地棉一对染色体或染色体臂的置换系,进行主要农艺性状、抗黄萎病性和纤维品质基因染色体定位。结果表明,海岛棉1号染色体可以增加株高;16、17、18、4号染色体携带降低铃数基因;22Lo、22Sh、16、11Sh、26Lo号染色体可以提高衣分;大部分染色体降低铃重。16、26Lo染色体可以增强抗黄萎病性。对纤维品质性状分析表明,14Sh、26Lo号染色体可以提高纤维长度;14Sh、15Sh号染色体可以提高强度;4号染色体可以降低麦克隆值;22Sh、16、22Lo、11Sh号染色体可以提高伸长率。推测这些染色体上可能具有对应性状的基因。  相似文献   

12.
The ovules at the stage of fiber initiation from −1 to +1 days post-anthesis (dpa) were studied, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), in five Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars varying in lint percentage from 28.53% to 43.10%. Our results indicated that on −1 days post-anthesis (−1 dpa), fiber cell protrusions were found in all cultivars, but these protrusions varied among different materials and the differences did not correlate with ultimate lint percentage of each cultivar. At 0 days post-anthesis (dpa), a large amount of fiber cell protrusions appeared on the ovular surface of all samples, and these protrusions had been elongated significantly by +1 dpa. Interestingly, fiber density at +1 dpa of almost all samples was always significantly lower than that at 0 dpa except Simian3, the cultivar with the highest lint percentage 43.10%. This observation suggests that with the expanding of the cotton ovular volume, fiber “diluting” degree on the ovular surfaces might be related to higher or lower lint percentage. Qiannong465, the cultivar with the lowest lint percentage (28.53%), was found to exhibit the fewest fiber protrusions. Rather, many sunken, morphologically abnormal protrusions were observed on the ovular surface at 0 dpa. Correlation analysis suggested that either fiber protrusion density at 0 dpa or fiber elongation density at +1 dpa had a highest positive correlation with lint percentage, secondly with lint index. The grey relational analysis was essentially consistent with these findings. Thus we have identified two important parameters that could provide invaluable predictive information for cotton breeding.  相似文献   

13.
Sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) combined with SSRs, RAPDs, and RGAPs was used to construct a high density genetic map for a F2 population derived from the cross DH962 (G. hirsutum accession) × Jimian5 (G. hirsutum cultivar). A total of 4,096 SRAP primer combinations, 6310 SSRs, 600 RAPDs, and 10 RGAPs produced 331, 156, 17 and 2 polymorphic loci, respectively. Among the 506 loci obtained, 471 loci (309 SRAPs, 144 SSRs, 16 RAPDs and 2 RGAPs) were assigned to 51 linkage groups. Of these, 29 linkage groups were assigned to corresponding chromosomes by SSR markers with known chromosome locations. The map covered 3070.2 cM with a mean density of 6.5 cM per locus. The segregation distortion in this population was 9.49%, and these distorted loci tend to cluster at the end of linkage groups or in minor clusters on linkage groups. The majority of SRAPs in this map provided an effective tool for map construction in G. hirsutum despite of its low polymorphism. This high-density linkage map will be useful for further genetic studies in Upland cotton, including mapping of loci controlling quantitative traits, and comparative and integrative analysis with other interspecific and intraspecific linkage maps in cotton.  相似文献   

14.
Developing chromosome segments substitution lines (CSSLs) is an effective method for broadening the cotton germplasm resource, and improving the fiber quality and yield traits. In this study, the 1054 F2 individual plants and 116 F2:3 lineages were generated from the two parents of MBI9749 and MBI9915 selected from BC5F3:5 lines which originated from hybridization of CCRI36 and Hai1, and advanced backcrossing and repeated selfing. Genotypes of the parents and F2 population were analyzed. The results showed that 19 segments were introgressed for MBI9749 and 12 segments were introgressed for MBI9915, distributing on 17 linkage groups. The average background recovery rate to the recurrent parent CCRI36 was 96.70% for the two parents. An average of 16.46 segments was introgressed in F2 population. The average recovery rate of 1054 individual plants was 96.85%, and the mean length of sea island introgression segments was 157.18 cM, accounting for 3.15% of detection length. QTL mapping analysis detected 22 QTLs associated with fiber quality and yield traits in the F2 and F2:3 populations. These QTLs distributed on seven chromosomes, and the phenotypic variation was explained ranging from 1.20 to 14.61%. Four stable QTLs were detected in F2 and F2:3 populations, simultaneously. We found that eight QTLs were in agreement with the previous research. Six QTL-clusters were identified for fiber quality and yield traits, in which five QTL-clusters were on chromosome20. The results indicated that most of QTL-clusters always improve the fiber quality and have negative additive effect for yield related traits. This study demonstrated that CSSLs provide basis for fine mapping of the fiber quality and yield traits in future, and could be efficiently used for pyramiding favourable alleles to develop the new germplasms for breeding by molecular marker-assisted selection.  相似文献   

15.
The objectives of this study were to quantify the components of genetic variance and the genetic effects, and to examine the genetic relationship of inbred lines extracted from various shrunken2 (sh2) breeding populations. Ten diverse inbred lines developed from sh2 genetic background, were crossed in half diallel. Parents and their F1 hybrids were evaluated at three environments. The parents were genotyped using 20 polymorphic simple sequence repeats (SSR). Agronomic and quality traits were analysed by a mixed linear model according to additive-dominance genetic model. Genetic effects were estimated using an adjusted unbiased prediction method. Additive variance was more important than dominance variance in the expression of traits related to ear aspects (husk ratio and percentage of ear filled) and eating quality (flavour and total soluble solids). For agronomic traits, however, dominance variance was more important than additive variance. The additive genetic correlation between flavour and tenderness was strong (r = 0.84, P < 0.01). Flavour, tenderness and kernel colour additive genetic effects were not correlated with yield related traits. Genetic distance (GD), estimated from SSR profiles on the basis of Jaccard’s similarity coefficient varied from 0.10 to 0.77 with an average of 0.56. Cluster analysis classified parents according to their pedigree relationships. In most studied traits, F1 performance was not associated with GD.  相似文献   

16.
Cotton (Gossypium spp.) yield is directly determined by mature bolls that developed from squares and flowers. The first four to six weeks of flowering accounts for the majority of lint yield in upland cotton (G. hirsutum L.) for most cultivated areas of the southern USA cotton belt. In this study, we evaluated 13 cotton chromosome substitution lines (CS-B) and their chromosome specific-F2 hybrids, TM-1, 3–79, and six cultivars for the number of flowers produced during the first four weeks of flowering. Results showed that CS-B05sh produced more flowers than TM-1 and 3–79 from 10 July to 5 August. The results suggest that when the short arm of chromosome 5 was substituted from 3–79 (G. barbadense L.) into TM-1 (G. hirsutum) a positive genetic association with flower numbers during this flowering period was exhibited. CS-B05sh had comparable flower numbers with three cultivars, Deltapine 90, Phytogen 355, and Stoneville 474 and more flowers than, Sure Grow 747, Sure Grow 125, and Deltapine 5415. Different patterns for additive and dominance effects on cumulative flowers were observed across weeks of flowering. Dominance effects were more apparent during the early part of the flowering period while additive effects were more apparent towards the end of the flowering period.  相似文献   

17.
The Lr56/Yr38 translocation consists primarily of alien-derived chromatin with only the 6AL telomeric region being of wheat origin. To improve its utility in wheat breeding, an attempt was made to exchange excess Ae. sharonensis chromatin for wheat chromatin through homoeologous crossover in the absence of Ph1. Translocation heterozygotes that lacked Ph1 were test-crossed with Chinese Spring nullisomic 6A tetrasomic 6B and nullisomic 6A-tetrasomic 6D plants and the resistant (hemizygous 6A) progeny were analyzed with four microsatellite markers. Genetic mapping suggested general homoeology between wheat chromosome 6A and the translocation chromosomes, and showed that Lr56 was located near the long arm telomere. Thirty of the 53 recombinants had breakpoints between Lr56 and the most distal marker Xgwm427. These were characterized with additional markers. The data suggested that recombinants #39, 157 and 175 were wheat chromosomes 6A with small intercalary inserts of foreign chromatin containing Lr56 and Yr38, located distally on the long arms. These three recombinants are being incorporated into adapted germplasm. Attempts to identify the single shortest translocation and to develop appropriate markers are being continued.  相似文献   

18.
A triploid hybrid with an ABC genome constitution, produced from an interspecific cross between Brassica napus (AACC genome) and B. nigra (BB genome), was used as source material for chromosome doubling. Two approaches were undertaken for the production of hexaploids: firstly, by self-pollination and open-pollination of the triploid hybrid; and secondly, by application of colchicine to axillary meristems of triploid plants. Sixteen seeds were harvested from triploid plants and two seedlings were confirmed to be hexaploids with 54 chromosomes. Pollen viability increased from 13% in triploids to a maximum of 49% in hexaploids. Petal length increased from 1.3 cm (triploid) to 1.9 cm and 1.8 cm in the two hexaploids and longest stamen length increased from 0.9 cm (triploid) to 1.1 cm in the hexaploids. Pollen grains were longer in hexaploids (43.7 and 46.3 μm) compared to the triploid (25.4 μm). A few aneuploid offsprings were also observed, with chromosome number ranging from 34 to 48. This study shows that trigenomic hexaploids can be produced in Brassica through interspecific hybridisation of B. napus and B. nigra followed by colchicine treatment.  相似文献   

19.
Grain yield under post-anthesis drought stress is one of the most complex traits, which is inherited quantitatively. The present study was conducted to identify genes determining post-anthesis drought stress tolerance in bread wheat through Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) analysis. Two cultivated bread wheat accessions were selected as parental lines. Population phenotyping was carried out on 133 F2:3 families. Two field experiments and two experiments in the greenhouse were conducted at IPK-Gatersleben, Germany with control and post-anthesis stress conditions in each experiment. Thousand-grain weight was recorded as the main wheat yield component, which is reduced by post-anthesis drought stress. Chemical desiccation was applied in three experiments as simulator of post-anthesis drought stress whereas water stress was applied in one greenhouse experiment. Analysis of variance showed significant differences among the F2:3 families. The molecular genetic linkage map including 293 marker loci associated to 19 wheat chromosomes was applied for QTL analysis. The present study revealed four and six QTLs for thousand-grain weight under control and stress conditions, respectively. Only one QTL on chromosome 4BL was common for both conditions. Five QTLs on chromosomes 1AL, 4AL, 7AS, and 7DS were found to be specific to the stress condition. Both parents contributed alleles for drought tolerance. Taking the known reciprocal translocation of chromosomes 4AL/7BS into account, the importance of the short arms of homoeologous group 7 is confirmed for drought stress.  相似文献   

20.
Wei Zhu  Kui Liu  Xue-De Wang 《Euphytica》2008,164(1):283-291
Leaf shape is an important factor affecting canopy structure, photosynthetic characteristics, and yield. Introducing okra leaf shape is considered an important strategy in cotton heterosis breeding. The objective of the study was to evaluate the heterosis in okra leaf cotton hybrid F1s, which were developed by crossing two sterile near isolines and three restorer near isolines. A normal leaf check hybrid F1, Zhongza 29, and four newly developed okra leaf oriented hybrid F1s, including the super-okra (severely cleft and narrowly lobed leaf), okra (deeply cleft and narrowly lobed leaf), semi-okra (intermediate leaf lobe), and sub-okra (large leaf lobe) hybrids were selected in this experiment. Okra leaf oriented cotton hybrids significantly reduced leaf area index (LAI) (P < 0.0001), thus more light penetrated into the lower canopy. The LAIs for the super-okra and okra hybrids, however, were too small to supply adequate photosynthate, thus resulting in early maturity, short boll filling period, and low yield. As the LAI increases, the semi-okra and sub-okra hybrids showed certain heterosis. The semi-okra hybrid showed 7–12% heterosis over the check hybrid in lint percent, 6–11% in boll weight, 2–147% in canopy light intensity, 1–10% in net photosynthetic rate (Pn), and −3 to 3% in lint yield. As well, all tested okra leaf hybrids improved fiber quality such as micronaire compared with the normal leaf check hybrid. The results suggested that adopting okra leaf parental lines in cotton breeding provided potentials in increasing fiber quality with comparable lint yield.  相似文献   

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